Physiology Test Bank: Ch 5 The Central Nervous System

What is the estimated number of neurons in the brain? a. 850 million b. 8.5 billion c. 85 billion d. 850 billion e. 850 trillion

c. 85 billion

Where is Broca's area located? a. parietal lobe b. temporal lobe c. frontal lobe d. occipital lobe e. brain stem

c. frontal lobe

What area of the brain is most involved in directly regulating the internal environment (homeostasis)? a. pituitary gland b. thalamus c. hypothalamus d. hyperthalamus e. pineal gland

c. hypothalamus

What ascending spinal tract carries pain & temperature sensations to the brain? a. ventral spinothalamic b. dorsal spinocerebellar c. lateral spinothalamic d. ventral spinocerebellar e. vestibulospinal

c. lateral spinothalamic

What components make up the brain stem? a. hindbrain, pons, & midbrain b. medulla, hippocampus, & midbrain c. medulla, pons, & midbrain d. cerebellum, hindbrain, & midbrain e. medulla, pons, & hippocampus

c. medulla, pons, & midbrain

What are the nourishing membranes that lie between the bony covering of the CNS & the nervous tissue? a. vertebrae b. ganglions c. meninges d. nerve roots e. glial cells

c. meninges

What are the 2 major regulatory systems in the body? a. nervous system & urinary system b. endocrine system & urinary system c. nervous system & endocrine system d. circulatory system & endocrine system e. nervous system & circulatory system

c. nervous system & endocrine system

What are the 2 forms of amnesia? a. primary & secondary b. habituation & sensitization c. retrograde & anterograde d. major & minor e. cortical & subcortical

c. retrograde & anterograde

Information lost from short-term memory is temporarily forgotten, but information in long-term storage is often forgotten permanently. true false

false

Slow-wave sleep occurs in 3 stages, each displaying progressively slower EEG waves of higher frequency. true false

false

The afferent division carries information away from the CNS. true false

false

The amygdala is especially important in processing inputs that give rise to the sensations of happiness & pleasure. true false

false

The basal nuclei play an important inhibitory role in sensory control. true false

false

The brain displays a degree of plasticity, which is an ability to genetically remodel in response to the demands placed on it. true false

false

The hippocampus is a prominent site where LTD takes place & is also crucial for consolidation of short-term memory. true false

false

The human brain is the consistency of tofu & typically weighs about 11 pounds. true false

false

The stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex because the only synapse in the reflex arc is the one between the thalamus & the hypothalamus. true false

false

The vegetative state is characterized by long sleep-wake cycles & detectable awareness. true false

false

Throughout the entire CNS, white matter consists mostly of densely packaged neuronal cell bodies & their dendrites, in addition to most glial cells. true false

false

An example of cranial reflex is constriction of the pupils of your eyes in response to bright light. true false

true

Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells. true false

true

Emerging evidence suggests that dyslexia stems from a deficit in phonological processing. true false

true

Ependymal cells line the internal, fluid filled cavities of the CNS. true false

true

Only the brain interstitial fluid (not the blood or CSF) comes into direct contact with the neurons & glial cells. true false

true

Prozac is an example of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). true false

true

Sensitization is defined as increased responsiveness to mild stimuli following a strong or noxious stimulus. true false

true

Sleep is not accompanied by a reduction in neural activity, but rather by a profound change in activity. true false

true

The cortex has a default mode network that is most active when the mind wanders. true false

true

The latest technology for studying neurons is called optogenetics. true false

true

The prefrontal cortex is largely responsible for the so-called "executive" functions. true false

true

The primary areas of cortical specialization for language are Broca's area & Wernicke's area. true false

true

The vestibulocerebellum is important for maintaining balance & controls eye movements. true false

true

Afferent fibers carrying incoming signals from peripheral receptors enter the spinal cord through the ventral horn. true false

false

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? a. 31 b. 32 c. 33 d. 34 e. 35

a. 31

Based on varying distribution of several distinctive cell types, the cerebral cortex is organized into how many well-defined layers? a. 6 b. 5 c. 4 d. 3 e. 2

a. 6

What are the 3 functional classes of neurons in the nervous system? a. afferent, efferent, & interneurons b. brain, spinal, & peripheral c. incoming, outgoing, & transitional d. efferent, spinal, & motor e. afferent, peripheral, & sensory

a. afferent, efferent, & interneurons

Which brain waves are the fastest? a. gamma b. delta c. beta d. alpha e. cerebral

a. gamma

What compound binds to the AMPA receptors & NMDA receptors of the postsynaptic neuron? a. glutamate b. dopamine c. serotonin d. norepinephrine e. adrenalin

a. glutamate

What is the outer shell of each hemisphere composed of? a. gray matter b. white matter c. pink matter d. cerebral matter e. colossal matter

