Physiology Lecture Quiz 1
Examples of negative feedback
- body temp - regulation of blood glucose - Blood pressure with posture
What is the importance of pH?
- shapes and function of molecules - enzyme activity - most chemical reactions - ability of molecules to dissolve in water
What is the relative acidity of wine (pH4) compared to soap (pH 10)?
1,000,000
What are the 4 major molecules of life?
1. carbohydrates 2. lipids 3. proteins 4. nucleic acids
Types of lipids
1. fats 2. phospholipids 3. ketones 4. prostaglandins 5. steroids
Types of carbohydrates
1. monosaccharides 2. disaccharides 3. polysaccharides
How much more acidic is urine (pH 6) than ammonia (pH 11)
100,000
What is the normal human body pH?
7.35-7.45
A protein disorder involving an abnormal chloride ion channel on cells
Cystic Fibrosis
Which of the following organ systems has the biggest and fastest impact on regulating blood pH?
Respiratory
Positive feedback loop
When change occurs and body responds by causing more of that change
What is a stimulus?
a change in a body function usually outside of normal range
cystic fibrosis
abnormal chloride ion channels on cells
Example of exogenous steroids
anabolic steroids, birth control hormones, anti-inflammatory steroids
The nucleus in the hypothalamus that responds to a change in body temp
anterior
The sensor that detects changes in arterial blood pressure
aortic and carotid artery baroreceptors
define acidosis
blood pH < 7.35
define alkalosis
blood pH > 7.45
Function of fats
can be used for energy (saturated, usaturated, trans)
Which of the following is a polysaccharide found in plant cells?
cellulose and starch
Prion disease in deer
chronic wasting disease
What is a sensor?
detects the change and sends signal to integrating center
Lactose in an example of a
disacharide
ketoacidosis
drop in blood pH from metabolizing ketones
protein structure determines how proteins ___________.
function
If blood glucose levels decrease from normal, which of the following changes takes place to bring glucose levels back to normal?
glucagon secretion from the pancreas
Example of monosaccharides
glucose
which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?
glycogen
which of the following is a polysaccharide found in animal cells?
glycogen
What term defines all of the changes that occur in the body to keep function within normal range?
homeostasis
The intergrating center that receives the information from the sensor given in question 10 above.
hypothalamus
What is the sensor in the positive feedback loop involving child breast feeding and oxytocin release?
hypothalamus
What secretes oxytocin?
hypothalamus
What stimulates skeletal muscles and sweat glands
hypothalamus
The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is _________
increased blood glucose
A blood pH of 7.9 is
indicative of alkalosis
_________ are liver-synthesized derivatives of free fatty acids that can be used as an immediate source of energy by many organs, but metabolism of them can decrease blood pH.
ketones
The use of ketones for energy,_______________, can lead to a drop in blood pH termed ________________.
ketosis, ketoacidosis
function of ketones
lipids used for ATP when we run out of carbs, glucose, and glycogen
The integrating center that detects responds to changes in arterial blood pressure by sensors in BP
medulla
What brainstem structure controls heart rate and arteriole diameter?
medulla
What responds to oxytocin release?
milk glands and uterine smooth muscle
example of endogenous steroids
natural cotrisol, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone
Our body can metabolize all of the following to make ATP except
nuclei acids
Examples of positive feedback
nursing and oxytocin & birth and oxytocin
__________ is the logarithmic scale of H+ ions and OH- ions
pH
What is the study of how the body maintains homeostasis?
physiology
which of the following form of lipids plays a role in inflammatory processes?
prostaglandins
huntington's chorea
protein that causes degeneration of somatic motor neurons
What is the function of prostaglandins
regulates inflammatory process
A protein disorder involving an abnormal form of hemoglobin
sickle cell
Example of polysaccharide
starch
Exogenous steroids
steroid from outside body
endogenous steroids
steroid produced by your own body
What does insulin do?
stimulates the body's cells to take up glucose from the blood
glyogen
storage form of glucose
___________ sense the stimulus of a baby's head pressing against the cervix
stretch receptors
Example of disaccharide
sucrose
The nucleus in the hypothalamus that responds to the nipple being stimulated by a nursing infant
supraoptic and paraventricular
When body temp is too high, these effectors respond to hypothalamic stimulation to cool the body.
sweat glands
The function of insulin
tells body tissues to take up blood glucose and bring glucose down
function of glucagon
tells liver to break down glycogen and release glucose
What is the effector?
the muscle or gland that responds to the command
function of phospholipids
they make up the cell membrane
Which of the following lipids is used primarily for energy storage as white fat in adipocytes?
triglycerides
T/F Anabolic steroid abuse in males can cause testicular atrophy and gynocomastia.
true
Ketosis
use of ketones for energy
What is the function of steroids
used to make cholesterol and steroid hormone (sex hormones)
What is the effect?
usually reverses the initial change in body function
Negative feedback loop
when changes occur and body responds by reversal of the change
Wat is an integrating center?
where sensory info is interpreted and sends a command
