PLS Exam 3

While originating is South America, cassava has become a major staple in A. Africa. B. North America. C. China. D. Europe. E. Australia.

A. Africa.

The main source of natural rubber comes from which native plant of the tropical rainforest? A. Hevea brasiliensis B. Manilkara zapota C. Phytelephas macrocarpa D. Bertholletia excelsa

A. Hevea brasiliensis

Which of the following is true about sweet potatoes? A. It was introduced into Spain by Columbus. B. Its original name was batata. C. It was originally cultivated in Peru. D. It is a type of yam.

A. It was introduced into Spain by Columbus. B. Its original name was batata.

Who is considered the Father of the Green Revolution? A. Norman Borlaug B. Thomas Hunt Morgan C. Charles Darwin D. Gregor Mendel E. James Watson

A. Norman Borlaug

Which of the following is not true about the Irish Famine? A. The English government did all it could to mitigate the suffering of the Irish people. B. While potatoes crops were decimated by late blight, cereal crops were unaffected. C. More than a million Irish left Ireland; most went to the United States. D. The Penal Laws made it more difficult for Irish Catholics to succeed as land-owners. E. One response to the Poor Law Extension Act was the eviction of Irish tenants from their homes.

A. The English government did all it could to mitigate the suffering of the Irish people.

In the energy dynamics of an ecosystem, the energy is captured by consumers in the process of A. cellular respiration. B. photosynthesis. C. protein synthesis. D. DNA replication.

A. cellular respiration.

In whole-grain products, what part of the grain is removed? A. chaff B. germ C. endosperm D. bran E. more than one of these

A. chaff

Which of the following would be a strategy to stop genetic erosion? A. collect seeds of traditional varieties for storage in a seed bank B. introduce monoculture to maximize agricultural efficiency C. introduction of industrialized agricultural techniques D. limit agriculture to the cultivation of major domesticated crops

A. collect seeds of traditional varieties for storage in a seed bank

How do corms differ from bulbs? A. corms store starch in their stems B. corms produce fruits C. corms are all inedible D. corms can multiply forming cormlets

A. corms store starch in their stems

The bison in the North American prairie and the zebra in the savanna of Africa are examples of: A. ecological equivalents B. abiotic factors C. producers D. decomposers

A. ecological equivalents

Grasses, herbs, herbivores, carnivores, deep organic soils, rapid nitrogen cycling. Found in a typical grassland, collectively these represent a(n) A. ecosystem. B. community. C. population. D. biosphere.

A. ecosystem.

While some say the solution to human malnutrition and starvation is greater food production, critics say the real problem is A. food distribution. B. the practice of monocropping. C. the use of GM crops. D. growing traditional staple crops.

A. food distribution.

The term ecology literally means the study of our A. house. B. planet. C. biosphere. D. ecosystem.

A. house.

This legume is grown mainly in Mesoamerica and is a tropical vine. The part eaten is the tuberous roots. This legume is A. jicama B. groundnut C. carob D. tamarind E. tuba-root

A. jicama

The liquid wax taken from the seeds of this desert plant is similar to the spermaceti obtained from the endangered sperm whale. This plant is called: A. jojoba B. carnuba C. safflower D. olive

A. jojoba

Which of the following forms of nitrogen is most commonly absorbed by plants? A. nitrates B. nitrites C. ammonium D. nitrogen gas

A. nitrates

The use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced by the use of all of the following except one. Choose the exception. A. organic fertilizers. B. free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria. C. improved strains of Bacillus thuringiensis. D. genetically engineering the nitrogen fixation process.

A. organic fertilizers.

Flying squirrels eat mushrooms that decompose the remains of fir trees - the dominant plants in the forest. Spotted owls eat the flying squirrels. In turn, crows eat the eggs of spotted owls. The fir trees are A. primary producers. B. primary consumers. C. secondary consumers. D. tertiary consumers. E. none of these.

A. primary producers.

More humans could be fed if they ate more A. primary producers. B. primary consumers. C. secondary consumers. D. tertiary consumers.

A. primary producers.

Which of the following is a carbon sink? A. primary producers. B. primary consumers. C. secondary consumers. D. decomposers.

A. primary producers.

Which ecological pyramid illustrates the observation that it takes many small organisms to support the nutritional needs of one large organism? A. pyramid of numbers B. pyramid of biomass C. pyramid of energy D. pyramid of calories

A. pyramid of numbers

The main crop of interest for development during World War II was A. rubber trees. B. disease-resistant wheat. C. gum trees. D. latex producing euphorbia. E. high-yield potatoes.

