Plant Science Test 2

What is the Photosynthesis Rate at 600 light units? (line graph)

15

What light setting should the greenhouse manager use?

800 is the right level... adding more light will cost more, but provide no growth benefit.

Which process uses a proton (H+) concentration gradient to make ATP?

Both

What does Rubisco do?

Fixes Co2 into a (three carbon) sugar

A scientist conducted an experiment on corn. The dry weight of 20 corn seeds was 7.3 grams. Two weeks later, the dry weight of the plants that developed from those seeds was 5.9 grams. Which graph is the accurate representation of the results from the experiment?

Graph 2

A scientist conducted an experiment on corn. The dry weight of 20 seeds was 7.3 grams. Two weeks later, the dry weight of the 20 corn plants that grew from these seeds was 5.9 grams. Which graph would represent the results of a 4 week version of this experiment IF the plants continued to grow, develop longer roots and more leaves, but respiration rate of the seedling exceeded photosynthesis rates during weeks 3-6?

Graph 3

What does an ATP synthase do as a part of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

It somehow captures energy from moving H+ atoms and synthesizes an ATP molecule by combining ADP with a Phosphate.

A grape disease makes a toxin that makes the grape's mitochondrial membranes leaky. How does this destroy plant productivity

It stops a proton (H+) gradient forming

Grapes are a crop grown in Nebraska for the sugar that is stored in the fruit. Which is a statement that is true about Rubisco enzyme in grapes?

It would be one of the most abundant proteins in the leaves of all grape plants.

A plant with CAM photosynthesis has what advantage over plants with C3 or C4 photosynthesis?

The CAM plants lose less water since they open their stomates at night instead of during the day.

The thylakoid membranes form compartments inside the chloroplast. Why are these compartments important?

They create a lack of equilibrium in the chloroplast where concentrations of H+ molecules can build up.

What is the light saturation point for the sunflower (yellow circles)?

about 100 light units

Why would hot temperatures increase the rate of respiration but decrease the rate of photosynthesis?

hot temperatures cause stomates to close and the hot temperatures also increase the activity of chemical reactions including those of respiration.

A plant will be productive when...

it respires but less than it photosynthesizes.

Why are membranes important in the function of the mitochondria?

membranes help establish a concentration gradient in the H+ ions

Glycolysis occurs in what part of the plant cell?

the cytoplasm

Respiration happens in what parts of the plant cell?

the cytoplasm and the mitochondria

The difference between phytochrome red and phytochrome far red is...

the difference is in how the atoms are oriented but not in bonding or in number of atoms.

The reason why the photosynthesis rate increases as the light intensity level increases is that....

the light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll in the light reactions which generate more copies of ATP which are used to power the dark reactions

The reason the most common form of photosynthesis among plants is called C3 photosynthesis is because....

the plants make a 3 carbon molecule as the first step as they 'fix' new CO2 molecules.

The arrow in the figure below is pointing to the lipid membrane of the thylakoid system. This lipid membrane allows what process to take place?

(The membrane is fluid-like, so molecules such as PQ and PC can move about in the membrane as they transfer electrons. The membrane is a barrier to H+ and the concentration of H+ can build up inside the thylakoids.) CORRECT ANSWER! Both of the above.

Respiration reaction summary: sugar + O2 makes CO2 + H20 Check below two statements about Respiration of the sugar from sugar beet roots that are true

* respiration is a series of chemical reactions controlled by enzymes and designed to make ATP for energy and other important biomolecules * this sugar from the sugar beet could be used in respiration by the plant since it is a biennial plant, or be used in respiration by a person who is consuming the sugar.

The advantage of C4 photosynthesis over C3 photosynthesis is....

....the C4 plants make Rubisco in bundle sheath cells, which are not in direct contact with the air

A greenhouse manager conducts a photosynthesis response experiment on the tomato plants they are growing and obtains the data shown. One group of tomato plants is given more Nitrogen fertilizer than a second group. The two groups had the same photosynthesis rates up to 800 units. The groups had different rates at the 1000 and 1200 light levels. The group that received the higher N fertilizer rate must have been the...

...light green data points in the graph above. The extra N allows the plants to build more chlorophyll and capture more energy from the higher levels of light.

