PM Exam 2

Which method is used for determining the estimated annual costs and benefits for a project? a. Cash flow analysis b. Critical path analysis c. Present value analysis d. Requirements analysis

Cash flow analysis

What is the first process involved in project schedule management? a. defining activities b. sequencing activities c. planning schedule management d. estimating activity durations

planning schedule management

Where would a draft schedule for a project most likely be found? a. resource breakdown structure b. project buffer c. project's dummy activities list d. project charter

project charter

Which document is most likely to include planned project start and end dates which serve as the starting points for a detailed schedule? a. organizational process assets update b. project charter c. resource breakdown structure d. milestones list

project charter

Which is one of the main outputs of estimating activity resources process? a. milestone list b. activity duration estimate c. breakdown structure d. project documents update

project documents update

Which is recommended for the creation of a good WBS? a. The work content of a WBS item is independent of the WBS items below it. b. Any WBS item should be the responsibility of all the people working on it. c. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS. d. Each WBS item should be created assuming that the requirements are inflexible.

A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.

Which statement best describes the difference between an activity list and an activity attribute? a. An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list. b. An activity list provides a more concrete list of milestones for a project than an activity attribute. c. As opposed to an activity attribute, an activity list provides resource requirements and constraints related to activities. d. An activity attribute is a tabulation of activities to be included on a project schedule whereas an activity list is not.

An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list.

Which is a similarity between scope control and schedule control? a. Both are initial processes of project time management. b. Both of their primary goals is to define project goals and milestones. c. Both are portions of the integrated change control process under project integration management. d. Both of these processes should occur before estimating activity durations.

Both are portions of the integrated change control process under project integration management.

Which action involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them? a. Collecting requirements b. Validating scope c. Defining scope d. Controlling scope

Collecting requirements

Which action involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved? a. Validating scope b. Defining scope c. Controlling scope d. Creating scope

Defining scope

Which is true about identifying stakeholders? a. External project stakeholders include the project's customers. b. It is not very difficult to identify stakeholders. c. Stakeholders with indirect ties to the project need not be engaged with. d. Stakeholders do not change during a project.

External project stakeholders include the project's customers.

Which technique involves doing activities in parallel that one would normally do in sequence? a. Crashing b. Fast tracking c. PERT analysis d. Critical chain scheduling

Fast tracking

Which provide a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format? a. Critical path analysis b. Gantt charts c. Arrow diagramming method d. PERT analysi

Gantt charts

Which costs are difficult to measure in monetary terms? a. Intangible costs b. Direct costs c. Fixed costs d. Tangible costs

Intangible costs

Which is true of the schedule performance index (SPI)? a. It can be used to estimate the projected time to complete the project. b. It means that a project is ahead of schedule if SPI is lesser than one or hundred percent. c. It is the ratio of planned value to actual costs. d. It means that a project is behind schedule if an SPI is greater than one.

It can be used to estimate the projected time to complete the project.

Which is true of a finish-to-finish dependency? a. It is a dependency in which in which the "from" activity must finish before the "to" activity or successor can start. b. It is a dependency in which the "from" activity cannot start until the "to" activity or successor is started. c. It is a dependency in which the "from" activity must be finished before the "to" activity can be finished. d. It is a dependency in which the "from" activity must start before the "to" activity can be finished.

It is a dependency in which the "from" activity must be finished before the "to" activity can be finished.

Which process uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems? a. JAD b. Use case modeling c. RAD d. Prototyping

JAD

Which network diagramming technique uses boxes to represent activities? a. CPM b. ADM c. PDM d. PERT

PDM

What is an accurate difference between the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and critical path method (CPM)? a. CPM addresses the risk associated with duration estimates whereas PERT does not. b. CPM involves more work than PERT because it requires several duration estimates. c. PERT uses different duration estimates whereas CPM uses one specific duration estimate. d. Unlike CPM, PERT estimates only when there is no risk of uncertainty.

PERT uses different duration estimates whereas CPM uses one specific duration estimate.