A. rubber trees.

What is one disadvantage of planting hybrid seed? A. seed must be purchased anew each time there is a planting B. hybrid plants are less vigorous C. yields are less than with non-hybrid plants D. hybrid plants are more susceptible to diseases

A. seed must be purchased anew each time there is a planting

A xerophyte may have which of the following adaptations? A. succulent stems B. aerial roots C. germinate during the dry summer season D. a xerophyte may have all of these adaptations

A. succulent stems

Maize was evolved from A. teosinte. B. brassica. C. corn-like sunflowers. D. quinoa. E. amaranth.

A. teosinte.

Which of the following tissues makes up most of a potato tuber? A. the pith B. vascular tissue C. the cortex D. the periderm

A. the pith

Potatoes propagate asexually by A. tubers. B. rhizomes. C. stolons. D. corms. E. bulbs.

A. tubers.

A biome characterized by permafrost is the A. tundra. B. chaparral. C. boreal forest. D. desert. E. tropical rain forest.

A. tundra.

Which starchy staple is a source of diosgenin, shown to inhibit ovulation in women? A. yam B. manioc C. sweet potato D. white potato E. banana

A. yam

What is the population of the world in billions as of April 2015? A. 6.1 B. 7.3 C. 8.0 D. 9.6 E. 11.8

B. 7.3

The scientific basis for understanding plant breeding was not fully understood until the work of _______ was accepted. A. Charles Darwin B. Gregor Mendel C. Watson and Crick D. Barbara McClintock E. Linnaeus

B. Gregor Mendel

_____ oil is a drying oil used by ancient Egyptians to waterproof coffins. A. Canola B. Linseed C. Palm D. Sunflower E. Soy

B. Linseed

The source of tapioca pearls is the moist flour obtained from the ______ root. A. Colocasia B. Manihot C. Dioscorea D. Ipomea E. Solanum

B. Manihot

Which of the following is a major western United States aquifer that is being depleted due to agricultural demands? A. Mahomet Aquifer B. Ogallala Aquifer C. Turlock Basin D. Edwards Aquifer

B. Ogallala Aquifer

Which of the following was the legume used by Gregor Mendel in his experiments? A. Vicia faba. B. Pisum sativum. C. Phaseolus vulgaris. D. Cajanus cajan. E. Arachis hypogea.

B. Pisum sativum.

Rhizobium and other nitrogen fixing bacteria can reduce atmospheric nitrogen to A. ammonia. B. ammonium. C. nitrate. D. nitrite. E. all of these.

B. ammonium.

Potato tubers that are planted must contain at least one A. seed. B. bud. C. root. D. flower.

B. bud.

The bracts surrounding a grass grain are called A. lemma. B. chaff. C. palea. D. glumes. E. awns.

B. chaff

This biome includes evergreen plants with sclerophyllous leaves. Allelopathy is common and plants in this biome are adapted to frequent fires. This biome is a A. tundra. B. chaparral. C. grassland. D. desert. E. tropical rain forest.

B. chaparral.

Firs trees, spotted owls, rodents, slugs, and various fungal species living in a Pacific Northwest forest constitute a(n) A. ecosystem. B. community. C. population. D. biosphere. E. combination of all of these.

B. community.

The most common corn grown in the Corn Belt of the United States is A. flint B. dent C. waxy D. sweet E. flour

B. dent

Sharks and dolphins live in similar habitats and have similar morphologies. This represents an example of A. competitive exclusion. B. ecological equivalence. C. resource partitioning. D. biological magnification. E. occupying a specialized niche.

B. ecological equivalence.

In a grain the highest amount of starch would be found in the: A. seed coat B. endosperm C. embryo D. bran E. aleurone layer

B. endosperm

Probably the most serious environmental factor limiting crop productivity is the A. use of GM plants. B. evolution of pests resistant to pesticides. C. increasing salinity of soils. D. invasion of weeds from tropical areas.

B. evolution of pests resistant to pesticides.

Inulin is a polymer of A. glucose. B. fructose. C. sucrose. D. maltose. E. starch.

B. fructose.

The biggest loss of crop plants is to A. insect pests. B. fungal diseases. C. theft by malnourished humans. D. viral diseases. E. mold.

