PLTW Bio Med Unit 2

unsaturated fats

(Kink in polymer)

saturated fats

(No kink in polymer)

Do other foods provide more energy than others

Yes

Glucagon

after it is relased it goes to the liver

Monomers

building blocks of polymers

Polymers

chains of monomers

Type 1

characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels

Osmosis

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (proccess to water entering/leaving cell)

Lipids

fats

insulin

gets released by beta cells in order to lower blood sugar levels

Carbohydrates

glucose

Lipid test

if paper towel has a residue

signs and symptoms of diabetes

increased thirst, hunger, blurred vision, fatigue, weightloss

what are complications of neuropathy?

loss of a toe, joint damage, increased or decreased sweating, digestive problems, etc

Hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

Polysaccharides

many sugars (chain of monosaccharides)

what are complications of Alzheimer's Disease?

memory loss, difficulty making decisions and preforming basic tasks

amino acids

monomers/building blocks of proteins, made up of an amino group, side chain, and carboxyl group

Energy

Energy is created after glucose is broken inside of cell

what are complications of ketoacidosis?

Feeling very thirsty, Vomiting, Abdominal Pain

cell membrane

Glucose crosses this. Then is broken down inside cell.

Type 1 diabetic glucose and insulin

Glucose goes up, Insluin stays at zero

Type 2 diabetic glucose and insulin

Glucose goes up, insulin comes up but does not have an affect on glucose

Benedict's solution

Glucose: Blue is negitive, red/orange is positive

what are complications of heart disease?

Heart Failure, Stroke, Heart attack, Aneurysm, Peripheral artery disease, Sudden cardiac arrest

Type 2 main reason causes

Insulin receptors don't bind (insulin resistent), Insulin recpetor is misshappen, does not make enough insulin (overeating)

liver

Magic happens the glycogen is now a useful form of energy

Complex sugar

Polymer digested as a monomer, harder for body to digest, get additional energy. Energy is slowly being released

pancreas (insulin)

Regulates the level of sugar in the blood. Has beta cells that realse insulin.

what are complications of Gastroparesis?

Severe dehydration, Ongoing vomiting, Malnutrition, Unpredictable blood sugar

hypertonic solution

Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water

hypotonic solution

Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water

what are complications of kidney disease

Spike in potassium levels, Anemia, and Fluid retention

iodine test

Starches or complex sugars (yellow when negitive and black is negitive)

dehydration synthesis

Take out a water in order to create a bond

Negative Feedback

The body goes through proccesses to stop or counteract reaction (body wants to get back to how it was before reaction)

Disaccharide

two sugars

Isotonic

when the concentration of two solutions is the same ( cell and water have same amount of water)

Positive Feedback

Body encourages it to happen and continues reaction

Hydrolysis

Breaking down complex sugars by the chemical addition of water. Add water to help digest and creates additional energy

bloodstream

Carbs are broken down into glucosen here. Where insulin is released to. Has insulin receptors.

Protien

Chains of amino acids

Beta cells

Detect rise in blood glucose, insulin is released from these into the bloodstream

Pancreas (glucagon)

Detects blood sugar drop via alpha cells

simple sugars

Easy to digest, little bit of energy

insulin receptor

In blood stream, insulin binds with insulin receptors which cause glut 4 reaction.

Where is energy stored?

In our food

A1C test

Measure of glycated hemoglobin

Type 1 main reason cause

No insulin

what are complications of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)?

PAD's affects the cardiovascular system and is caused by fat building in arteries.

what are complications of a stroke?

Problems with memory and emotional problems

Buriet's Solution

Protien (blue when negitive purple when positive)

Glut 4

Reaction that allows for diffusion of glucose into cell across cell memebrane

alpha cells

release glucagon

Monosaccharides

singular sugar

gylcogen

stored form of glucose (gets turned into usuable energy through proccess and gets your blood sugar up)

Homeostasis

the bodies ability to regulate/stable inner environment to ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in the outside environment.