Urban Midterm
jane jacobs
"the death and life of Great american Cities" -against Le Corbuser -emphasized on the importance of diversified mixed-income and mixed-race communities for a lively urban envirt. "sewers as bases"
city beautiful movement
*"Daniel Burnham's Movement" -Social ills would be swept away as the beauty of the city would inspire civic loyalty and moral rectitude in the impoverished. -American cities would be brought to cultural parity with their European competitors through the sue of the European beaux-arts idiom. -A more inviting city center still would not bring the upper classes to live, but certainly to work and spend money in the urban areas. -Beauty could be an effective social control device. -When they trumpeted the ameliorative power of beauty, they were stating their belief in its capacity to shape human thought and behavior. Sincere sense of responsibility to improve the lives of the inner city poor. -Civic loyalty itself, could provide the foundation stone for a harmonious urban moral order
social reformers
-Helped the poor, unemployed immigrants find homes jobs etc. Promoted minimum wage laws and limited working hours. -the built inviroment was in shamebles: inadequate housing, filthy streets, inadequate housing, filthy streets, inadequate sewage sytems, air pollution, and severe traffic congestion.
Garden City
-concept of Ebenezer Howard as a response to industrialization - encouraged that people move to the countryside - restricted population growth to avoid having cities -tried to combine cultural benefits of urban living (theatre, etc.) with benefits of rural living (green space, fresh air, etc.) -simple buildings (no direct imitation of historical styles) and lots of window
robert moses
-urban planner n city builder -unprecedented power w interlocking positions; Long Island parks commission, the Triborough Bridge Authority, the NYC planning commission, and the mayor's Slum Committee. -achivements; Long Island Expressway, the Triborough and Verrazano Bridge, the Lincon Center, and the World Fare 1963-64 appointed by LaGuardia as City Parks Commissioner, rebuilt the city.
principles of the garden city movement
1. urban decentralization 2. the establishment of cities limited in size, but possessing a balanced agricultural-industrial economy 3. use of a surrounding greenbelt to help limit size, and to serve as an agricultural-recreational area; 4. cooperative landholding to insure that the community rather than private individuals benefited from appreciation of land values; 5. the economic and social advantages of large-scale planning
futurama
1939-1940; technology reshapes the perception of time and space, including how individuals experience space -General motors' model in the NY Worlds fare -inspired by Le Corbusier's vision
resettlement administration
April 30, 1935-Tugwell (US Dept of agriculture) convinced Roosevelt to form an agency that would relocate struggling families to govt planned communities -resulted from; gove wanted control of unplanned urban sprawl by implemneting the "---BLANK---"
the three magnets
Ebenezer Howard's idea behind Garden City—town, country, and town-country. Late 1800s. -stament of advantages and disadvantages, rephrased for the conditions of the 1990s. the town has been sanitised and the country has been given urban tech, but both still suffer prob: and, still, towns set in the country offer on optional lifestyle.
Radiant City
Le Corbusier designed the radiant city in 1922 as his utopia. It was designed for the elite and exhibited a deep respect for technology.
progressive era
Period of reform from 1890s-1920s. -city gov established city planning departments that were initually charged with developing immediate solutions to everyday infrastruture problems, including road congestion, air pollution, and substandard housing. -Opposed waste and corruption while focusing on the general rights of the individual. Pushed for social justice, general equality, and public safety. Significants in this movement included trust-busting, Sherman Anti-trust Act, President Theodore Roosevelt, Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle", Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act of 1906.
edmond n. bacon
THE REDEVELOPMENT OF PHILI -simular to Le Corbusier, he saw that it was a necessity of the auto as key urnban trans mediumm. -push to build expressways -lack of ped pathways n funding
Broadacre City
Wrights re-evocation of the Jeffersonian agrarian ideal as a model of city planning. -emphasis on individualism and hie love of nature.
Towns for the motor age
designed to minimize the requir for autos. autos were relagated to main arterial streets that were on the periphery, thus enabling the separation of pedestrian and vehicle traffic."super blocks" -Radburn
White City
inspired the beautiful city movement ( they were the buildings from the columbian exsposition) in contrast to dark industrial cities