B. fungal diseases.

A genetically engineered crop that is being developed to eliminate blindness due to vitamin A deficiency is: A. Bt corn B. golden rice C. high oleic acid soybean D. disease resistant potato E. herbicide resistant soybean

B. golden rice

Approximately 93% of the U.S. soybean crop has been genetically engineered for: A. insect resistance B. herbicide resistance C. higher yield D. better taste E. better color

B. herbicide resistance

Soybeans cannot be eaten raw because of the presence of a trypsin inhibitor. What does trypsin do? A. mediates the production of ATP B. important in the breakdown of proteins C. it is important in the production of HDL D. binds oxygen to hemoglobin E. activates several hormones

B. important in the breakdown of proteins

Which leguminous tree has been nicknamed "Jack's beanstalk" because of its amazing growth rate? A. winged bean B. leucaena C. groundnut D. lesquerella

B. leucaena

Which is the best environment for growing rice? A. high-elevation mountains. B. lowland tropical areas periodically flooded. C. cool, moist climates with sandy soils. D. former lake beds in dry climates.

B. lowland tropical areas periodically flooded.

Grasses are A. eudicots B. monocots C. paleodicots D. lycopods E. gymnosperms

B. monocots

A mass of actively dividing cells in tissue culture can develop into a plant if: A. sucrose is added B. plant hormones are added C. minerals are added D. herbicides are added E. plasmids are added

B. plant hormones are added

The small circular bits of DNA in bacteria that have been used as vectors to introduce genes in genetic engineering are called: A. genomes B. plasmids C. callus D. chromosomes

B. plasmids

Flying squirrels eat mushrooms that decompose the remains of fir trees - the dominant plants in the forest. Spotted owls eat the flying squirrels. In turn, crows eat the eggs of spotted owls. The flying squirrels are A. primary producers. B. primary consumers. C. secondary consumers. D. tertiary consumers. E. none of these.

B. primary consumers

One advantage of high-yielding wheat developed for the Green Revolution was A. resistance to late blight. B. resistance to lodging. C. their nonshattering heads. D. the development of dwarf varieties.

B. resistance to lodging.

Horizontal, underground stems are A. tubers. B. rhizomes. C. stolons. D. corms. E. bulbs.

B. rhizomes.

Tropical rain forests are carbon _______ and thus are contributing to a(n) _______ in global warming. A. sources - reduction B. sinks - reduction C. sinks - increase D. sources - reduction

B. sinks - reduction

Botanically, what is the silk of maize? A. the stamen filaments B. the carpel styles C. the carpel ovaries D. the stamen anthers

B. the carpel styles

What is the food storing part of a leguminous seed? A. the pod B. the cotyledons C. the seed coat D. the germ

B. the cotyledons

What part of the maize plant prevents seed dispersal? A. the tassel B. the husk C. the silk D. the fruits

B. the husk

How is olive oil different from other types of plant based oils? A. it can be used as a fuel for lighting lamps B. the oil is extracted from the fruit C. it is the most used of all of the plant-based oils D. it is extracted from a gymnosperm

B. the oil is extracted from the fruit

The greatest species diversity is found in this biome. A. deciduous forest B. tropical rain forest C. grasslands D. taiga

B. tropical rain forest

Approximately how many people in the world are receiving insufficient food to meet their daily requirements? A. 8 million B. 80 million C. 800 million D. 8 billion E. 80 billion

C. 800 million

The development and popularity of the peanut is due mostly to the efforts of A. Barbara McClintock. B. Charles Darwin. C. George Washington Carver. D. Engelbert Kaempfer.

C. George Washington Carver.

Solanum tuberosum were first domesticated in A. Ireland. B. Chile. C. Peru. D. Mexico. E. Idaho

C. Peru.

_____ oil is a replacement for petroleum in the production of inks. A. Sunflower B. Lesquerella C. Soy D. Tung E. Olive

C. Soy

The many colors of Indian corn result from pigments in the pericarp and A. cotyledons B. coleoptile C. aleurone layer D. coleorhiza

C. aleurone layer

What fruit triggered the world's most famous mutiny? A. banana B. pineapple C. breadfruit D. tomato

C. breadfruit

A mass of actively dividing cells in tissue culture is called: A. an explant B. a clone C. callus D. growth regulator

C. callus

The two most consumed starchy staples are potatoes and A. sweet potatoes. B. taro. C. cassava. D. yams. E. Jerusalem artichoke.

C. cassava.

Which of the following was not developed from Brassica oleracea? A. cabbage B. broccoli C. corn D. cauliflower E. brussel sprouts

C. corn

The cheapest and most effective method for producing healthy plants is A. large inputs of fertilizers. B. large-scale spraying of pesticides. C. development of disease-resistant varieties. D. large-scale spraying of herbicides. E. the practice of monoculture.