Which law states that work expands to fill the time allowed? a. Parkinson's Law b. Einstein's Law c. Murphy's Law d. Miller's Law

Parkinson's Law

Which is most likely to be a reason for inaccuracies in information technology cost estimates? a. Only software development provides the scope for estimates to be accurate. b. People lack estimating experience. c. Estimates take a long time to be worked out. d. Human beings are biased toward overestimation.

People lack estimating experience.

Which process involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system? a. Use case modeling b. Prototyping c. Decomposition d. Variance

Prototyping

What process involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders? a. Scope baseline b. Scope control c. Scope validation d. Scope planning

Scope validation

Which statement is true of contingency reserves? a. They allow for dollar amounts to be used to cover existing, fixed costs. b. They allow for future situations that can be partially planned for. c. They are not included in a cost baseline. d. They are also known as unknown unknowns.

They allow for future situations that can be partially planned for.

Which statement is true of analogous estimates? a. Their main disadvantage is that they cost more than other techniques. b. They use project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs. c. They are most reliable when previous projects are similar in fact with current projects. d. They are the only technique which do not require expert judgement.

They are most reliable when previous projects are similar in fact with current projects.

Which statement is true of bottom-up estimates? a. They are most accurate when they involve large, extensive work items. b. They are based on the actual cost of a previous, similar project. c. They are time-intensive and expensive to develop. d. They are also known as parametric estimating.

They are time-intensive and expensive to develop.

Which statement is true of tangible costs? a. They can be easily measured. b. Their examples include goodwill and prestige. c. They cannot be calculated in monetary terms. d. They are difficult to quantify.

They can be easily measured.

Which is true of dummy activities? a. They have long durations. b. They show logical relationships between activities. c. They have a large range of resources. d. They have limited time periods.

They show logical relationships between activities.

Which process involves identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them? a. Use case modeling b. Prototyping c. RAD d. JAD

Use case modeling

Which action involves normalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables? a. Validating scope b. Controlling scope c. Creating scope d. Defining scope

Validating scope

Which term refers to the difference between planned and actual performance? a. Variance b. Decomposition c. Scope creep d. Scope validation

Variance

Which process involves generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization? a. benchmarking b. decomposition c. variance d. prototyping

Which process involves generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization?

Which approach for constructing a WBS uses a similar project's WBS as a starting point? a. top-down b. analogy c. bottom-up d. mind-mapping

analogy

Which is a similarity between the crashing and fast tracking? a. both are network diagramming techniques used primarily to predict total project duration b. both spread out tasks over a long period of time to ensure the quality of work is maintained c. both invariably result in increases in total project costs d. both can shorten the time needed to finish a project

both can shorten the time needed to finish a project

During which approach do team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS? a. mind mapping b. bottom-up c. top-down d. analogy

bottom-up

What type of estimate is a cost estimation tool that involves estimating individual work items or activities and summing them to get a project total? a. bottom-up b. budgetary c. analogous d. parametric

bottom-up

In an AOA network diagram, what occurs when two or more activities follow a single node? a. combinations b. bursts c. buffers d. mergers

bursts

Which is an output of schedule control? a. change requests b. activity attributes c. resource requirements d. milestones lists

change requests

In project schedule management, which process primarily involves checking and managing changes to the project schedule? a. estimating activity resources b. developing the schedule c. controlling the schedule d. estimating activity durations

controlling the schedule

Which process results in a cost baseline as a main output? a. cost budgeting b. cost controlling c. cost planning d. cost estimating

cost budgeting

Which technique is used for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost? a. crashing b. critical chain scheduling c. feeding buffers d. dependency

crashing

Which technique involves network diagramming and is used primarily to predict total project duration? a. critical path analysis b. Gantt chart c. resource breakdown structure d. arrow diagramming method

critical path analysis

What is the main technique used in creating a WBS, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces? a. decomposition b. conglomeration c. accumulation d. catalyzation

decomposition

In project schedule management, the main goal of which process is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work? a. estimating activity resources b. controlling the schedule c. estimating activity durations d. defining activities

defining activities

In project schedule management, which process generates the main outputs of an activity list, activity attributes, and a milestone list? a. resource estimating activities b. defining activities c. sequencing activities d. estimating activity durations

