PLS 212 EXAM 1 Terms
BJP
India/Pakistan: Bharatiya Janata Party
Imran Khan
India/Pakistan: Current PM of Pakistan
Hindutva
India/Pakistan: Hindu nationalist movements in India. It is a way of showing how well a person can follow the teachings of Hinduism
Lok Sabha
India/Pakistan: Known as the House of the People. it is a lower house in India's parliament
Jammu / Kashmir
India/Pakistan: a region north of Punjab that was administered by India as a union territory until 2019. they were given special provisions for autonomy under Article 370
Narendra Modi
India/Pakistan: indian politician serving as the 14th and current PM of India since 2014
Hindus
India/Pakistan: people who are culturally/religious affiliated with Hinduism. this religion was founded in 500 BC and has over a billion followers
Partition
India/Pakistan: refers to the partition of India in 1947. The partition divided British India into the Union of India and Union of Pakistan. The partition attempted to divide the country along religious lines, between Hindus (India) and Muslims (Pakistan).
Proxy war
N Korea: North Korea is backed by China / Russia while South Korea is backed by the UN / US. This is called a ____________ (2 words)
strategic patience
N Korea: Obama administration worked with China & Russia to push for more international sanctions, covertly sabotage North Korea's missiles, provide defense systems to North Korea's neighbors, and call on China's leaders to do more to pressure Kim.
Axis of Evil
N Korea: President Bush put N Korea in this category at his address. This refers to the a group of states that sponsor terrorism and seek weapons of mass destruction
IAEA
N Korea: The organization that is trying to promote peaceful use of nuclear energy.
1994 Agreed Framework
N Korea: US Secretary of State Albright & N Korean leader Kim Jung-Il agreed to US help w/ nuclear energy development in exchange for NK to end its nuclear weapons program; N Korea violated the framework. It would allow IAEA to have ad hoc and routine inspections.
Sunshine policy
N Korea: a policy designed by South Korea to soften North Korea's attitude toward them. It didn't work
DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)
N Korea: a small strip of land between N / S Korea which acts as a form of barrier. It is 160 miles long and 2.5 miles wide
Kim Jong Un
N Korea: the current leader of North Korea.
Hermit Kingdom
N Korea:devastated by Japanese and Manchu invasions Korea decided to isolate themselves from the rest of the world except for China and some of Japan. (any country that isolates itself from the world)
6 party talks
N. Korea: 2003-2008; meetings with North Korea, South Korea, China, USA, USSR, and Japan to find a resolution to security concerns about North Korea's nuclear program.
loyalty
PMC: Cons of PMC - questions of ??? - reduce number of enlisted - hides true cost of war - fundamental questions on profitability
enlisted
PMC: Cons of PMC - questions of sovereignty and loyalty - reduce number of ??? - hides true cost of war - fundamental questions on profitability
cost
PMC: Cons of PMC - questions of sovereignty and loyalty - reduce number of enlisted - hides true ??? of war - fundamental questions on profitability
profitability
PMC: Cons of being a PMC - questions of sovereignty and loyalty - reduce number of enlisted - hides true cost of war - fundamental questions on ????
market
PMC: Pros of PMC - ??? efficiency - avoids draft - allows military to focus on core mission - reduces political risk - casualties have lower political implications
draft
PMC: Pros of PMC - market efficiency - avoids ??? - allows military to focus on core mission - reduces political risk - casualties have lower political implicationa
mission
PMC: Pros of PMC - market efficiency - avoids draft - allows military to focus on ??? - reduces political risk - casualties have lower political implications
political
PMC: Pros of PMC - market efficiency - avoids draft - allows military to focus on core mission - reduces ??? risk - casualties have lower political implications
casualties
PMC: Pros of PMC - market efficiency - avoids draft - allows military to focus on core mission - reduces political risk - ??? have lower political implications
PMC
PMC: US PMCs increasing worldwide; US and non-US citizens; stateside and OCONUS; unregulated/tracked actions overseas when certain types of gov't contractors act as a mercenary in war
Erik Prince
PMC: an American businessman, former U.S. Navy SEAL officer, and the founder of the government services and security company Blackwater USA, now called Academi. He served as Blackwater's CEO until 2009 and as its chairman until its sale to a group of investors in 2010.