a. gray matter

What part of the brain plays an especially important role in declarative memories? a. hippocampus b. thalamus c. hypothalamus d. cerebellum e. Broca's area

a. hippocampus

What region of the brain is concerned primarily with motivation & emotion & is extensively involved in memory? a. limbic association area b. prefrontal cortex c. Broca's area d. Wernicke's area e. parietal association area

a. limbic association area

How many functionally distinct parts does the cerebellum have? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6

b. 3

The spinal cord is classified within what part of the nervous system? a. peripheral nervous system b. central nervous system c. primary nervous system d. secondary nervous system e. spinal nervous system

b. central nervous system

What is the name of the neural bridge connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres of the brain? a. basal nuclei b. corpus callosum c. thalamus d. hypothalamus e. optic chiasm

b. corpus callosum

Basal nuclei consist of: a. sensory nerves b. grey matter c. white matter d. sacs of CSF e. glial cells

b. grey matter

What are 2 forms of short-term memory? a. primary & secondary b. habituation & snesitization c. retrograde & anterograde d. major & minor e. cortical & subcortical

b. habituation & sensitization

What are the main neurotransmitters involved with pathways for emotions & behavior? a. norepinephrine, dopamine, & adrenaline b. norepinephrine, dopamine, & serotonin c. epinephrine, melatonin, & serotonin d. epinephrine, melatonin, &adrenaline e. epinephrine, dopamine, & adrenaline

b. norepinephrine, dopamine, & serotonin

What lobe of the brain is situated most posteriorly (back of the head)? a. parietal b. occipital c. temporal d. posterior e. cerebral

b. occiptal

In the spinal cord, what matter is organized into tracts? a. glial cells b. white matter c. grey matter d. pink matter e. ganglions

b. white matter

What receptors in the brain are blocked by caffeine? a. guanine receptors b. serotonin receptors c. dopamine receptors d. adenosine receptors e. norepinephrine receptors

d. adenosin receptors

Each spinal nerve carries afferent sensory fibers from a particular region on the body surface called a(n): a. sensory region b. organ c. skin patch d. dermatome e. afferent zone

d. dermatome

The limbic system includes the amygdala, which is important for processing what emotions? a. happiness & joy b. lust & sexual drive c. empathy & sympathy d. fear & anxiety e. depression & stress

d. fear & anxiety

What are the immune defense cells of the CNS called? a. astrocytes b. interneurons c. oligodendrocytes d. microglia e. ependymal cells

d. microglia

Storing long-term memories involves the synthesis of what new compounds? a. nucleic acids b. electrolytes c. sugars d. proteins e. steroids

d. proteins

What part of the cerebellum regulates muscle tone & coordinates skilled voluntary movement? a. anterior cerebellum b. posterior cerebellum c. cerebrocerebellum d. spinocerebellum e. vestibulocerebellum

d. spinocerebellum

What are the 3 higher motor areas of the cortex that are involved in voluntary decision-making? a. muscle motor area, premotor cortex, & posterior occipital cortex b. supplementary motor area, presensory cortex, & posterior occiptial cortex c. supplementary motor area, presensory cortex, & temporal cortex d. supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, & posterior parietal cortex e. muscle motor area, frontal cortex, & posterior parietal cortex

d. supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, & posterior parietal cortex

What cranial nerve controls the act of chewing? a. mandibular nerve b. facial nerve c. vagus nerve d. trigeminal nerve e. abducens nerve

d. trigeminal nerve

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? a. 8 b. 9 c. 10 d. 11 e. 12

e. 12

What area of the brain is associated with language comprehension? a. Bloom's area b. the homunculus c. Broca's area d. hypothalamus e. Wernicke's area

e. Wernicke's area

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed primarily by the: a. inner meninges b. nerve root ganglions c. arachnoid matter d. glial cells e. choroid plexuses

e. choroid plexuses

The neural change responsible for retention or storage of knowledge is know as a(n): a. input b. bit c. code d. modality e. engrame

e. engram

About 90% of the cells within the CNS are: a. neurons b. nerves c. connective tissue d. interneurons e. glial cells

e. glial cells

What part of the limbic system controls the increase of heart rate & respiratory rate, elevation of blood pressure, & diversion of blood to skeletal muscles? a. amygdala b. pineal gland c. hippocampus d. thalamus e. hypothalamus

e. hypothalamus

What is the innermost CNS membrane? a. dura matter b. arachnoid matter c. inner meninges d. grey neurons e. pia matter

e. pia matter

The withdrawal reflex is an example of what reflex category? a. innate reflex b. conditioned reflex c. somatic reflex d. arm reflex e. spinal reflex

e. spinal reflex