PODA exam 5 embedded questions etc

Match the type of solution to its administration route. 1. ophthalmic 2. oral 3. nasal 4. otic 5. rectal 6. topical 7. irrigation

1.eye 2.requires absorption 3. drops, sprays or inhalants 4.administered to the ear 5. administered in the form of an enema 6.applied externally 7. cleansing of a body part or cavity

water and its vapor is a ___ phase system

2

The melting point of lead is 327.5 °C. Which two of the following statements are correct? Choose all that apply! 1. Lead is a gas at 280 °C 2. Lead is a solid at 310 °C 3. Lead is a liquid at 300 °C 4. Lead is a liquid at 390 °C

2. Lead is a solid at 310 °C 4. Lead is a liquid at 390 °C

Solvent A has a pure vapor pressure of 236 mmHg while solvent B has a pure vapor pressure of 268 mmHg. Mixing the two solvents together forms a solution. If the mole fraction of each is 0.5 what is the vapor pressure of the solution (mmHg)?

252

Normal serum osmolarity values range from:

275-300mOsm/L

All of the following are simple solutions except: 1. normal saline 2. D5W 3. Zyrtec syrup 4. ringer's solution

3. Zyrtec syrup

A non-volatile solute is added to water and forms a solution. Which of the following statements is FALSE? 1. the vapor pressure of the system is equal to the mole fraction of water multiplied by the vapor pressure of pure water. 2. the vapor pressure of the system is less than the pure vapor pressure of water. 3. the vapor pressure of the system is more than the vapor pressure of pure water. 4. the boiling point of the system is higher than the boiling point of pure water.

3. the vapor pressure of the system is more than the vapor pressure of pure water.

All of the following are physiochemical properties except: 1.crystal properties 2. stability 3.lipophilicity and pH 4. dose 5. solubility

4. dose

Which of the following is not a constitutive property? 1. viscosity 2. optical rotation 3. surface tension 4. vapor pressure 5. all of the above are constitutive properties

5. all of the above are constitutive properties

Which of the following is not a colligative property? 1. vapor pressure 2. boiling point 3. viscosity 4. molecular weight 5. none of the above are colligative properties

5. none of the above are colligative properties

what route of administration is most likely to result in the most rapid appearance of drug in the blood

IV injection

property depending on the total contribution of atoms in the molecules or of the sum of the properties of the components in solution

additive

The smallest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element is called:

an atom

rose water is an example of

aromatic water

Saturated aqueous solutions of volatile substances are known as:

aromatic waters

41. Which pharmaceutical water is not pure wateR? a. Sterile water for injection b. Bacteriostatic water for injection c. Water for injection d. Sterile water for irrigation e. Purified water

b. Bacteriostatic water for injection

33. Water in its solid state describes what type of system? a. Univariate b. Bivariate c. Invariant d. None of the above

b. Bivariate

10. If plasma concentrations are in the therapeutic range after the first dose we can be assured they will be in the therapeutic range after multiple doses a. True b. False

b. False

11. If a flavoring agent doesn't chemically alter the drug wihtin the dosage form we are adding it to there is no need to be concerned about drug performance a. True b. False

b. False

5. If we push the drug dose/concentration high enough we will eventually reach 100% of the desired effect although there may be severe side effects a. True b. False

b. False

6. Using drug plasma concentration verses effect as opposed to drug dose verses effect eliminates the variability in medication response a. True b. False

b. False

19. pH has the ability to affect i.stability ii. Melting point iii. Solubility iv. Absoprtion v. molecular size a. iii only b. I, iii, and iv only c. I and ii only d. Ii, iii, and iv only e. I, ii, iii only

b. I, iii, and iv only

14. With organic compounds, an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups tends to a. Increase the saltiness b. Increase the sweetness c. Increase the bitterness d. Decrease the saltiness e. Decrease the sweetness

b. Increase the sweetness

9. What is steady state? a. It is the scenario when drug concentrations are maintained within the therapeutic range b. It occurs during multiple dosing situations where the plasma concentrations fluctuate between the same peaks and troughs after each dose c. It occurs during multiple dosing situations where the plasma concentrations do not fluctuate d. It occurs during multiple dosing situations where the peak and trough concentrations are equal

b. It occurs during multiple dosing situations where the plasma concentrations fluctuate between the same peaks and troughs after each dose

