PLS 212 EXAM 1 Terms

BJP

India/Pakistan: Bharatiya Janata Party

Imran Khan

India/Pakistan: Current PM of Pakistan

Hindutva

India/Pakistan: Hindu nationalist movements in India. It is a way of showing how well a person can follow the teachings of Hinduism

Lok Sabha

India/Pakistan: Known as the House of the People. it is a lower house in India's parliament

Jammu / Kashmir

India/Pakistan: a region north of Punjab that was administered by India as a union territory until 2019. they were given special provisions for autonomy under Article 370

Narendra Modi

India/Pakistan: indian politician serving as the 14th and current PM of India since 2014

Hindus

India/Pakistan: people who are culturally/religious affiliated with Hinduism. this religion was founded in 500 BC and has over a billion followers

Partition

India/Pakistan: refers to the partition of India in 1947. The partition divided British India into the Union of India and Union of Pakistan. The partition attempted to divide the country along religious lines, between Hindus (India) and Muslims (Pakistan).

Proxy war

N Korea: North Korea is backed by China / Russia while South Korea is backed by the UN / US. This is called a ____________ (2 words)

strategic patience

N Korea: Obama administration worked with China & Russia to push for more international sanctions, covertly sabotage North Korea's missiles, provide defense systems to North Korea's neighbors, and call on China's leaders to do more to pressure Kim.

Axis of Evil

N Korea: President Bush put N Korea in this category at his address. This refers to the a group of states that sponsor terrorism and seek weapons of mass destruction

IAEA

N Korea: The organization that is trying to promote peaceful use of nuclear energy.

1994 Agreed Framework

N Korea: US Secretary of State Albright & N Korean leader Kim Jung-Il agreed to US help w/ nuclear energy development in exchange for NK to end its nuclear weapons program; N Korea violated the framework. It would allow IAEA to have ad hoc and routine inspections.

Sunshine policy

N Korea: a policy designed by South Korea to soften North Korea's attitude toward them. It didn't work

DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)

N Korea: a small strip of land between N / S Korea which acts as a form of barrier. It is 160 miles long and 2.5 miles wide

Kim Jong Un

N Korea: the current leader of North Korea.

Hermit Kingdom

N Korea:devastated by Japanese and Manchu invasions Korea decided to isolate themselves from the rest of the world except for China and some of Japan. (any country that isolates itself from the world)

6 party talks

N. Korea: 2003-2008; meetings with North Korea, South Korea, China, USA, USSR, and Japan to find a resolution to security concerns about North Korea's nuclear program.

loyalty

PMC: Cons of PMC - questions of ??? - reduce number of enlisted - hides true cost of war - fundamental questions on profitability

enlisted

PMC: Cons of PMC - questions of sovereignty and loyalty - reduce number of ??? - hides true cost of war - fundamental questions on profitability

cost

PMC: Cons of PMC - questions of sovereignty and loyalty - reduce number of enlisted - hides true ??? of war - fundamental questions on profitability

profitability

PMC: Cons of being a PMC - questions of sovereignty and loyalty - reduce number of enlisted - hides true cost of war - fundamental questions on ????

market

PMC: Pros of PMC - ??? efficiency - avoids draft - allows military to focus on core mission - reduces political risk - casualties have lower political implications

draft

PMC: Pros of PMC - market efficiency - avoids ??? - allows military to focus on core mission - reduces political risk - casualties have lower political implicationa

mission

PMC: Pros of PMC - market efficiency - avoids draft - allows military to focus on ??? - reduces political risk - casualties have lower political implications

political

PMC: Pros of PMC - market efficiency - avoids draft - allows military to focus on core mission - reduces ??? risk - casualties have lower political implications

casualties

PMC: Pros of PMC - market efficiency - avoids draft - allows military to focus on core mission - reduces political risk - ??? have lower political implications