A common herbicide, Atrazine destroys productivity by the following events. Place them in the correct order starting with the earliest [1 through 6] Display Order

1 : Atrazine is applied to the unwanted plants 2 : Atrazine binds to the essential plastoquinone binding protein 3 : Electron flow is blocked after the Photosystem2 complex 4 : No proton (H+) gradient is made in the thylakoid lumen 5 : No ATP is made so the plant lacks energy for all cellular processes 6 : Leaves become necrotic and the plant dies

Arrange these six steps in the order they happen to a carbon

1 : Carbon is in a CO2 molecule outside of a leaf 2 : Carbon is in a CO2 molecule in the air space inside of a leaf 3 : Carbon is in a CO2 molecule that passes through a mesophyll cell membrane 4 : Carbon is in a CO2 molecule that passes through a chloroplast membrane 5 : Carbon is a part of a three carbon sugar made inside the chloroplast 6 : Carbon is either recycled from a three carbon sugar to a five carbon sugar or it is used to make a six carbon glucose or a 12 carbon sucrose.

Place these events in the correct order starting with the earliest

1 : Visible light is funneled through antenna chlorophyll and carotenoid molecules in photosystem 2Visible light is funneled through antenna chlorophyll and carotenoid molecules in photosystem 2 2 : A Photon of red light at 680 nm activates the photosystem 2 reaction center 3 : An excited electron is passed to plastoquinone and photosystem 2 is oxidized (loses an electron) in the process 4 : Oxidized Photosystem 2 needs a replacement electron and it strips it from a water molecule 5 : Water is split to create oxygen and protons. The protons build up inside the lumen and the oxygen is released 6 : Electron flows through the electron transport chain and arrives at Photosystem 1 at a low energy level 7 : Visible light strikes photosystem 1 and is funneled by antenna chlorophyll and carotenoid molecules 8 : A photon of light at 700nm excites the photosystem 1 reaction center which reexcites the low energy electron 9 : Excited electon is donated by photosystem 1 to NADP+ to make NADPH through the enzyme NADP+ reductase 10 : The stored proton (H+) gradient inside the thylakoid lumen is dissipated by ATP synthase to make ATP

What light setting might the greenhouse manager use?

1000 will provide the light energy for higher rates of photosynthesis than either 600 or 800.

The photosynthesis meter works by measuring the CO2 change after the air has passed over the leaf surface. If the CO2 level in the bag was about 500 ppm, what would be the amount of CO2 in the spent air after passing over the sorghum plant after photosynthesis at the light level of 250 units? (use the green graph)

300 units

The CO2 level in the air supplying the leaf is 350 parts per million (350 ppm). Based on the graphed data, at super high light what was the level of CO2 out?

330 ppm

The CO2 level in the air supplying the leaf is 350 parts per million (350 ppm). Based on the graphed data, at medium light what was the level of CO2 out?

340 ppm

What controls the movement of the excited electrons in the electron transport system?

A collection of proteins with metals that can transfer the excited electrons

H+ ions (protons) are starting to move through the ATP synthase in both the mitochondria (left picture) and in the chloroplast (right picture). The next thing that will happen is...

A phosphate (P) will be bonded to an ADP to make an ATP by using the energy from the moving H+

Light control: Choose which of the processes below do not use light. A. Mineral uptakeB. Sugar translocation in phloemC. PhotosynthesisD. Phototropism (light-responsive growth)E. Photomorphogenesis (light-regulated development)F. Starch synthesis in seedsG. Photoperiodism (telling the time of day and season)H. RespirationI. Seed dormancy

A, B, F, H, I

Which of the following are products of the dark reactions? (check two that apply)

ADP and three carbon sugar

By making the Rubsico enzyme in their bundle sheath cells rather than their mesophylls cells...

ALL of the above are differences between a C4 and a C3 plant.

What are the two energy products made from the light reactions of photosynthesis?

ATP and NADPH

What is the function of the enzyme ATP synthase in the mitochondria?

ATP synthase channels H+ across a membrane and uses released energy to add a phosphate to an ADP.

Since your instructor kept asking you to classify different types of proteins you went through all the lectures and tried to classify all the proteins you could find. Match each protein or pair of proteins below with a category

ATP synthase, rubisco: enzymes zein in the seed endosperm: storage proteins constans: transcription factor chlorophyll A binding protein, plastoquinone binding protein: structural proteins phytochrome: regulatory protein

Does CO2 production by a plant require the plant to have its stomates open?

All of the above are correct statements so CO2 must leave the plant through cell membranes.