56. what will happen to a RBC if placed into a 1.5% NaCl solution? a. It will be in equilibrium with its surroundings and maintain its normal shape b. It will shrink and/or crenulate c. The cell wall will rupture d. Water will rush into the cell

b. It will shrink and/or crenulate

12. The use of flavoring agents is most common with a. Solid oral dosage forms b. Liquid oral doseage forms c. Nasal dosage forms d. All dosage forms e. Suppositories

b. Liquid oral doseage forms

27. Which one of the following is NOT true? Different polymorphs forms of a drug can have different: a. Melting points b. Molecular formula c. Solubilities d. Physiochemical properties

b. Molecular formula

15. The use of grapefruit juice as a flavoring agent in liquid dosage forms of felodipine a. Resulted in no change in felodipine plasma concentrations b. Resulted in an increase in felodipine plasma concentrations c. Resulted in lower plasma felodipine plasma concentrations

b. Resulted in an increase in felodipine plasma concentrations

55. two solutions that isoosmotic with each other will also always be isotonic with each other a. true b. false

b. false

The temperature at which the thermal agitation can overcome the attractive forces between the molecules of a liquid (i.e., the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external or atmospheric pressure) is the:

boiling point

37. A line drawn at any temperature between the gbhci curve is known as a. The critical temperature b. The latent heat of fusion c. A tie line d. A phase line e. An upper consulate temperature

c. A tie line

34. On the phenol/water phase diagram from the companion slides, the upper portion of a mixture at point e a. Contains all water b. Contains all phenol c. Contains both water and pheonl d. Contains liquid phenol and solid water e. None of the above

c. Contains both water and pheonl

3. The apperance of an S-shaped curve typically occurs when we graph a. Log concentration versus time b. Concentration versus time c. Effect versus log concentration d. Effect versus time e. Effectd versus concentration

c. Effect versus log concentration

23. Knowledge of the gaseous state would be most relevant to a. Syrup manufacture b. Capsule manufacture c. Inhaler production d. Suspension production e. Tablet production

c. Inhaler production

7. Why is there so much variability in the dose necessary to achieve adequate prothrombin times within the patient population? a. It is solely due to weight differences b. It is solely due to drug concentration differences c. It is most likely due to a variety of physiological and environmental differences

c. It is most likely due to a variety of physiological and environmental differences

38. Which of the following is the least pharmacetuicallyr elevant type of solution? a. Solid in liquid b. Liquid in liquid c. Liquid in solid d. Beer e. Gas in liquid

c. Liquid in solid

43. Which of the following is a colligative property? a. Freezing point b. Viscosity c. Osmotic pressure d. Volume e. More than one of the above

c. Osmotic pressure

22. The process of going from the solid state to the gaseous state is known as a. Melting b. Freezing c. Sublimation d. Deposition e. None of the above

c. Sublimation

29. The phase rule a. Determines how many phases are present in a given system b. Determines how many components are present in a given system c. Tells us the smallest number of variables necessary to completely describe a system d. Always has at least one degree of freedom

c. Tells us the smallest number of variables necessary to completely describe a system

48. When a non-volatile solute is dissolved within a solvent a. The boiling point decreases b. The freezing point increases c. The osmotic pressure increases d. The vapor pressure increases

c. The osmotic pressure increases

17. In the Noyes-Whitney equation what does "h" represent with regard to drug dissolution? a. The thickness of the biological membrane that the drug is penetrating b. The diffusion coefficient of the biological membrane that the drug is penetrating. the concentration of the drug at the surface of the biological membrane that the drug is penetrating c. The thickenss of the aqueous diffusion layer d. The partition coefficient between the solid drug and the drug in solution

c. The thickenss of the aqueous diffusion layer

24. Which of the following would occur at the same temperature a. Melting and boiling b. Vaporization and melting c. Vaporization and boiling d. Freezing and vaporization e. None of the above

c. Vaporization and boiling

a substance composed of chemical elements or obtained by chemical processes

chemical

depend mainly on the number of particles in the solution

colligative

depend on the structural arrangement of the individual atoms or functional group of the molecules

constitutive

A red blood cell in 2.0% w/v NaCl will undergo _______.