blackwater
PMC: an American private military company founded in 1997 by former Navy SEAL officer Erik Prince as Blackwater, renamed as Xe Services in 2009 and known as Academi since 2011 after the company was acquired by a group of private investors.
accountability issue
PMC: often contractor deaths are not included in death tolls, not normally included in "official troops" tallies, no military court martial process, no criminal jurisdiction, & "No soldiers left in Iraq" (10,000 contractors). This makes them an __ __
US contractor
PMC: which class of people has higher pay than military: US contractor/subcontractor Non-US contractor/subcontractor
Non-US contractor
PMC: which class of people has lower pay than military: US contractor/subcontractor Non-US contractor/subcontractor
no
are the foreign objectives mutually exclusive? (yes/no)
security
foreign objectives: - ??? - humanitarian - ideology - domestic economic
humanitarian
foreign objectives: - security - ??? - ideology - domestic economic
ideology
foreign objectives: - security - humanitarian - ??? - domestic economic
domestic economic
foreign objectives: - security - humanitarian - ideology - ??? (2 words)
global movement
4 levels of analysis: - ??? (2 words) - state vs state (external) - domestic (internal) - individuals (leaders)
state vs state
4 levels of analysis: - global movement (macro economic) - ??? (3 words) - domestic (internal) - individuals (leaders)
domestic
4 levels of analysis: - global movement (macro economic) - state vs state (external) - ??? - individuals (leaders)
individuals
4 levels of analysis: - global movement (macro economic) - state vs state (external) - domestic (internal) - ???
nation-to-nation
4 levels of analysis: ex: US puts tariffs on China, refugees move from Syria to Britain, creating an alliance, Iraq tells US to get troops out of Iraq, etc.
Individual leaders
4 levels of analysis: ex: president, secretary of state, their personality & background, etc.
global level
4 levels of analysis: ex: telecommunications, economic globalization, cultural/religious movement, etc. -NOT limited to one country or state
domestic considerations
4 levels of analysis: ex: what ppl have an interest in US?, what would happen to the ppl in the US?, interest groups, businesses, media, ethnic groups, humanitarian, public opinion, etc. -Jewish/Evangelical have interests in keeping peace w/ Israel -What's going on in US can affect USFP (US Foreign Policy)
King Leopold II
Congo: Belgian king who wanted Congo as his hunting ground. Was cruel and inhumane to natives
Mobutu
Congo: He overthrew Lumumba, the leader of the Congo, and turned him over to his enemy. He renamed the country Zaire, and ruled Congo for 32 years (1965-1997). He used a combination of force, one party rule, and gifts to supporters to run his country.
Zairian Nationalism
Congo: Mobutu renamed the country Zaire. This was a movement to remove christianty / anything to do with colonization
Joseph Kabila
Congo: Son of Laurent Kabila, President of Congo 2001-2019. Accused of corruption, nepotism, & lack of concern for poor Congolese.
causes of poverty
Congo: autocratic dictators, resource curse, conflict, disease
tshisekedi
Congo: current president of Congo. Opponent of Joseph Kabila
Laurent Kabila
Congo: former president of Congo. His family overthrew Mobutu. He rewrote the constitution and was killed by his bodyguard
kleptocracy
Congo: rule by thieves. This is where the leaders of Congo enrich themselves while the rest of the country suffers (a government with corrupt leaders that use their power to exploit the people and natural resources of their own territory in order to extend their personal wealth and political powers.)