defining activities

Which process in project schedule management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables? a. estimating activity durations b. defining activities c. sequencing activities d. developing the schedule

defining activities

What type of estimate is used for making many purchasing decisions for which accurate estimates are required and for estimating final project costs? a. budgetary b. rough order of magnitude c. definitive d. final

definitive

Which term describes a product produced as part of a project? a. work package b. variance c. deliverable d. scope

deliverable

Which process involves allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance? a. finalizing policies for project costs b. controlling costs c. estimating costs d. determining the budget

determining the budget

In project schedule management, what is the next step after defining project activities? a. determining their dependencies b. estimating activity duration c. planning schedule management d. controlling the schedule

determining their dependencies

In project schedule management, the ultimate goal of which process is to provide a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project? a. sequencing activities b. developing a schedule c. defining activities d. estimating activity resources

developing a schedule

In project schedule management, which process involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule? a. controlling the schedule b. developing the schedule c. defining activities d. planning schedule management

developing the schedule

Newtech Inc. hires John for the position of a software programmer to work on their new project. Salary paid to John by Newtech Inc. would be an example of which type of costs? a. direct b. intangible c. sunk d. indirect

direct

Which dependencies are sometimes referred to as soft logic and should be used with care because they may limit later scheduling options? a. discretionary b. external c. mandatory d. inherent

discretionary

Which statement best defines cost variance? a. earned value minus the actual cost b. planned value plus actual costs c. planned value minus the rate of performance d. rate of performance minus earned value

earned value minus the actual cost

Which statement best defines schedule variance? a. planned value plus the earned value b. earned value minus the actual cost c. planned value plus the rate of performance d. earned value minus the planned value

earned value minus the planned value

After working with key stakeholders to define activities and calculate their resources, what is the next process in project schedule management? a. control the schedule. b. determine their dependencies. c. estimate the duration of activities. d. develop the schedule.

estimate the duration of activities.

In project schedule management, which process involves estimating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities? a. defining activities b. planning schedule management c. estimating activity durations d. sequencing activities

estimating activity durations

Scope, time and cost goals in order of importance can be ranked on a(n) _____. a. probability matrix b. expectations management matrix c. requirements traceability matrix d. responsibility assignment matrix

expectations management matrix

Which dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities? a. mandatory b. inherent c. external d. discretionary

external

How does critical chain scheduling protect tasks on the critical chain from being delayed? a. fast tracking b. feeding buffers c. critical paths d. dummy activities

feeding buffers

Which dependencies do AOA network diagrams use? a. finish-to-finish b. start-to-start c. start-to-finish d. finish-to-start

finish-to-start

What term is used for the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following activities? a. free slack b. fast tracking c. backward pass d. forward pass

free slack

The project team must take corrective action if stakeholders with _____ are categorized as resistant or unaware. a. low interest/ low power b. low interest/high power c. high interest/low power d. high interest and high power

high interest and high power

The stakeholder register is the output of the _____ stakeholders process of project stakeholder management. a. monitoring b. identifying c. executing d. planning

identifying

The main output of which process is the stakeholder register? a. managing stakeholder engagement b. identifying stakeholders c. controlling stakeholder engagement d. planning stakeholder management

identifying stakeholders

What process involves determining everyone involved in the project or affected by it, and determining the best ways to manage relationships with them? a. identifying stakeholders b. managing stakeholder engagement c. planning stakeholder management d. controlling stakeholder engagement

identifying stakeholders

A(n) _____ is a tool used to document, monitor, and track problems that need resolution. a. power/interest grid b. issue log c. requirements traceability matrix d. Gantt chart

issue log

What is the latest possible time an activity might begin without delaying the project finish date? a. early start date b. late start date c. late finish date d. early finish date

late start date

Doctors who actively participate in a project related to using information technology for chronic health problems would be examples of which stakeholder? a. leading b. neutral c. resistant d. supportive

leading

Which process helps develop an accurate projection of a project's financial expenses and benefits? a. critical path analysis b. crashing c. fast tracking d. life cycle costing