C. development of disease-resistant varieties.

White flour is processed A. chaff. B. germ. C. endosperm. D. bran. E. more than one of these.

C. endosperm.

The savanna is a type of A. tundra. B. chaparral. C. grassland. D. desert. E. tropical rain forest.

C. grassland.

What is one of the disadvantages to planting potato tubers instead of potato seeds? A. increased genetic variability results B. yield is far less C. greater susceptibility to disease D. it is more labor intensive

C. greater susceptibility to disease

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Poaceae? A. leaves alternate B. culms are hollow at the node C. leaves exhibit netted venation D. fibrous root systems E. many have horizontal stems

C. leaves exhibit netted venation

All of the following will result from global warming except one. Choose the exception. A. climates will become drier B. pest and pathogen populations will increase C. oceans will become more alkaline D. coastal areas will be inundated E. phenologies will be disrupted

C. oceans will become more alkaline

Acacia tortillis is the dominant tree of the Serengeti. Collectively the Serengeti A. tortillis represent a(n) A. ecosystem. B. community. C. population. D. biosphere. E. combination of all of these.

C. population.

The best way to reduce soil erosion is by the practice of A. conventional tillage. B. maximal tillage. C. reduced tillage. D. no tillage.

C. reduced tillage. D. no tillage.

Turner decided to not mow his lawn for one year and see what happened. After one year, he had a yard full of dandelions. This represents an example of A. competitive exclusion. B. ecological equivalence. C. resource partitioning. D. biological magnification. E. occupying a specialized niche.

C. resource partitioning.

Two closely related plant species live in the same community. One has a shallow fibrous root system whereas the other has a deep tap root system. This represents an example of A. competitive exclusion. B. ecological equivalence. C. resource partitioning. D. occupying a generalized niche. E. biological magnification.

C. resource partitioning.

The sweet potato is a: A. rhizome B. stolon C. root D. tuber E. corm

C. root

The retreat of a large glacier scoured the earth removing all vegetation and soil. The first plants to recolonize the devastated area were mosses. The type of succession represented in this scenario is _______ and moss is considered a _______ species. A. primary - pioneer B. primary - secondary C. secondary - pioneer D. secondary - primary E. primary - successional

C. secondary - pioneer

Why did early farmers select grain plants with non-shattering heads to cultivate? A. seeds produced in non-shattering heads were not eaten by herbivores B. seeds produced in non-shattering heads did not have mutations C. seeds produced in non-shattering heads were not scattered on the ground D. seeds produced in non-shattering heads were larger and tastier E. all of these are reasons why farmers selected plants with non-shattering heads

C. seeds produced in non-shattering heads were not scattered on the ground

In rice cultivation, what is winnowing? A. draining of the fields to prepare for harvesting. B. harvesting the plant using sickles C. separating the grain from the chaff D. freeing the grain from the outer bracts

C. separating the grain from the chaff

The base oil for biodiesel fuel is ______ oil. A. sunflower B. lesquerella C. soy D. tung E. olive

C. soy

Strawberry propagates asexually by A. tubers. B. rhizomes. C. stolons. D. corms. E. bulbs.

C. stolons.

In this biome, conifers dominate, soils have low fertility and are acidic. Caribou live in this biome part of the year. This biome is a A. tundra. B. chaparral. C. taiga. D. desert. E. tropical rain forest.

C. taiga.

What two physical factors are most important in determining the type of biome found in a region? A. soil type and annual precipitation B. fire and temperature C. temperature and precipitation D. temperature and topography

C. temperature and precipitation

What process is undermining the development of disease-resistant varieties of plants? A. genetically modified plants B. widespread weed invasion C. the continuous evolution of pests and pathogens D. the input of too much pesticide and herbicide E. monocropping

C. the continuous evolution of pests and pathogens

Legumes are high in protein thanks to A. their ability to extract nitrogen from organic matter in the soil. B. large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer used in their cultivation. C. their association with nitrogen fixing bacteria. D. their ability to remove nitrogen from the atmosphere.