crenulation

The temperature above which a liquid can no longer exist is the:

critical temperature

57. Which of the following is an isotonic solution with respect to a RBC? a. 1.6% boric acid b. 2% NaCl c. 2% boric acid d. 0.9% NaCl e. 1.6% NaCl

d. 0.9% NaCl

30. Using the water phase diagram from the companion slides determine how many components are present. a. 0 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1

d. 1

52. How much sodium chloride is required to make the following prescription isotonic? Atropine Sulfate 1% (w/v) Sodium Chloride q.s. to isotonicity Sterile purified water 30.0 ml NaCl: M.W. = 58.5, i = 1.8 Atropine sulfate: M.W. = 695, i = 2.6 a. 270 mg b. 300 mg c. 152 mg d. 234 mg e. 36 mg

d. 234 mg

32. if you were told that water was in its liquid state, what variable(s) would you need to completely describe the system? a. Pressure only b. Density c. None d. Both temperature and pressure e. Temperature only

d. Both temperature and pressure

26. Why does CH3CH3 have a higher boiling point than CH3CH2CH2CH3 a. Because of hydrogen bonding b. Because of steric hinderance c. Because of better molecular stacking d. It doesn't

d. It doesn't

28. What happens to cocoa butter when it is heated above 35 degrees celsius? a. It evaporates at body temperature b. It remains solid at body temperature c. It forms a more stable polymorph with a higher melting point d. It forms a less stable polymorph with a lower melting point

d. It forms a less stable polymorph with a lower melting point

51. What is the most pharmaceutically relevant colligative property? a. Atmospheric pressure b. Freezing point depression c. Vapor pressure lowering d. Osmotic pressure e. Boiling point elevation

d. Osmotic pressure

35. On the phenol/water phase diagram from the companion slides, points b, d, e, f, and c a. Represent the transition line between two phases b. Represent mixtures that contain the same amount of water in the lower phase c. Represent mixtures that contain the same amount of phenol and water d. Represent mixtures that contain the same percent by weight water in the lower phase e. All of the above f. None of the above

d. Represent mixtures that contain the same percent by weight water in the lower phase

16. Specific surface area represents a. The combined surface area of individual particles within a solid dosage form b. The combined surface area of individual particles wihtin a solid dosage form divided by the number of particles in that dosage form c. The combined surface area of individual particles within a solid dosage form divided by the weight of drug in that dosage form d. The combined surfae area of individual particles wihtin a solid dosage form divided by the combined weight of those particles

d. The combined surfae area of individual particles wihtin a solid dosage form divided by the combined weight of those particles

2. Which of the following is NOT considered a need for dosage forms? a. The high potency of most drugs b. The bad taste of most drugs c. The need to maintain stability of the drug d. The large amount of druge needed for most therapeutic agents e. More than one of the above

d. The large amount of drug needed for most therapeutic agents

42. Which of the following is an additive property? a. Freezing point b. Viscosity c. Osmotic pressure d. Volume e. More than one of the above

d. Volume

49. The contribution to vapor pressure of a non-volatile solute dissolved in solvent is a. Negative b. Impossible to determine c. Positive d. Zero

d. Zero

electronegativity ___ with increasing atomic size

decreases

____ the particle size results in ___ tin the specific surface area

decreasing, an increase

phenobarbital is an example of an

elixir

Sweetened, hydroalcoholic solutions used to hold water-soluble and alcohol-soluble drugs in solution are known as:

elixirs

A solution that contains a quantity of drug that is isosmotic with blood is isotonic only when the red blood cells are permeable to the solute. true/false