life cycle costing

The critical path is the _____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the _____ amount of slack or float. a. shortest; longest b. longest; longest c. longest; shortest d. shortest; shortest

longest; shortest

What does the process of controlling costs primarily involve? a. determining the policies for project costs b. determining a basis for estimates c. finalising the procedures for project costs d. managing changes to the project budget

managing changes to the project budget

One of the main outputs of the _____ process are change requests. a. controlling stakeholder engagement b. managing stakeholder engagement c. planning stakeholder management d. identifying stakeholders

managing stakeholder engagement

Which type of dependencies are inherent in the nature of work being performed on a project? a. random b. discretionary c. mandatory d. external

mandatory

Which term is used for a significant event on a project that normally has no duration? a. milestone b. schedule baseline c. activity attribute d. activity sequence

milestone

Which technique is used for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks? a. analogy b. mind mapping c. bottom-up d. top-down

mind mapping

Which process involves monitoring stakeholder relationships and adjusting plans and strategies for engaging stakeholders as needed? a. identifying stakeholders b. managing stakeholder engagement c. monitoring stakeholder engagement d. planning stakeholder management

monitoring stakeholder engagement

What is the first step in project cost management? a. plan how costs will be managed b. allocate project cost estimates to individual material resources c. control project costs and monitor cost performance d. develop several estimates of costs for different types of resources

plan how costs will be managed

What is another term used for budget? a. earned value b. indirect cost c. planned value d. actual cost

planned value

Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with which process in project scope management? a. closing b. monitoring and controlling c. executing d. planning

planning

In project schedule management, which is an output of controlling the schedule? a. activity attribute b. project management plan update c. activity duration estimate d. milestones list

project management plan update

Which is the new knowledge area identified by the Project Management Institute? a. project procurement management b. project risk management c. project stakeholder management d. project communication management

project stakeholder management

Which output documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed? a. project scope statement b. WBS c. requirements management plan d. requirements traceability matrix

requirements management plan

What is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed referred to as? a. requirements traceability matrix b. Gantt chart c. entity-attribute-value model d. state transition table

requirements traceability matrix

The project team must take corrective action if stakeholders with high interest and high power are categorized as _____. a. neutral b. supportive c. leading d. resistant

resistant

How are profits best defined? a. revenues plus expenses b. costs plus revenues c. revenues minus expenditures d. expenses plus net income

revenues minus expenditures

Which document should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project? a. WBS b. project charter c. Gantt chart d. scope statement

scope statement

In project schedule management, which process primarily involve identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities? a. estimating activity durations b. planning schedule management c. defining activities d. sequencing activities

sequencing activities

After identifying and analyzing stakeholders, the project manager and team should develop a(n) ______ to help them effectively engage stakeholders and make sure that good decisions are made throughout the life of the project. a. power/interest grid b. stakeholder engagement plan c. stakeholder register d. issue log

stakeholder engagement plan

During which relationship is the "from" activity unable start until the "to" activity is started? a. finish-to-finish b. start-to-start c. finish-to-start d. start-to-finish

start-to-start

What is scope creep? a. subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces b. a task at the lowest level of the WBS c. the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS. d. the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger

the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger

What term is used for analogous estimates? a. budgetary b. top-down c. bottom-up d. parametric

top-down

Which approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail? a. bottom-up b. mind mapping c. analogy d. top-down

top-down

Which approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items? a. top-down b. bottom-up c. mind mapping d. analogy

top-down

Mind mapping can be used for developing WBSs using which approach? a. top-down or bottom-up approach b. any approach c. analogy approach only d. bottom-up or analogy approach

top-down or bottom-up approach

What term is used for the amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the planned project finish date? a. backward pass b. total slack c. free float d. forward pass

total slack

Which document contains a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project? a. business case b. project charter c. project scope statement d. work breakdown structure

work breakdown structure

Which statement best describes scope? a. tasks that are decomposed into smaller tasks in a work breakdown structure b. each level of work that is outlined in a work breakdown structure c. end product created as part of a project that is delivered to the client d. work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them

work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them

Which task is at the lowest level of the WBS? a. work package b. objective c. deliverable d. variance

work package