What do the numbers P-680 and P-700 refer to with Photosystems 1 and 2

All visible light energy is channeled down 680 and 700 nm respectively by chlorophylls and carotenoids held in the photosystems

Place the pathways in the order in which they take carbon from the atmosphere and return it into the atmosphere One option below is not used. C containing molecule interacts with .... A. enzymes in the Krebs cycle B. enzymes in the Calvin cycle C. enzymes in Glycolysis D. enzymes in electron transport system

BCA

Which process uses metal ions as part of the electron transport process?

Both

This shows a cartoon of the cellular distribution and CO2 molecules (red dots) in a C4 plant during the day.What will be different in a C3 plant compared with this C4 plant?

C3 plants will have more CO2 (red dots) in the air space inside the open stomates because of higher rates of photorespiration.

If C4 and CAM plants are more H2O efficient, why are less than 5% of plants C4 and CAM? Check two true statements below.

C4 plants use additional energy currency to transport, store and fix CO2 whereas C3 plants only use it to fix CO2 and so they only have an advantage in hot conditions. CAM metabolism is not very productive (grow slowly) so CAM plants can only compete where most other plants cannot grow.

CAM photosynthesis has what difference when compared to BOTH C4 and C3 photosynthesis?

CAM plant divide the photosynthesis process into a part that happens at night and a part that happens during the day.

A sugar beet plant is under water stress and this causes the rate of photosynthesis to drop. The reason for this drop in photosynthesis rate is...

CO2 is not available for the Rubisco enzyme

Which would be decreasing in the air outside the leaf as photosynthesis increases inside the leaf?

CO2 levels

Which would be the most productive?

Corn plants on a sunny June day of 80°F

Which of the outside environments represented below would be the greenest in color in January? (Note: Y-axis is the level of Rubisco.)

Environment B

Match each term to one description: transcription, photosynthesis, photoperiodism, translation, phototropism, and photomorphogenesis Match Question Items Answer Items

Etioplasts changing into chloroplast in the leaf : Photomorphogenesis Vine growing toward the light : Phototropism Penstemon plants flowering in short days : Photoperiodism Leaf making sugar : Photosynthesis CAB gene getting copied to a mRNA : Transcription CAB mRNA being read to make CAB protein : Translation

The photo systems 1 and 2 have central chlorophyll molecules which receive light at exactly 680 and 700 nanometers. With this in mind, what role do the antenna chlorophylls and the carotenoid pigments play in the photosystems?

Funnel all wavelengths of the visible spectrum to the reaction centers

A scientist conducted an experiment on corn. The dry weight of 20 seeds was 7.3 grams. Two weeks later, the dry weight of the 20 corn plants that grew from these seeds was 5.9 grams. The experiment continued for four more weeks and the conditions from weeks 2-6 allowed photosynthesis rates to exceed respiration rates in the seedling. Which graph would represent the data collect from this experiment?

Graph 4

LED lights used in this apparatus generate very little heat compared with other sources of light. Why does that create a better instrument to measure photosynthesis in response to light?

Higher heat would raise the rate of respiration in the leaf which will reduce the rate of photosynthesis measured.

Select the one process in which anaerobic respiration (fermentation) is the least involved

Leg muscles of a marathon runner

What is the source of energy that gets the e- (electron) excited so it can move in the electron transport chain shown below?

Light

Pr is Phytochrome red which is converted to Phytochrome far red (the darker red hexagon pictured below) when struck by red photons of light. The cell shown in the picture below must have been a part of a plant that was living in a ...

Long day since most of the phytochrome is in the Pfr form.

If the above leaf was exposed to increased temperature, what would be one consequence

Mesophyll cells would photorespire more which would increase the CO2 concentration in the leaf air space

Which of the following are products of the light reactions? (check three that apply)

NADPH ATP and oxygen

What is the Photosynthesis Rate at 1000 light units (remember: too much light can be a bad thing?

Not able to predict

What is the Photosynthesis Rate at 600 light units? (bar graph)

Not able to predict

Grape plant and sugar beet plant productivity depends on many factors. Which of the following affect plant productivity?

Only two of the above.

A plant growing in the dark produces leaves but the leaves are yellow and do not fully expand. When these plants are moved into the light, the leaves expand and turn green. The change in appearance is what kind of growth response?

Photomorphogenesis

The "biologically active" Pfr form is mostly in the cell nucleus where it activates genes that control seed germination, leaf expansion, chloroplast development and stem elongation. These processes can be described as:

Photomorphogenesis

Plants on your desk grow towards the window, the only source of light in the room. These plants are demonstrating what type of growth response?

