Plant Science Nine Weeks Test
fruit
enlarged ovary containing seed; some are fleshy, such as the tomato, and others are dry, such as beans
pistil
female part of the flower
angiosperm
flowering plants
phloem
food made in the leaves and transported
sexual reproduction
fusion of male and female sex cells to produce a new indivdual
cereal grain
grass-type plants grown for food and animal feed
germination
growth of a new plant from a seed; sprouting
herbaceous
have soft roots that are killed by frost
rootstock
lower portion of a plant used in grafting
layering
method of asexual reproduction in which roots form, on a stem while the stem is attached to the parent plant
Eutrophication
natural water in lakes and other bodies is changed by increased nutrients
herb
non woody plants whose leaves,seed, or other parts are used to enhance flavor of foods
soluble salts
nutrient fertilizers and other minerals that dissolve in water
spice
parts of aromatic plants used to season food
gibberellin
plant hormone in plants that induce stem cell elongation and division
cytokinin
plant hormone responsible for cell division and differentiation
auxin
plant hormone that causes plant cells to elongate
abscisic acid
plant hormone that causes seed dormancy and loss of leaves by deciduous plants
ethylene
plant hormone that influences ripening of fruit, stem development
asexual reproduction
plant reproduction using leaves, stems, or roots
ornamental crops
plants grown for beauty and personal appeal
grain crop
plants grown for edible seeds, not including the horticulture crops; cereal grain
horiticulture crops
plants grown for food, comfort, and beauty
fiber crop
plants grown for the fiber produced in their fruit, leaves, or stem
field crop
plants grown in large fields for oil, grain, and similar products
oil crop
plants grown to produce vegetable oil from their seed or fruit
hardy
plants that are tolerant to cold temperature
annual
plants that complete their life cycle within one year
perennial
plants that have a life cycle of more than two years
biennial
plants that normally require two growing seasons to produce flowers and fruit before dying
forage
plants used for animal feed while immature or before seed maturity
turf
plants used to present a pleasing appearance and protect the soil; usually short growing, mattered grasses or other plants
stustainable agriculture
practices that assure the ability to produce crops and livestock in the future
photosynthesis
process by which green plants convert solar energy into stored chemical energy
stratification
process of a seed going through a time of cold temperature before it germinates
floriculture
production and use of plants for flowers and foilage
gymnosperm
produdce seeds that lay naked on the scales of cones
gravitropism
response of plants to gravity
phototropism
response of plants to light
thigmotropism
response of plants to solid objects
adventitious root
roots that begin growth from the stem of a plant or leaf
forestry
science of growing trees an producing wood products
pomology
science of producing fruit and nuts
olericulture
science of producing vegetable crops
viable
seed capable of germination
meiosis
sex cell deivision
root cap
specialized cells on the tips of roots that protect them as they grow through the soil
soil science
study of the structure, composition, fertility, and use of soil
plant science
study of the structure, functions, growth, and protection of plants
woody
survive winter
irrigation
the artificial application of water to encourage plant growth and productivity
stamen
the male reproductive parts of a flower
transpiration
the movement of water vapor through stomata
macronutrient
the nutrients needed by plants in largest amounts
Agronomy
the specialized area of plant science that deals with field crops
tap root system
the thick main root grows straight down
root hairs
tiny root structures that increase the area for absorbing water
conservation
using resources to assure that some will be available in the future
cuttings
using stems, leaves, or roots of plants for asexual reproduction
erosion
washing or wearing away of the soil
xylem
water and minerals are transported from roots to leaves
self pollination
when the pollen of a plant pollinates a flower on the same plant
cross pollination
when the pollen of a plant pollinates the flower of another plant
cambium
where cell division takes place
enzyme
a complex protein molecule that stimulates chemical reactions in plants
embryo
a rudimentary plant contained in a seed
deciduous
a woody perenial plant that loses leaves in fall
Precision farming
an information and technology based crop management system
chromosome
arrangement of genes; made of proteins and nucleic acid and controls cell activity
scarification
breaking down of a seed coat to encourage germination
renewable natural resource
can be replaced when used
nonrenewable natural resource
cannot be replaced
mitoses
cell division
hormone
chemical substances that create internal messages within a plant to regulate plant growth
remote sensing
collecting info about something w/o actually contacting what is being studied
fibrous root system
consist of numerous slender roots
division
cutting parts of a plant into sections for growing new plants
