PLTW Bio Med Unit 2
unsaturated fats
(Kink in polymer)
saturated fats
(No kink in polymer)
Do other foods provide more energy than others
Yes
Glucagon
after it is relased it goes to the liver
Monomers
building blocks of polymers
Polymers
chains of monomers
Type 1
characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels
Osmosis
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (proccess to water entering/leaving cell)
Lipids
fats
insulin
gets released by beta cells in order to lower blood sugar levels
Carbohydrates
glucose
Lipid test
if paper towel has a residue
signs and symptoms of diabetes
increased thirst, hunger, blurred vision, fatigue, weightloss
what are complications of neuropathy?
loss of a toe, joint damage, increased or decreased sweating, digestive problems, etc
Hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
Polysaccharides
many sugars (chain of monosaccharides)
what are complications of Alzheimer's Disease?
memory loss, difficulty making decisions and preforming basic tasks
amino acids
monomers/building blocks of proteins, made up of an amino group, side chain, and carboxyl group
Energy
Energy is created after glucose is broken inside of cell
what are complications of ketoacidosis?
Feeling very thirsty, Vomiting, Abdominal Pain
cell membrane
Glucose crosses this. Then is broken down inside cell.
Type 1 diabetic glucose and insulin
Glucose goes up, Insluin stays at zero
Type 2 diabetic glucose and insulin
Glucose goes up, insulin comes up but does not have an affect on glucose
Benedict's solution
Glucose: Blue is negitive, red/orange is positive
what are complications of heart disease?
Heart Failure, Stroke, Heart attack, Aneurysm, Peripheral artery disease, Sudden cardiac arrest
Type 2 main reason causes
Insulin receptors don't bind (insulin resistent), Insulin recpetor is misshappen, does not make enough insulin (overeating)
liver
Magic happens the glycogen is now a useful form of energy
Complex sugar
Polymer digested as a monomer, harder for body to digest, get additional energy. Energy is slowly being released
pancreas (insulin)
Regulates the level of sugar in the blood. Has beta cells that realse insulin.
what are complications of Gastroparesis?
Severe dehydration, Ongoing vomiting, Malnutrition, Unpredictable blood sugar
hypertonic solution
Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water
hypotonic solution
Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water
what are complications of kidney disease
Spike in potassium levels, Anemia, and Fluid retention
iodine test
Starches or complex sugars (yellow when negitive and black is negitive)
dehydration synthesis
Take out a water in order to create a bond
Negative Feedback
The body goes through proccesses to stop or counteract reaction (body wants to get back to how it was before reaction)
Disaccharide
two sugars
Isotonic
when the concentration of two solutions is the same ( cell and water have same amount of water)
Positive Feedback
Body encourages it to happen and continues reaction
Hydrolysis
Breaking down complex sugars by the chemical addition of water. Add water to help digest and creates additional energy
bloodstream
Carbs are broken down into glucosen here. Where insulin is released to. Has insulin receptors.
Protien
Chains of amino acids
Beta cells
Detect rise in blood glucose, insulin is released from these into the bloodstream
Pancreas (glucagon)
Detects blood sugar drop via alpha cells
simple sugars
Easy to digest, little bit of energy
insulin receptor
In blood stream, insulin binds with insulin receptors which cause glut 4 reaction.
Where is energy stored?
In our food
A1C test
Measure of glycated hemoglobin
Type 1 main reason cause
No insulin
what are complications of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)?
PAD's affects the cardiovascular system and is caused by fat building in arteries.
what are complications of a stroke?
Problems with memory and emotional problems
Buriet's Solution
Protien (blue when negitive purple when positive)
Glut 4
Reaction that allows for diffusion of glucose into cell across cell memebrane
alpha cells
release glucagon
Monosaccharides
singular sugar
gylcogen
stored form of glucose (gets turned into usuable energy through proccess and gets your blood sugar up)
Homeostasis
the bodies ability to regulate/stable inner environment to ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in the outside environment.