false

Cascara Sagrada is an example of a

fluidextract

Alcoholic preparations of plant/vegetable materials, in which 1mL contains 1 g of drug is known as:

fluidextracts

A solution with the same osmotic pressure as body fluids

is always isoosmotic with blood

A solution that has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids:

isotonic

The heat absorbed when a gram of a solid melts or the heat liberated when it freezes is known as the:

latent heat of fusion

zyrtec is an example of

medicated syrup

chemical activity of a substance relative to the activity of 1mg of hydrogen

milliequivalents

number of moles of solute/1000g of solvent

molality

Which solution has a freezing point of -1.86 degrees Celsius? 1. 1 gram of a non-electrolyte dissolved in 1000 mls of water 2. body fluids like blood and tears 3. 0.9 grams of NaCl in 100 mls of water 4. 0.9 grams of NaCl in 1000 mls of water 5. none of the above

none of the above

the ration of the # of moles of one component in a solution to the sum of the # of moles of all components in the solution

number of moles of solutue/1L of solution

lipophilicity of a drug is measured by

octanol-water partition coefficient (K)

color is an example of

organoleptic property

Which of the colligative properties has the greatest relevance to the practice of pharmacy?

osmotic pressure

percentage of the solution that is comprised of the component

percent expressions

the elimination of a drug from the body is best associated with what term?

pharmacokinetics

Water purified by distillation, ion exchange or reverse osmosis that is used for compounding solutions is known as:

purified water, USP

D5W is an example of a

simple solution

A 2% solution of boric acid is isotonic with respect to

the membrane of the eye

the plasma or blood concentration range associated with an acceptably low probability of an adverse effect is called the

therapeutic range

Nonsterile water used in the production of injectables:

water for injection, USP

Attractive forces are _______ compared to covalent bonds.

weak

a drug has an octanol- water partition coefficient (K) of ___ is equally soluble in water and octanol

1

Answer the next three questions based on the following information: 100 mls of A +100 mls B = 200 mls of AB. 100 mls of C +100 mls D = 250 mls of CD. 100 mls of A +100 mls C = 180 mls of AC. 1. A solution of AB i. forms an ideal solution ii. demonstrates positive deviation iii. demonstrates negative deviation iv. none of the above 2. A solution of CD i. forms an ideal solution ii. demonstrates positive deviation iii. demonstrates negative deviation iv. none of the above 3. A solution of AC i. forms an ideal solution ii. demonstrates positive deviation iii. demonstrates negative deviation iv. none of the above

1. i. forms an ideal solution 2. ii. demonstrates positive deviation 3. iii. demonstrates negative deviation

In a neutral atom (select all that apply): 1. number of protons=number of electrons 2. number of protons > number of electrons 3. net charge is zero 4. number of protons < number of electrons

1. number of protons=number of electrons 3. net charge is zero

the drug's effect on the body

Pharmacodynamics

what the body does to the drug

Pharmacokinetics

Substances that form ions in solution, conduct an electric current, and demonstrate atypical changes in the colligative properties.

electrolytes

Sublimation occurs when:

a solid changes into a gas

1. A tablet or capsule would be considered a. A dosage form b. A drug c. A chemical d. A therapeutic agent

a. A dosage form

4. Which of the following is/are associated with the term pharmacokinetics (choose all that apply) a. Absorption of the drug into the systemic circulation b. What the drug does to the body c. Drug effect d. Elimination of the drug from the body by the kidneys e. Killing of cancer cells

a. Absorption of the drug into the systemic circulation d. Elimination of the drug from the body by the kidneys