C. their association with nitrogen fixing bacteria.

What soybean product is made from curds of soy milk? A. soy sauce B. textured vegetable protein C. tofu D. miso

C. tofu

Goat grasses played an important role in the evolution of: A. corn B. rice C. wheat D. potatoes E. peanuts

C. wheat

Polyploidy has had a significant impact on the evolution of modern: A. corn B. rice C. wheat D. potato E. soybeans

C. wheat

Global carbon dioxide levels have increased by ______ percent in the last 100 years. A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25 E. 30

D. 25

When a horse eats an apple about 10% of the energy from the apple is available to do cellular work. This is a representation of A. the First Law of Thermodynamics. B. the Second Law of Thermodynamics. C. the Law of Mass and Energy Conservation. D. both the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. E. all three of these Laws.

D. both the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Which of the following oils has the lowest levels of saturated fats and highest levels of monounsaturated fats? A. olive oil B. sunflower oil C. peanut oil D. canola oil E. coconut oil

D. canola oil

Which of the following is not a soy product? A. tofu B. tempeh C. edamame D. dal

D. dal

Theoretically, as global warming continues, photosynthesis will ______ and respiration will ______. A. increase - decrease B. increase - increase C. decrease - decrease D. decrease - increase

D. decrease - increase

The soils of this biome are nutrient and organic matter poor and subject to wind erosion. This biome is a A. tundra. B. chaparral. C. grassland. D. desert. E. tropical rain forest.

D. desert.

This biome includes short-lived annuals, plants with reduced leaves and photosynthetic stems, and plants with long tap roots. This biome is a A. tundra. B. chaparral. C. grassland. D. desert. E. tropical rain forest.

D. desert.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of grass flowers? A. usually three stamens B. enlarged, feathery stigmas C. surrounding each flower is a lemma and palea D. flowers are complete E. single ovule in the ovary

D. flowers are complete

All of the following describe hard wheat except one. Choose the exception. A. higher gluten than soft wheat B. used mainly in making bread C. grown in areas with limited rainfall D. lower protein content than soft wheat

D. lower protein content than soft wheat

Which of the following is not a true statement about potatoes? A. the greatest diversity of Solanum species is in Peru B. the Colorado potato beetle is a serious potato pest C. potatoes are a good source of vitamin B and C D. no Solanum species are resistant to late blight E. much of the nutritional value of at potato is in the periderm

D. no Solanum species are resistant to late blight

Starlings are called the rats of the bird world. They live in a wide variety of environments throughout North America. This represents an example of A. competitive exclusion. B. ecological equivalence. C. resource partitioning. D. occupying a generalized niche. E. occupying a specialized niche.

D. occupying a generalized niche.

How do tuberous roots differ from taproots? A. tuberous roots do not store starch B. tuberous roots develop from fibrous roots C. tuberous roots are not edible D. plants from tuberous roots are dicots

D. plants from tuberous roots are dicots

The growth of vegetation after a forest fire is an example of: A. competitive exclusion B. secondary succession C. biological magnification D. primary succession

D. primary succession

Identify the Andean crop with edible seeds and leaves that was known by the Incas as the "mother grain." A. amaranth B. tarwi C. breadfruit D. quinoa

D. quinoa

Henry Ford once built a car that had a plastic body made from ________ oil. A. peanut B. sunflower C. olive D. soy E. castor bean

D. soy

Which legume is considered the "Cinderella Crop"? A. peas B. lentils C. green beans D. soybeans

D. soybeans

Which of the following is a corm that is steamed, crushed, and fermented to make poi? A. cassava B. yam C. sweet potato D. taro

D. taro

Which of the following is currently believed to be the ancestor of modern corn? A. triticale B. triticum C. tripsacum D. teosinte

D. teosinte

How is teosinte different from maize? A. teosinte has terminal staminate flowers B. teosinte has lateral carpellate flowers C. teosinte has a diploid number of 20 D. teosinte kernels are surrounded by a hard fruit case

D. teosinte kernels are surrounded by a hard fruit case

Flying squirrels eat mushrooms that decompose the remains of fir trees - the dominant plants in the forest. Spotted owls eat the flying squirrels. In turn, crows eat the eggs of spotted owls. The crows are A. primary producers. B. primary consumers. C. secondary consumers. D. tertiary consumers. E. none of these.

D. tertiary consumers.

What process results in soils becoming saline? A. the use of salt producing plants B. the underuse of fertilizers C. global warming D. the evaporation of water E. monocropping

D. the evaporation of water

What is germplasm? A. another term for traditional varieties B. the effect of a fungal infection C. the general term for any plant pathogen D. the genetic information of a plant that makes it unique E. the end result of genetic erosion

D. the genetic information of a plant that makes it unique

The darkened ring found in some potato chips is the A. periderm. B. cortex. C. pith. D. vascular tissue.

