Plants

What do the terms, "Samara" "Capsules" "Pod" "Achene" have in common?

fruit

Plant cells and animal cells both have _____. (Select all that apply.)

cytoplasm a plasma membrane a nucleus vacuoles

A plant cell can randomly ____________ transfer substances between its internal and external environment.

selectively

Although the following term is actually obsolete and somewhat misleading, the cell may still be referred to as a

simple cell

Cells are analogous to a chemical factory. They utilize energy to _____.

synthesize and decompose organic substances

A concentration of the nucleic acid RNA, which is important in carrying chemical messages to other bodies in the cytoplasm.

nucleolus

A smaller, darker body found in the nucleus; contains a concentration of RNA; associated with message transfer to the cytoplasm and cell division.

nucleolus

A flower part; the outermost ring of leaflike appendages of a flower; often green or inconspicuous, outside the petals.

sepal

A flower part; a ring of pollen-producing appendages of a flower; inside the petals, but outside the carpels.

stamen

A propagation method known as ______ has shown that one individual cell has the potential to develop into a whole plant.

tissue culture

The most common plant cell, found in practically all parts of the plant body; important for food production, food storage, lateral transport, and other life processes; an almost round cell in some tissues.

parenchyma

A flower part; the ring of leaflike appendages occurring inside the sepals, but outside the stamens.

petal

The food-conducting tissue of a plant's vascular or transport system.

phloem

The basic food produced by a plant is:

produced by chloroplasts

The organic substance making up the cells of all living things.

protoplasm

The protoplasmic unit of a cell, usually made up of a nucleus and cytoplasm.

protoplast

A group of similar cells (simple tissue), or unlike cells with a specialized common function (complex tissue).

tissue

A plant chloroplast is a plastid.

true

The roots of a plant absorb nutrients from the soil.

true

Vacuoles are reservoirs in plant cells that help maintain water balance.

true

Cactus spines are modified

leaves

A protein and fat structure serving as a covering and enclosure for cells.

membrane

(Select all that apply.) Choose the five substances that can be found in the cell vacuoles.

minerals sugars calcium oxalate anthocyanins dissolved proteins

A feature of plants that gives shape and texture and provides support.

cell wall

Major segments of DNA during cell division.

chromosomes

A system of membranes that appears to be a factory for life processes and a cell communication system for chemical messages.

endoplasmic reticulum

The capacity to do or perform work.

energy

The outermost layer of plant cells or tissue, providing a covering for the plant body.

epidermis

The protoplast consists of:

everything inside the cell membrane

A chloroplast consists solely of a football shaped container of chlorophyll.

false

Photosynthesis takes place solely in the leaves of green plants.

false

Ribosomes are made of RNA.

false

The construction of the cell walls of all plants is similar.

false

What type of general classification is a xerophyte?

ecological

Two main functions of leaves are photosynthesis and _____.

gas exchange

Inherited physical traits are directly related to:

genes

Flattened membrane sacs and tubes that are believed to be centers for collecting and packaging cell structures and enzymes.

golgi bodies

Identify which plastid belongs to each color.

green: chloroplasts orange: Chromoplasts Colorless: leucoplasts

The specific pattern of flower arrangement of a plant.

inflorescence

Clusters of flowers are called:

inflorescences

The number of chromosomes within each species of plant or animal:

is constant

Rod-shaped structures scattered throughout the cytoplasm that are involved with energy release.

mitochondria

The tiny rod-shaped cell bodies where aerobic respiration occurs; the cell powerhouses.

mitochondria

The outward shape and appearance of a plant represents its

morphology

A plant cell of a long fiber type or variable sclereid type; important in plant body support; may be part of xylem or phloem tissues.

sclerenchyma

About how many cells does the human body contain?

30(10^12)

A cell is:

Basic unit of life

(deoxyribonucleic acid). The chemical structure of genes which control inheritance.

DNA

Chemical messages originate from:

DNA

(ribonucleic acid). A chemical important in taking blueprint messages from DNA of the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis instructions.

RNA

Oblong cells with unevenly thickened walls for support in young stems.

collenchyma

A mass of cells with more than one cell type makes up a

complex tissue

ATP is a

a product of decomposition of food molecules chemical associated with mitochondria a form of chemical energy

The root system which helps stabilize soil from erosion is the _________ root system

advantitous

Two main functions of roots are the conduction of water and minerals and

anchoring of the plant

When was the "cell" first identified and named?

approximately 350 years ago

All of the following are part of a plants organizational structure except:

atoms

All the organic substances located between the nucleus and cell membrane; one location of mitochondria, chloroplast, and other tiny bodies.

cytoplasm

What cell part is described below The organic materials between the membrane and nucleus, which contains a variety of tiny bodies, or organelles.

cytoplasm

Why is a cell analogous to an engineered watch?

because it consists of numerous interdependent subunits because coded information cannot arise from random processes

A leaflike part of the flower where seeds are produced.

carpel

The basic building block of all forms of life.

cell

The rigid wall of plant cells that surrounds the cell membrane.

cell wall

A remarkable fact about cells is:

cells are very different, yet have similar properties

The material which provides rigidity to cell walls is called

cellulose

Green, football-shaped plastids that carry out the life-support system of photosynthesis.

chloroplast

The tiny body that contains chlorophyll; photosynthesis takes place in this part of the cell.

chloroplast

The threadlike bodies apparent in the nucleus during certain phases of cell division; carries the genes or inheritance units of a cell; segments of DNA molecules.

chromosome

(Select all that apply.) Choose the operations conducted by the "cell factory."

duplicate itself interpret coded information selective exchange perform maintenance decompose chemicals synthesize chemicals convert energy

The protoplasm and cytoplasm of a plant are interchangeable terms.

false

The matured ovary of a plant is a:

fruit

(pl. nuclei). The protoplasmic substance separate from the cytoplasm; the cell headquarters or information center; location of DNA and RNA; bodies found in the nucleus are chromosomes and the nucleolus.

nucleus

The cell headquarters and inheritance; controls and orders the activities of the cell.

nucleus

No lifeform, whether human or animal, could exist on the earth without the process of cell ____________ which is unique to plants.

photosynthesis

Robert Hooke was an English _________ who was the first man to describe plant cells.

physicist

A ______________ cell has a cell wall and a water vacuole to help maintain a rigid structure.

plant

The transfer of information from the nucleus to organelles is accomplished by:

ribonucleic acid

The tiny, dot-like bodies in the cytoplasm or part of the endoplasmic reticulum; important in protein synthesis.

ribosome

Two main functions of stems are the support of the plant body and _____.

the conduction of food, water and minerals

The total energy production of a mitochondrion is enhanced by:

the large internal surface area

The two main functions of the Golgi body are _____. Select all that may apply.

to collect and package cell building materials and enzymes secrete and store high-energy compounds

An entirely new plant can sometimes be generated from a few cells.

true

Plant cells convert solar energy into chemical energy.

true

A cell storage body that increases in size with age; included within, but not a part of the cytoplasm; storage materials are often water and poisonous by-products of cell activities.

vacuole

The water and mineral conducting tissue of a plant's vascular or transport system.

xylem

The two basic types of root systems are _____.

☆Taproot ☆fibrous