47. In a two component system of liquids that form a solution a. As the mole fraction of one component increases its conribution to the total vapor pressure increases b. As the mole fraction of one component increases its contribution to the total vapor pressure decreases c. As the mole fraction of one component increases its contribution to the total vapor pressure remains unchanged

a. As the mole fraction of one component increases its contribution to the total

36. At 70 degrees celsius an 80% by weight mixture of phenol and water a. Forms a single homogeneous phase b. Contains only phenol c. Boils d. Forms two separate phases

a. Forms a single homogeneous phase

20. Which of the following is not a force associated with identical molecules coming together to form aggregates of liquid, solid or gas a. Intramolecular forces b. Dipole-dipole interactions c. Debeye interactions d. Van der waals forces e. All of the above are forces involved in molecules self-associating

a. Intramolecular forces

40. Which of the following solutions is most likely for local use? a. Opthalmic solution b. Nasal solution c. Rectal solution d. Topical solution e. Oral solution

a. Opthalmic solution

18. Absorption is limited by dissolution for a. Poorly soluble drugs with a slow disoslution rate b. For all drugs regardless of the solubility or dissolution rate c. Highly soluble drugs with a fast dissolution rate

a. Poorly soluble drugs with a slow disoslution rate

45. If the attractive forces holding molecules of solute and molecules of solvent together are greater than the forces holding the solute together and also greather than the forces holding the solvent together the solution is a. Real b. Ideal c. Delicious d. Acidic e. A strong electrolyte

a. Real

13. The alteration of organoleptic properties aids in patient compliance a. True b. False

a. True

46. Solids not undergoing sublimation do not exhibit vapor pressures a. True b. False

a. True

31. if you were told that water was at its triple point, what variable(s) would you need to completely describe the system a. none b. both temperature and pressure c. temperature only d. density e. pressure only

a. none

53. solutions that are isoosmotic always have the same freezing point a. true b. false

a. true

54. solutions that are isotonic always have the same freezing point a. true b. false

a. true

The interaction of inducing an electric dipole in non-polar molecules is:

dipole induced dipole

the process by which a solid, liquid, or gas is homogeneously dispersed throughout in a gas, solid, or especially a liquid

dissolution

the final manufactured preparation containing the active drug and pharmaceutic ingredients that will be administered to the patient

dosage form

the manner in which a drug is taken

dosage regimen

an agent intended for use in diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease in man or other animals

drug

50. Which of the following does not affect osmotic pressure a. The permeability of the membrane to the solute b. Temperature c. The concentration of solute in solution d. The mole fraction of solute e. All of the above affect osmotic pressure

e. All of the above affect osmotic pressure

25. Which of the following does not indicate that stronger forces are holding together molecules of substance A versus substance B? a. A has a higher boiling point b. A has a higher melting point c. A has a higher latent heat of vaporization d. A has a higher freezing point e. All of the above scenarioes indicate the forces holding A together are stronger than the forces holding B together

e. All of the above scenarioes indicate the forces holding A together are stronger than the forces holding B together

39. A saturated aqueous solution of volatile substances is a. A spirit b. A simple solution c. A syrup d. A tincture e. An aromatic water

e. An aromatic water

44. Which of the following is a constitutive property? a. Freezing point b. Viscosity c. Osmotic pressure d. Volume e. More than one of the above

e. More than one of the above

8. The upper level of the therapeutic range for most drugs a. Is the concentration at which adverse effects occur in more than 10% of the population b. Is the concentration at which adverse effects occur in more than 50% of the population c. Is the concentration at which adverse effects occur in more than 5% of the population d. Is the concentration at which adverse effects occur in more than 20% of the population e. None of the above

e. None of the above

A red blood cell in 0.2% w/v NaCl will cause _________.

hemolysis

A solution that has a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids:

hypertonic

A solution that has lower osmotic pressure than body fluids:

hypotonic

__ is a chemical property referring to the ability of a given substance to form a homogenous one phase mixture at the molecular level

solubility

a chemical property referring to the ability of a given substance (solute) to dissolve

solubility

component of the solution that is homogeneously dispersed as molecules or ions

solute

_________ are mixtures of two or more components that form a homogeneous dispersion.

solution

mixture of two or more components that form a homogeneous one phase system

solution

component of the solution that determines the phase of the solution

solvent

surface area per unit weight

specific surface area

brandy is an example of

spirits

Concentrated aqueous solutions of sugars or sugar substitutes are known as:

syrups