Plants
What do the terms, "Samara" "Capsules" "Pod" "Achene" have in common?
fruit
Plant cells and animal cells both have _____. (Select all that apply.)
cytoplasm a plasma membrane a nucleus vacuoles
A plant cell can randomly ____________ transfer substances between its internal and external environment.
selectively
Although the following term is actually obsolete and somewhat misleading, the cell may still be referred to as a
simple cell
Cells are analogous to a chemical factory. They utilize energy to _____.
synthesize and decompose organic substances
A concentration of the nucleic acid RNA, which is important in carrying chemical messages to other bodies in the cytoplasm.
nucleolus
A smaller, darker body found in the nucleus; contains a concentration of RNA; associated with message transfer to the cytoplasm and cell division.
nucleolus
A flower part; the outermost ring of leaflike appendages of a flower; often green or inconspicuous, outside the petals.
sepal
A flower part; a ring of pollen-producing appendages of a flower; inside the petals, but outside the carpels.
stamen
A propagation method known as ______ has shown that one individual cell has the potential to develop into a whole plant.
tissue culture
The most common plant cell, found in practically all parts of the plant body; important for food production, food storage, lateral transport, and other life processes; an almost round cell in some tissues.
parenchyma
A flower part; the ring of leaflike appendages occurring inside the sepals, but outside the stamens.
petal
The food-conducting tissue of a plant's vascular or transport system.
phloem
The basic food produced by a plant is:
produced by chloroplasts
The organic substance making up the cells of all living things.
protoplasm
The protoplasmic unit of a cell, usually made up of a nucleus and cytoplasm.
protoplast
A group of similar cells (simple tissue), or unlike cells with a specialized common function (complex tissue).
tissue
A plant chloroplast is a plastid.
true
The roots of a plant absorb nutrients from the soil.
true
Vacuoles are reservoirs in plant cells that help maintain water balance.
true
Cactus spines are modified
leaves
A protein and fat structure serving as a covering and enclosure for cells.
membrane
(Select all that apply.) Choose the five substances that can be found in the cell vacuoles.
minerals sugars calcium oxalate anthocyanins dissolved proteins
A feature of plants that gives shape and texture and provides support.
cell wall
Major segments of DNA during cell division.
chromosomes
A system of membranes that appears to be a factory for life processes and a cell communication system for chemical messages.
endoplasmic reticulum
The capacity to do or perform work.
energy
The outermost layer of plant cells or tissue, providing a covering for the plant body.
epidermis
The protoplast consists of:
everything inside the cell membrane
A chloroplast consists solely of a football shaped container of chlorophyll.
false
Photosynthesis takes place solely in the leaves of green plants.
false
Ribosomes are made of RNA.
false
The construction of the cell walls of all plants is similar.
false
What type of general classification is a xerophyte?
ecological
Two main functions of leaves are photosynthesis and _____.
gas exchange
Inherited physical traits are directly related to:
genes
Flattened membrane sacs and tubes that are believed to be centers for collecting and packaging cell structures and enzymes.
golgi bodies
Identify which plastid belongs to each color.
green: chloroplasts orange: Chromoplasts Colorless: leucoplasts
The specific pattern of flower arrangement of a plant.
inflorescence
Clusters of flowers are called:
inflorescences
The number of chromosomes within each species of plant or animal:
is constant
Rod-shaped structures scattered throughout the cytoplasm that are involved with energy release.
mitochondria
The tiny rod-shaped cell bodies where aerobic respiration occurs; the cell powerhouses.
mitochondria
The outward shape and appearance of a plant represents its
morphology
A plant cell of a long fiber type or variable sclereid type; important in plant body support; may be part of xylem or phloem tissues.
sclerenchyma
About how many cells does the human body contain?
30(10^12)
A cell is:
Basic unit of life
(deoxyribonucleic acid). The chemical structure of genes which control inheritance.
DNA
Chemical messages originate from:
DNA
(ribonucleic acid). A chemical important in taking blueprint messages from DNA of the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis instructions.
RNA
Oblong cells with unevenly thickened walls for support in young stems.
collenchyma
A mass of cells with more than one cell type makes up a
complex tissue
ATP is a
a product of decomposition of food molecules chemical associated with mitochondria a form of chemical energy
The root system which helps stabilize soil from erosion is the _________ root system
advantitous
Two main functions of roots are the conduction of water and minerals and
anchoring of the plant
When was the "cell" first identified and named?
approximately 350 years ago
All of the following are part of a plants organizational structure except:
atoms
All the organic substances located between the nucleus and cell membrane; one location of mitochondria, chloroplast, and other tiny bodies.
cytoplasm
What cell part is described below The organic materials between the membrane and nucleus, which contains a variety of tiny bodies, or organelles.
cytoplasm
Why is a cell analogous to an engineered watch?
because it consists of numerous interdependent subunits because coded information cannot arise from random processes
A leaflike part of the flower where seeds are produced.
carpel
The basic building block of all forms of life.
cell
The rigid wall of plant cells that surrounds the cell membrane.
cell wall
A remarkable fact about cells is:
cells are very different, yet have similar properties
The material which provides rigidity to cell walls is called
cellulose
Green, football-shaped plastids that carry out the life-support system of photosynthesis.
chloroplast
The tiny body that contains chlorophyll; photosynthesis takes place in this part of the cell.
chloroplast
The threadlike bodies apparent in the nucleus during certain phases of cell division; carries the genes or inheritance units of a cell; segments of DNA molecules.
chromosome
(Select all that apply.) Choose the operations conducted by the "cell factory."
duplicate itself interpret coded information selective exchange perform maintenance decompose chemicals synthesize chemicals convert energy
The protoplasm and cytoplasm of a plant are interchangeable terms.
false
The matured ovary of a plant is a:
fruit
(pl. nuclei). The protoplasmic substance separate from the cytoplasm; the cell headquarters or information center; location of DNA and RNA; bodies found in the nucleus are chromosomes and the nucleolus.
nucleus
The cell headquarters and inheritance; controls and orders the activities of the cell.
nucleus
No lifeform, whether human or animal, could exist on the earth without the process of cell ____________ which is unique to plants.
photosynthesis
Robert Hooke was an English _________ who was the first man to describe plant cells.
physicist
A ______________ cell has a cell wall and a water vacuole to help maintain a rigid structure.
plant
The transfer of information from the nucleus to organelles is accomplished by:
ribonucleic acid
The tiny, dot-like bodies in the cytoplasm or part of the endoplasmic reticulum; important in protein synthesis.
ribosome
Two main functions of stems are the support of the plant body and _____.
the conduction of food, water and minerals
The total energy production of a mitochondrion is enhanced by:
the large internal surface area
The two main functions of the Golgi body are _____. Select all that may apply.
to collect and package cell building materials and enzymes secrete and store high-energy compounds
An entirely new plant can sometimes be generated from a few cells.
true
Plant cells convert solar energy into chemical energy.
true
A cell storage body that increases in size with age; included within, but not a part of the cytoplasm; storage materials are often water and poisonous by-products of cell activities.
vacuole
The water and mineral conducting tissue of a plant's vascular or transport system.
xylem
The two basic types of root systems are _____.
☆Taproot ☆fibrous