Plant Science Nine Weeks Test

fruit

enlarged ovary containing seed; some are fleshy, such as the tomato, and others are dry, such as beans

pistil

female part of the flower

angiosperm

flowering plants

phloem

food made in the leaves and transported

sexual reproduction

fusion of male and female sex cells to produce a new indivdual

cereal grain

grass-type plants grown for food and animal feed

germination

growth of a new plant from a seed; sprouting

herbaceous

have soft roots that are killed by frost

rootstock

lower portion of a plant used in grafting

layering

method of asexual reproduction in which roots form, on a stem while the stem is attached to the parent plant

Eutrophication

natural water in lakes and other bodies is changed by increased nutrients

herb

non woody plants whose leaves,seed, or other parts are used to enhance flavor of foods

soluble salts

nutrient fertilizers and other minerals that dissolve in water

spice

parts of aromatic plants used to season food

gibberellin

plant hormone in plants that induce stem cell elongation and division

cytokinin

plant hormone responsible for cell division and differentiation

auxin

plant hormone that causes plant cells to elongate

abscisic acid

plant hormone that causes seed dormancy and loss of leaves by deciduous plants

ethylene

plant hormone that influences ripening of fruit, stem development

asexual reproduction

plant reproduction using leaves, stems, or roots

ornamental crops

plants grown for beauty and personal appeal

grain crop

plants grown for edible seeds, not including the horticulture crops; cereal grain

horiticulture crops

plants grown for food, comfort, and beauty

fiber crop

plants grown for the fiber produced in their fruit, leaves, or stem

field crop

plants grown in large fields for oil, grain, and similar products

oil crop

plants grown to produce vegetable oil from their seed or fruit

hardy

plants that are tolerant to cold temperature

annual

plants that complete their life cycle within one year

perennial

plants that have a life cycle of more than two years

biennial

plants that normally require two growing seasons to produce flowers and fruit before dying

forage

plants used for animal feed while immature or before seed maturity

turf

plants used to present a pleasing appearance and protect the soil; usually short growing, mattered grasses or other plants

stustainable agriculture

practices that assure the ability to produce crops and livestock in the future

photosynthesis

process by which green plants convert solar energy into stored chemical energy

stratification

process of a seed going through a time of cold temperature before it germinates

floriculture

production and use of plants for flowers and foilage

gymnosperm

produdce seeds that lay naked on the scales of cones

gravitropism

response of plants to gravity

phototropism

response of plants to light

thigmotropism

response of plants to solid objects

adventitious root

roots that begin growth from the stem of a plant or leaf

forestry

science of growing trees an producing wood products

pomology

science of producing fruit and nuts

olericulture

science of producing vegetable crops

viable

seed capable of germination

meiosis

sex cell deivision

root cap

specialized cells on the tips of roots that protect them as they grow through the soil

soil science

study of the structure, composition, fertility, and use of soil

plant science

study of the structure, functions, growth, and protection of plants

woody

survive winter

irrigation

the artificial application of water to encourage plant growth and productivity

stamen

the male reproductive parts of a flower

transpiration

the movement of water vapor through stomata

macronutrient

the nutrients needed by plants in largest amounts

Agronomy

the specialized area of plant science that deals with field crops

tap root system

the thick main root grows straight down

root hairs

tiny root structures that increase the area for absorbing water

conservation

using resources to assure that some will be available in the future

cuttings

using stems, leaves, or roots of plants for asexual reproduction

erosion

washing or wearing away of the soil

xylem

water and minerals are transported from roots to leaves

self pollination

when the pollen of a plant pollinates a flower on the same plant

cross pollination

when the pollen of a plant pollinates the flower of another plant

cambium

where cell division takes place

enzyme

a complex protein molecule that stimulates chemical reactions in plants

embryo

a rudimentary plant contained in a seed

deciduous

a woody perenial plant that loses leaves in fall

Precision farming

an information and technology based crop management system

chromosome

arrangement of genes; made of proteins and nucleic acid and controls cell activity

scarification

breaking down of a seed coat to encourage germination

renewable natural resource

can be replaced when used

nonrenewable natural resource

cannot be replaced

mitoses

cell division

hormone

chemical substances that create internal messages within a plant to regulate plant growth

remote sensing

collecting info about something w/o actually contacting what is being studied

fibrous root system

consist of numerous slender roots

division

cutting parts of a plant into sections for growing new plants