PMC

PMC: US PMCs increasing worldwide; US and non-US citizens; stateside and OCONUS; unregulated/tracked actions overseas when certain types of gov't contractors act as a mercenary in war

Erik Prince

PMC: an American businessman, former U.S. Navy SEAL officer, and the founder of the government services and security company Blackwater USA, now called Academi. He served as Blackwater's CEO until 2009 and as its chairman until its sale to a group of investors in 2010.

blackwater

PMC: an American private military company founded in 1997 by former Navy SEAL officer Erik Prince as Blackwater, renamed as Xe Services in 2009 and known as Academi since 2011 after the company was acquired by a group of private investors.

accountability issue

PMC: often contractor deaths are not included in death tolls, not normally included in "official troops" tallies, no military court martial process, no criminal jurisdiction, & "No soldiers left in Iraq" (10,000 contractors). This makes them an __ __

US contractor

PMC: which class of people has higher pay than military: US contractor/subcontractor Non-US contractor/subcontractor

Non-US contractor

PMC: which class of people has lower pay than military: US contractor/subcontractor Non-US contractor/subcontractor

no

are the foreign objectives mutually exclusive? (yes/no)

security

foreign objectives: - ??? - humanitarian - ideology - domestic economic

humanitarian

foreign objectives: - security - ??? - ideology - domestic economic

ideology

foreign objectives: - security - humanitarian - ??? - domestic economic

domestic economic

foreign objectives: - security - humanitarian - ideology - ??? (2 words)

global movement

4 levels of analysis: - ??? (2 words) - state vs state (external) - domestic (internal) - individuals (leaders)

state vs state

4 levels of analysis: - global movement (macro economic) - ??? (3 words) - domestic (internal) - individuals (leaders)

domestic

4 levels of analysis: - global movement (macro economic) - state vs state (external) - ??? - individuals (leaders)

individuals

4 levels of analysis: - global movement (macro economic) - state vs state (external) - domestic (internal) - ???

nation-to-nation

4 levels of analysis: ex: US puts tariffs on China, refugees move from Syria to Britain, creating an alliance, Iraq tells US to get troops out of Iraq, etc.

Individual leaders

4 levels of analysis: ex: president, secretary of state, their personality & background, etc.

global level

4 levels of analysis: ex: telecommunications, economic globalization, cultural/religious movement, etc. -NOT limited to one country or state

domestic considerations

4 levels of analysis: ex: what ppl have an interest in US?, what would happen to the ppl in the US?, interest groups, businesses, media, ethnic groups, humanitarian, public opinion, etc. -Jewish/Evangelical have interests in keeping peace w/ Israel -What's going on in US can affect USFP (US Foreign Policy)

King Leopold II

Congo: Belgian king who wanted Congo as his hunting ground. Was cruel and inhumane to natives

Mobutu

Congo: He overthrew Lumumba, the leader of the Congo, and turned him over to his enemy. He renamed the country Zaire, and ruled Congo for 32 years (1965-1997). He used a combination of force, one party rule, and gifts to supporters to run his country.

Zairian Nationalism

Congo: Mobutu renamed the country Zaire. This was a movement to remove christianty / anything to do with colonization

Joseph Kabila

Congo: Son of Laurent Kabila, President of Congo 2001-2019. Accused of corruption, nepotism, & lack of concern for poor Congolese.

causes of poverty

Congo: autocratic dictators, resource curse, conflict, disease

tshisekedi

Congo: current president of Congo. Opponent of Joseph Kabila

Laurent Kabila

Congo: former president of Congo. His family overthrew Mobutu. He rewrote the constitution and was killed by his bodyguard

kleptocracy

Congo: rule by thieves. This is where the leaders of Congo enrich themselves while the rest of the country suffers (a government with corrupt leaders that use their power to exploit the people and natural resources of their own territory in order to extend their personal wealth and political powers.)