proxy war
Congo: the US supported one side and the USSR another during the cold war. over 100k people were killed in the conflict. (a conflict in which two opposing states "fight" by supporting opposite sides in war, such as the government and rebels in a third state)
Neocolonialism
Congo: the continuation of the economic model of imperialism in a former colony. It is a way that the government gains too much power
ebola
Congo: the current epidemic in Congo. The WHO was close to solving it but then opposition rose against it because people thought it was a scam to control them
WHO (world health organization)
Congo: the primary agency working to cure Ebola in congo. The locals don't trust them
Security goals:
Foreign Policy Objectives: ex: attempt to gain, especially strategic areas
economic goals
Foreign Policy Objectives: ex: goal is to boost our own
Ideological Goals
Foreign Policy Objectives: ex: to promote capitalism, democracy, etc. (win hearts & minds)
Humanitarian Goals
Foreign policy objectives: ex: rebuild Japan, Haiti fund, assistance in Africa on AIDS, etc.
Aleppo
Syria: Main battleground of the Free Syrian Army vs Assad. City is completely destroyed. It is in NW Syria
Erdogan
Syria: President ___________ is the current president of Turkey. He views Kurds as terrorists and hates refugees. He has a very checkered past and arrests a lot of media people
Assad
Syria: The corrupt leader of Syria. imprisons/tortures w/o cause
Safe zone
Syria: Turkish offensive to place Syrian Refugees / Kurds in a 18 mile strip of land. It is in the northern part of Syria on the Turkish border
mission creep
Syria: a gradual shift in objectives during course of military campaign, generally resulting in an unplanned long-term commitment
ISIS
Syria: a terrorist group trying to seize territory in Iraq and Syria through extreme terrorism. They justify their tribal laws through the Quaran
kurds
Syria: an ethnic group native to a mountainous region with spans SE turkey, NW Iran, N Iraq, N Syria. They are very hated
Free Syrian Army
Syria: former members of Assad's Army who defected during uprisings and created heir own army to fight the regime
Arab Spring
Syria: series of anti-government protests and armed uprisings in March 2011. started in Aleppo
Al-baghdadi
Syria: the leader of ISIS
Association of SouthEast Asian Nations
The US / Philippines: ASEAN
Marcos
The US / Philippines: Aquino led the revolt that overthrew President _____ in 1986
American
The US / Philippines: Cuba, Peurto Rico, GUam and the Philippines all gained some independence but were under the US sphere of influence
human rights
The US / Philippines: Duterte is known for his ??? (2 words) violations with his war on drugs
away
The US / Philippines: Duterte is responsible for Philippines' pivot ___(away/toward) the US
duterte
The US / Philippines: _____________ is the current president of the Philippines.; won election in 2016 after having been in the city government of Davao City since 1988; is infamous for his reported human rights violations as part of his war on drugs, which was a major feature of his campaign; is responsible for Philippines' current pivot away from the United States toward China and Russia.
Kirkpatrick doctrine
The US / Philippines: refers to the controversial doctrine of former U.S. Ambassador Jeane __ based on her "Dictatorships and Double Standards" essay. The doctrine was used to justify the U.S. supporting a dictatorship if it was on the U.S. side of the Cold War.
Spanish-american war
The US / Philippines: was a series of conflicts between Spanish colonial forces in the Caribbean and Pacific and the United States. The conflict began with the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor in February 1898. Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines all gained some measure of independence, but soon came under the growing U.S. sphere of influence.
Marcos
The US / Philippines: was the 10th president of the Philippines and the founder of the "New Society Movement"; first won election in 1965, but began instituting constitution changes and issuing martial law in 1972; consolidated power until the revolution of 1986 ousted him; was infamous in the Philippines for his excessive lifestyle and friendly relations with U.S. President Ronald Reagan.
Aquino
The US / Philippines: was the 11th president of the Philippines. Aquino was the leader of the "Power People Revolution". She led the government after the assassination of her husband, Benigno __ Jr. She led the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986.