Phototropism

A scientist conducted an experiment on corn. The dry weight of 20 corn seeds was 7.3 grams. Two weeks later, the dry weight of the plants that developed from those seeds was 5.9 grams. The reason for this result is......

Respiration exceeded photosynthesis

Check the two true statements.

Rubisco enzyme is found in the Bundle sheath cells of C4 plants. There is less photorespiration in C4 plants compared with C3 plants because the bundle sheath cells are not right next to the O2 in the sub-stomatal space.

Chlorophyll A binding protein is an example of what type of protein?

Structural protein

When a biologist writes the chemical equation below to summarize photosynthesis, what part of the chemical equation involves the light reactions? Summary Equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12 O6 + 6O2

The 6 H2O and the 6O2

You are going to landscape your yard with the plants shown below. You have one area that you plan to water regularly; one area that is very hot and sunny, but will not get watered; and a patio where you will have planters that you may or may not remember to water. Which of these plants would you put in each area?

The C3 plant would go in area that you plan to water; the C4 plant would go in the hot, sunny location; and the CAM plant would go on the patio since you might not remember to water it.

6CO2 + 6H2O ---> 6O2 + C6H12O6 Which parts of the overall photosynthesis summary above would be a part of the dark reactions?

The CO2 on the left and the C6H12 O6 on the right

The plant scientist uses a special photosynthesis response instrument on a cactus plant growing on a Sandhills Ranch. This plant has the CAM style of photosynthesis. Based on the results of the experiment, the correct statement below is...

The Cactus plant is perfoming the CO2 uptake part of photosynthesis under 0 light because it opens its stomates in the dark.

The green color we are seeing leaving the leaves of many of our Lincoln trees is from a loss of chlorophyll. This color change will have what impact on photosynthesis in these yellow and red leaves compared with the green leaves?

The color change from green to yellow/red will reduce the light reactions which will then slow the dark reactions.

In the picture shown, translation is the term that describes which process

The genetic code of the RNA being read to make a polymer of amino acids

Assume that the graph below was made from data that measures plant response to an LED light that does not make the leaf hotter as the light intensity increases. What would the graph look like if a light source was used that increased the leaf temperature as the light intensity level increased?

The graph would start at the same reading in 0 light (-5) but then would be lower at each of the light levels and even start to go down at the higher light intensity levels (past 700) as the leaf got hotter.

If the protein being made on the ribosome was a transcription factor (not a structural protein like CAB), where would be its final destination?

The nucleus

Which color line shows a plant that has not reached its light saturation points under the photosynthesis conditions?

The orange line with diamond data points

Many proteins of different types and in various quantities are required to assemble a photosynthetically active chloroplast. How does the mesophyll cell obtain these proteins?

The plant has information stored in the genes that are found on chromosomes in the nucleus. This information is used to build the proteins in a multi-step process.

Based on the picture below, what will happen next and why will it happen?

The plant will NOT begin to flower but instead grow longer in the vegetative stage because Constans protein is blocked from entering the nucleus. Constans protein is a transcription factor.

A scientist conducted an experiment on corn. The dry weight of 20 seeds was 7.3 grams. Two weeks later, the dry weight of the 20 corn plants that grew from these seeds was 5.9 grams. Therefore....

The plants grew but growth was a development of new structures, not a gain in mass or weight

Pr is changed to Pfr in high light/long days. Select the true statement

The ratio of Pfr to Pr determines how the plant responds

How do the reactions that take place in the electron transport system shown below help a plant photosynthesize?

The reactions use light energy to excite electrons, split water and eventually make NADPH and ATP to power separate carbon fixation reaction.

What are the conditions(s) that would decrease the extent that Rubisco will perform photorespiration?

The rubisco enzyme is in a cell that had no or very little O2.

Why does the constans protein perform a different function than the flower inducing protein?

The sequence or order of amino acids is different in the two proteins which impact their structure, location and function.

Check the two correct statements about the Rubisco enzyme, the five carbon RuBP molecule and CO2 shown below.

These are part of the dark/carbon reactions. Rubisco can bind with CO2 and carboxylate RuBP (add carbon to it)

How does the chloroplast maintain its supply of five carbon ribulose sugars that are needed in the Calvin cycle?

These are recycled from three carbon molecules using the ATP and NADPH energy from the light reactions.