proxy war

Congo: the US supported one side and the USSR another during the cold war. over 100k people were killed in the conflict. (a conflict in which two opposing states "fight" by supporting opposite sides in war, such as the government and rebels in a third state)

Neocolonialism

Congo: the continuation of the economic model of imperialism in a former colony. It is a way that the government gains too much power

ebola

Congo: the current epidemic in Congo. The WHO was close to solving it but then opposition rose against it because people thought it was a scam to control them

WHO (world health organization)

Congo: the primary agency working to cure Ebola in congo. The locals don't trust them

Security goals:

Foreign Policy Objectives: ex: attempt to gain, especially strategic areas

economic goals

Foreign Policy Objectives: ex: goal is to boost our own

Ideological Goals

Foreign Policy Objectives: ex: to promote capitalism, democracy, etc. (win hearts & minds)

Humanitarian Goals

Foreign policy objectives: ex: rebuild Japan, Haiti fund, assistance in Africa on AIDS, etc.

Aleppo

Syria: Main battleground of the Free Syrian Army vs Assad. City is completely destroyed. It is in NW Syria

Erdogan

Syria: President ___________ is the current president of Turkey. He views Kurds as terrorists and hates refugees. He has a very checkered past and arrests a lot of media people

Assad

Syria: The corrupt leader of Syria. imprisons/tortures w/o cause

Safe zone

Syria: Turkish offensive to place Syrian Refugees / Kurds in a 18 mile strip of land. It is in the northern part of Syria on the Turkish border

mission creep

Syria: a gradual shift in objectives during course of military campaign, generally resulting in an unplanned long-term commitment

ISIS

Syria: a terrorist group trying to seize territory in Iraq and Syria through extreme terrorism. They justify their tribal laws through the Quaran

kurds

Syria: an ethnic group native to a mountainous region with spans SE turkey, NW Iran, N Iraq, N Syria. They are very hated

Free Syrian Army

Syria: former members of Assad's Army who defected during uprisings and created heir own army to fight the regime

Arab Spring

Syria: series of anti-government protests and armed uprisings in March 2011. started in Aleppo

Al-baghdadi

Syria: the leader of ISIS

Association of SouthEast Asian Nations

The US / Philippines: ASEAN

Marcos

The US / Philippines: Aquino led the revolt that overthrew President _____ in 1986

American

The US / Philippines: Cuba, Peurto Rico, GUam and the Philippines all gained some independence but were under the US sphere of influence

human rights

The US / Philippines: Duterte is known for his ??? (2 words) violations with his war on drugs

away

The US / Philippines: Duterte is responsible for Philippines' pivot ___(away/toward) the US

duterte

The US / Philippines: _____________ is the current president of the Philippines.; won election in 2016 after having been in the city government of Davao City since 1988; is infamous for his reported human rights violations as part of his war on drugs, which was a major feature of his campaign; is responsible for Philippines' current pivot away from the United States toward China and Russia.

Kirkpatrick doctrine

The US / Philippines: refers to the controversial doctrine of former U.S. Ambassador Jeane __ based on her "Dictatorships and Double Standards" essay. The doctrine was used to justify the U.S. supporting a dictatorship if it was on the U.S. side of the Cold War.

Spanish-american war

The US / Philippines: was a series of conflicts between Spanish colonial forces in the Caribbean and Pacific and the United States. The conflict began with the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor in February 1898. Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines all gained some measure of independence, but soon came under the growing U.S. sphere of influence.

Marcos

The US / Philippines: was the 10th president of the Philippines and the founder of the "New Society Movement"; first won election in 1965, but began instituting constitution changes and issuing martial law in 1972; consolidated power until the revolution of 1986 ousted him; was infamous in the Philippines for his excessive lifestyle and friendly relations with U.S. President Ronald Reagan.

Aquino

The US / Philippines: was the 11th president of the Philippines. Aquino was the leader of the "Power People Revolution". She led the government after the assassination of her husband, Benigno __ Jr. She led the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986.