Physiology Test
Multiple sclerosis
Disease gradually destroys the myelin sheaths around the CNS fibers by converting them to hardened sheaths
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps in the myelin sheath
Axon
Generally conducts impulses away from the cell body
Unmyelinated
Gray matter
Myelin sheath
Increases the speed of impulse transmission
Pia mater
Innermost covering of the brain, delicate and vascular
Synapse
Junction or point of close contact between neurons
Neuron cell body
Location of the nucleus
Longitudinal fissure
Long fissure that separates cerebral hemispheres
Arachnoid mater
Middle meningeal layer; like a cobweb in structure
Astrocyte
Most abundant neuroglia in body
Central nervous system
Nervous system
Efferent neuron
Neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands
Afferent neuron
Neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery
Association neuron
Neuron, serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons
T
Nuerons don't touch each other
Dura mater
Outer layer forms the periosteum of the skull
Meiningeal layer
Outermost covering of the brain, composed of tough fibrous connective tissue
Dendrites
Portion of neuron associated with a sensory receptor organ
4 Major Regions of Brain
Diencephalon, cerebellum, CH, brain stem
Neurotransmitters
Chemicals released by neurons that stimulate other neurons, muscles, or glands
Nissl bodies
Clustered ribosomes and rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
Ganglion
Collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS
Dendrite
Conducts local electrical currents toward the cell body
Tract
Bundle of nerve processes inside the CNS
T
Cerebral cortex is responsible for both logical and emotional responses
Speak
Damage to your Broca's area causes you the inability to ______
Stimuli
Changes, occurring within or outside the body, that affect nervous system functioning
Schwann cells and satellite cells
2 neuroglia in the PNS
Tracts
Bundle of nerve fibers running through CNS
Neurons
Bundle of nerve fibers running through PNS
Reflex
Rapid, predictable, and involuntary response to stimuli
Axon terminal
Releases neurotransmitters
Proprioceptors
Sensory receptors found in muscle and tendons that detect their degree of search
Cutaneous sense organs
Sensory receptors found in the skin, which are specialized to detect temperature, pressure changes, and pain
Sulci
Shallow grooves in the brain
Schwann cells
Specialized cells that myelinate the fibers of neurons found in the PNS
Arachnoid villi
Structures that return cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural sinuses
Gyri
elevated surfaces of cerebral hemisphere
Away
in the PNS motor efferent carries impulses ____ from the CNS
Towards
in the PNS sensory afferent carries impulses ____ the CNS
Association
memory, knowledge
Motor
moving your muscles
What color is the superficial cortex
pinkish/whitish
Sensory
transmission of neurons
Myelinated
white matter