How could sweet molecules (sugars) be found in grapes or in sugar beet roots if these parts of the plant did not photosynthesize?

Translocation of carbohydrates from the leaf through the phloem.

What is the light compensation point for the sorghum plant in our experiment based on the data below? green = sorghum

about 10 light units

The pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria and are part of the Krebs (citric acid) cycle. During this cycle...

all of the above are processes that happen in the mitochondria that are part of the Krebs cycle.

The process of respiration....

all of the above are true.

In the glycolysis process of respiration, what happens?

all three of the above happen during glycolysis.

On short spring days...

annual plants need to grow vegetatively, build storage capabilities before flowering and producing fruit and seed.

What is the light saturation point for the sorghum (green triangle points )?

around 600 light units

A greenhouse manager conducts a photosynthesis response experiment on the tomato plants they are growing and obtain the data shown. If they want to maximize tomato plant growth what is the lowest light level they could use in their greenhouse?

at least 1200

Place these processes in the correct order starting with the earliest: a. The protein is transported to its final cellular destination to perform its function. b. A transcription factor binds to a gene promoter and switches on a gene. c. The ribosome(s) read(s) the mRNA in the cytoplasm and make(s) a polymer of amino acids. d. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to one or several ribosomes in the cytoplasm. e. The information in the gene is converted to a mRNA by a process called transcription.

b, e, d, c, a

A student conducted an experiment to test a peanut plant seed and seedling's response to a dark growing environment. Plants on the left were grown in the light, plants on the right in the dark. The temperature was the same in the light compared with the dark environment. Select the best summary about the processes of transpiration, translocation, respiration and photosynthesis in these plants.

b. Translocation: light and dark plants did this Transpiration: light plants more than dark plants Respiration: light and dark plants both did this Photosynthesis: light plants only

In respiration, why is electron transport also known as "oxidative phosphorylation". Select 2 answers

because oxygen is required to act as the 'terminal electron acceptor' at the end of the chain. because ADP is phosphorylated to make ATP

Which of the corn plants in the picture will be less productive?

both 'b' and 'c' above are possibly less productive.

Which process requires lots of Nitrogen for its proteins?

both but definitly not neither

Which process is absolutely dependent on sealed membrane compartments?

both chloroplast and mitochondrial electron transport.

When plant cells respire they....

both of the above

Glycolysis is the first part of respiration and it...

breaks apart sugar in the cytoplasm to make some ATP and a small amount of pyruvate

Below are five things that could happen to a carbon atom AFTER you drink your morning grape juice. Place them in the correct order.a. CO2 enters a mesophyll cell of a grape leaf.b. A three carbon molecule is made which is used to make a sugar molecule.c. A sugar is respired and a CO2 is released into the air.d. A CO2 passes through an open stomate in a grape leaf.e. A CO2 encounters Rubisco enzyme.

c d a e b

If you designed an instrument that would surround a leaf on a plant and measure photosynthesis, the instrument could be designed to measure what in the air outside of the leaf?

change in CO2 or in O2 levels

Plants need to read signals from the environment in order to schedule their growth and development. What environmental factor would be the most reliable for a plant to measure to determine the growing season?

change in day length

Where do the dark reactions occur?

chloroplast stroma

Which process uses water as the electron donor?

electron transport in the chloroplast

Which process uses oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor?

electron transport in the mitochondria

ATP is used for energizing the reduction and regeneration steps of the Calvin cycle. What happens to ATP during the process?

gives off just one phosphate to make it an ADP which is recycled to the light reactions to again make it an ATP.

The best description of what Rubisco will do in the Calvin cycle or dark reactions is...

grab one CO2 and add it to a 5 carbon molecule that the plant already has, to make two three carbon molecules.

The cell below is a leaf mesophyll cell engaged in photosynthesis and respiration. Where would the 3 carbon pyruvate molecules made in glycolysis go next ?

into the mitochondria

The energy generated from respiration...

is used to power many other kinds of reactions in the plant cell.

A greenhouse recently said, "Sometimes our greenhouse tomatoes just stop growing." What might be limiting the growth of the tomatoes in the giant, 150-acre greenhouse that is optimized for N, P and all other nutrients?

it could be light or CO2

Pr is Phytochrome red which is converted to Phytochrome far red (the darker red hexagon pictured below) when struck by red photons of light. The cell shown in the picture below must have been a part of a plant that was living in a...

long day since most of the phytochrome is in the Pfr form

It takes many sugar beet seeds to weigh about the same as a dime. One seed can make a plant that produces a root with 3 pounds of sugar stored in the root cells. The change in the weight of carbon from the seed to the root would be from...

more CO2 being used by the plant in photosynthesis than the weight of sugar being used by the plant in respiration.