D. vascular tissue.

What was the principle crop behind the Green Revolution? A. maize B. rice C. potato D. wheat E. barley

D. wheat

The average amount of protein in beans is _______ percent. A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20 E. 25

E. 25

What percentage of the world's vegetation are members of the Poaceae? A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20 E. 25

E. 25

This legume has a flower stalk that elongates downward pushing its immature fruit into the soil. This legume is A. Vicia faba. B. Pisum sativum. C. Phaseolus vulgaris. D. Cajanus cajan. E. Arachis hypogea.

E. Arachis hypogea.

Which of the following is not true about Manihot esculenta? A. It grows well in nutrient-poor soils. B. Nigeria is one of the leading producers of this starchy staple. C. It cannot tolerate dry periods with no rainfall. D. It can be cultivated from seed. E. It is resistant to locust infestations.

E. It is resistant to locust infestations.

This misnamed staple was once known as sun root, does not contain starch, and is a weedy perennial in the sunflower family. This staple is A. potato. B. taro. C. cassava. D. yam. E. Jerusalem artichoke.

E. Jerusalem artichoke.

Which of the following is a health benefit derived from the consumption of isoflavones? A. lower LDL levels B. reduced risk of osteoporosis C. inhibition of tumor formation D. reduced symptoms of menopause E. all of these are health benefits derived from the consumption of isoflavones

E. all of these are health benefits derived from the consumption of isoflavones

Which of the following is an issue of concern about the Green Revolution? A. the necessary heavy inputs of fertilizer and pesticides B. the expense is too great for many poor farmers C. the high energy cost of producing fertilizers D. environmental and health effects associated with chemical inputs E. all of these are issues of concern about the Green Revolution

E. all of these are issues of concern about the Green Revolution

Which of the following plants is not a member of the Poaceae? A. wheat B. rice C. maize (corn) D. oats E. all of these are members of the Poaceae

E. all of these are members of the Poaceae

Monoculture was the underlying cause of A. the Irish potato famine. B. the destruction of Sri Lankan coffee plantations. C. the corn leaf blight epidemic. D. the extensive loss of Florida citrus trees. E. all of these.

E. all of these.

The biomass of tertiary consumers is terrestrial ecosystem is typically less than that of A. primary producers. B. primary consumers. C. secondary consumers. D. decomposers. E. all of these.

E. all of these.

The potato was initially rejected as food in Europe because it was thought to be A. poisonous. B. hallucinogenic. C. a cause of leprosy. D. a cause of rickets. E. all of these.

E. all of these.

Most corn grown in the United States is used for A. flour and cooking oil. B. biofuel. C. making liquor and beer. D. popcorn and directly eating as corn-on-the-cob. E. animal food.

E. animal food.

The outer wall of a grass grain is the A. chaff. B. aleurone layer. C. coleoptile. D. germ. E. bran.

E. bran.

Onions propagate asexually by A. tubers. B. rhizomes. C. stolons. D. corms. E. bulbs.

E. bulbs.

Maize differs from the ancient ancestor from which it was evolved by A. the size of its stalks. B. its root system. C. the size and number of its ears. D. its nonshattering habit. E. more than one of these.

E. more than one of these.

Flying squirrels eat mushrooms that decompose the remains of fir trees - the dominant plants in the forest. Spotted owls eat the flying squirrels. In turn, crows eat the eggs of spotted owls. The mushrooms are A. primary producers. B. primary consumers. C. secondary consumers. D. tertiary consumers. E. none of these.

E. none of these.

The Irish Famine was made worse because A. the potatoes planted were genetically identical. B. the English government was unsympathetic to the plight of the Irish. C. potatoes were practically the entire diet of the Irish poor. D. there was widespread suppression of Catholics. E. of all of these factors made the Irish Famine worse.

E. of all of these factors made the Irish Famine worse.

This starchy staple is a storage root that grows as a vine and requires a long warm growing season. This starchy staple is A. potato. B. taro. C. cassava. D. yam. E. sweet potato.

E. sweet potato.

Clear-cutting is the method of tree harvesting that is least disruptive to a forest. True False

False

The savanna is a temperate forest biome characterized by trees that annually shed their leaves in autumn. True False

False

Biomes are the climax communities for particular regions of the terrestrial environment. True False

True

Cacti have lost their leaves and developed water-storing, photosynthetic stems. Characteristics such as these that enhance the survival of an organism in its environment are known as adaptations. True False

True

The dominant vegetation in the boreal or taiga biome is a forest of conifers. True False

True