Physiology Test

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Multiple sclerosis

Disease gradually destroys the myelin sheaths around the CNS fibers by converting them to hardened sheaths

Nodes of Ranvier

Gaps in the myelin sheath

Axon

Generally conducts impulses away from the cell body

Unmyelinated

Gray matter

Myelin sheath

Increases the speed of impulse transmission

Pia mater

Innermost covering of the brain, delicate and vascular

Synapse

Junction or point of close contact between neurons

Neuron cell body

Location of the nucleus

Longitudinal fissure

Long fissure that separates cerebral hemispheres

Arachnoid mater

Middle meningeal layer; like a cobweb in structure

Astrocyte

Most abundant neuroglia in body

Central nervous system

Nervous system

Efferent neuron

Neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands

Afferent neuron

Neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery

Association neuron

Neuron, serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons

T

Nuerons don't touch each other

Dura mater

Outer layer forms the periosteum of the skull

Meiningeal layer

Outermost covering of the brain, composed of tough fibrous connective tissue

Dendrites

Portion of neuron associated with a sensory receptor organ

4 Major Regions of Brain

Diencephalon, cerebellum, CH, brain stem

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals released by neurons that stimulate other neurons, muscles, or glands

Nissl bodies

Clustered ribosomes and rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

Ganglion

Collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS

Dendrite

Conducts local electrical currents toward the cell body

Tract

Bundle of nerve processes inside the CNS

T

Cerebral cortex is responsible for both logical and emotional responses

Speak

Damage to your Broca's area causes you the inability to ______

Stimuli

Changes, occurring within or outside the body, that affect nervous system functioning

Schwann cells and satellite cells

2 neuroglia in the PNS

Tracts

Bundle of nerve fibers running through CNS

Neurons

Bundle of nerve fibers running through PNS

Reflex

Rapid, predictable, and involuntary response to stimuli

Axon terminal

Releases neurotransmitters

Proprioceptors

Sensory receptors found in muscle and tendons that detect their degree of search

Cutaneous sense organs

Sensory receptors found in the skin, which are specialized to detect temperature, pressure changes, and pain

Sulci

Shallow grooves in the brain

Schwann cells

Specialized cells that myelinate the fibers of neurons found in the PNS

Arachnoid villi

Structures that return cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural sinuses

Gyri

elevated surfaces of cerebral hemisphere

Away

in the PNS motor efferent carries impulses ____ from the CNS

Towards

in the PNS sensory afferent carries impulses ____ the CNS

Association

memory, knowledge

Motor

moving your muscles

What color is the superficial cortex

pinkish/whitish

Sensory

transmission of neurons

Myelinated

white matter


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