What will happen next to all of the 3 carbon PGA molecules that have just been made in the chloroplast?

most of them get recycled into five carbon Rubisco right inside the chloroplast.

This is a summary diagram of respiration. In the absence of oxygen,

oxidatative phosphorylation and Citric acid cycle grind to a halt, but glycolysis can continue temporarily to generate a little bit of ATP

What chemical process does the crabgrass minimize to be more efficient in the heat?

photorespiration

The instrument shown below is being used to measure . . .

photosynthesis minus respiration

You perform an experiment using irrigation on sugar beets and get the result below.(sugar beet yield is the Y axis in the graph) The best explanation for the relationship of irrigation water to sugar beet yield is...

plants that got only 5 cm of irrigation water ran out of the CO2 they needed for the dark reactions. Those that got 40 cm did not run low on CO2 for the dark reactions.

What is the function of the water molecule in the light reactions?

provides a replacement electron for photosystem 2 and generates H+ and O2

In high light, Pr is converted to Pfr by...

red light

The instrument shown below has a sensor that detects changes in CO2 in the air just above the soil. What is being measured by this instrument?

respiration of the soil bacteria and the plant roots

Chlorophyll A binding (CAB) protein has the function of binding to chlorophyll, inserting into the thylakoid membrane and capturing light energy. What category of protein is CAB?

structural protein

The purpose of the Calvin Cycle or dark reactions (pictured below) is to...

take inorganic carbon that is in the form of CO2 and fix this into organic carbon in the form of sugar.

A difference between C3 and C4 photosynthesis is...

the C3 plant has a higher rate of photorespiration (red arrow) than the C4 plant.

It is a hot August day and a C4 plant and a C3 plant are living next to each other in the same prairie. On this hot day...

the C4 plant will be able to photosynthesize at a higher rate than the C3 plant so it will be more productive.

What is the next step after transcription of the CONSTANS (CO) gene?

the CO mRNA that has just been made leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm

CO2 has just entered a mesophyll cell and then entered a chloroplast inside that cell. What will happen next in the photosynthesis process?

the Rubisco enzyme will grab this CO2 and combine it with a 5 carbon sugar that is already in the chloroplast.

You decide to measure photosynthesis rates in your C3 grape plants and obtain the results shown below. If you repeated the experiment on your neighbors corn plants which are C4 plants ...

the corn photosynthesis line will continue to rise higher than the grape level and perhaps not hit the light saturation point until even higher levels of light are used.

Predict the phenotype (trait) of a plant that has a mutation in the CO gene so it cannot encode the normal CO protein.

the plant cannot produce flowers

Amino acids are found in the cytoplasm. Where does the plant 'get' its amino acids?

the plant is fertilized with smaller molecules such as NO3- but this N fertilizer provides the plant with the N it needs to BUILD all of the amino acids needed for proteins

It is possible for both respiration and photosynthesis to take place in the same part of the cell because . . .

the plant uses enzymes to control specific reactions that are part of specific pathways. Many pathways use the same materials and energy molecules, but enzymes can keep control of the pathways.

The reason the Calvin cycle is also called the 'dark' reaction is...

the reactions do not need to happen in the light but they can happen in the light.

The reason why OVER watering a plant can slow its growth is because...

the roots need access to O2 for respiration. Water saturated soil has less O2.

Based on our experiment, we would predict that.... green = sorghum yellow = sunflower

the sorghum has the capacity to photosynthesize at a higher rate than the sunflower on a very sunny day.

During very hot days, respiration increases and photosynthesis slows. The impact of very hot days is...

to decrease plant productivity.

In the image, in which process is the RNA is made

transcription

What is the process of reading RNA and making protein?

translation

The data shown is the photosynthesis rate response of tomato plants in a greenhouse. The green and the blue data points were collected on different tomato plants on different days. What is the difference in the greenhouse when the blue line data was collected compared with the green data points?

warmer

Chlorophyll will send light energy it captures to the electron (red e in the diagram) which will excite it and it will move. What happens next?

water is split which donates a new electron and generate H+ and O.