POL SCI Chapter 7
11Which of the following statements about newspapers is accurate?
Newspapers tend to provide less complete coverage of political events than other media.
The media's reporting of the Watergate affair led to
President Richard Nixon's resignation.
Which of the following statements best describes the media's role in the Watergate affair?
Relentless investigations by journalists revealed various abuses of power by President Nixon and led to his resignation.
Which of the following statements is true?
The number of radio stations has grown considerably over the last 25 years.
In recent years, ________ has released thousands of secret government documents.
WikiLeaks
The Pentagon Papers were released as a result of
a leak by a minor Defense Department staffer
Large media conglomerates own approximately ________ percent of daily newspapers.
75
It is estimated that more than ________ percent of Americans have a television.
95
The power of the media to draw public attention to particular issues and problems is called ________.
agenda setting
The "metered model" used by many newspaper websites
allows a certain number of free visits before requiring users to pay.
When did newspapers become financially independent?
at the turn of the twentieth century
The most important selection bias in news is the ________.
audience appeal of a story
Daily Internet users who participate in society and politics through online activities are called ________.
digital citizens
In the United States today, the government
does not own but regulates the content and ownership of broadcast media.
The fact that journalists referred to the Obama administration's health care initiative as "reform" instead of as "health care rationing" is an example of ________.
framing
The greatest challenge for journalism organizations today is
generating enough revenue to finance traditional investigative journalism.
Advertising revenue at print newspapers is ________ what it was in 2005.
half
Besides their ideological biases, journalists also exhibit selection biases in favor of news stories they view as
having a great deal of dramatic or entertainment value.
In the American media, there has been a recent trend towards
homogenization of national news, as conglomerates have come to own a larger percentage of media outlets.
The press release was created
in the early twentieth century by a public relations firm working for a railroad.
Edward Snowden is most known for
leaking the material that revealed widespread global surveillance programs by the U.S. government and major telecommunication companies.
Which of the following is NOT one of the potential disadvantages of shifting away from traditional media and toward digital media?
less "horse race" coverage during elections.
A majority of newspaper reporters identify themselves as ________.
liberal.
The Communications Decency Act
made it illegal to make "indecent" sexual material on the Internet accessible to those under age 18.
Google News and Real Clear Politics are good examples of ________.
news aggregators
What is niche journalism
news reporting targeted for a demographic of readers based on content or ideological presentation
A website devoted entirely to reporting on climate change and other environmental issues would be an example of ________ journalism.
niche
Which group is the least likely to have high-speed Internet access at home?
non-English-speaking Hispanics
Which of the following requires a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) license in order to legally broadcast in the United States?
over-the-air television stations
The cheap, tabloid-style newspapers produced in the nineteenth century were collectively referred to as the ________.
penny press
During the nineteenth century. newspapers were controlled by
political parties
If a radio station aired a personal attack against a candidate but refused to allow the same candidate the opportunity to respond to that attack on its station, the station would be in violation of the ________.
right of rebuttal
In Red Lion Broadcasting Company v. FCC (1969), the Supreme Court upheld the ________.
right of rebuttal
Despite its widespread availability, ________ typically provide(s) the least depth of news coverage.
television
Which media source is regulated by the federal government?
television
Which of the following news sources reaches the most Americans?
television
Much of the national news that is published in local newspapers is provided by ________.
the Associated Press
Which of the following is NOT a reason that many Americans appear to prefer online news?
the accuracy and objectivity compared to traditional media outlets
Which of the following requires a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) license in order to legally broadcast in the United States?
the answer is not cable television stations
What has helped accelerate the trend toward less variety in national news in the past decade?
the corporate consolidation of news media into a small number of conglomerates
The fact that only 63 percent of high school graduates have broadband Internet access at home, while almost 90 percent of college graduates do is an example of
the digital divide
In the Pentagon Papers case, the Supreme Court ruled that
the government could not block the release of the papers.
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is owned by
the government, but allowed to report whatever it wants.
The development of media giants with access to a variety of media holdings raises the question of whether
there is enough competition among the media to produce a diverse set of views and opinions.
Low-level officials who hope to publicize what they view as their bosses' or the government's improper activities are usually called ________.
whistle-blowers
Most local newspapers get their national news from ________.
wire services
The Vietnam War initiated the growth of ________ journalism.
adversarial
According to political scientist Amber Boydstun, the media has a(n) ________ for breaking stories and a(n) ________ for covering them in greater depth.
"alarm mode"; "patrol mode"
Facebook has more than ________ users worldwide.
1 billion
11 The number of radio stations in the United States has grown from ________ in 1990 to more than ________ today.
400 to 2,000
11 In 1998, only ________ percent of Americans had Internet access. Today, more than ________ percent of Americans use the Internet.
25; 80
If a television station sold commercial time to a Republican candidate for governor but refused to sell time to the Democratic candidate for governor, this station would be in violation of the ________.
Equal Time Rule
The ________ provides candidates for the same political office equal opportunities to communicate their messages.
Equal time rule
In 1985, the federal government stopped enforcing the ________, arguing that it was no longer necessary due to the increasing number of television and radio stations.
Fairness Doctrine
Which agency regulates broadcast media?
Federal Communications Commission
The Communications Decency Act was struck down by the Supreme Court because it violated the
First Amendment's right to freedom of speech.
Which statement about the Telecommunications Act of 1996 is true?
Following passage of the act, several mergers between telephone and cable companies produced a greater concentration of media ownership.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
bans explicit sexual and excretory references on airwaves at all hours of the day.
The Fairness Doctrine required that
broadcasters who aired controversial issues provide time for opposing viewpoints.
11 During the last decade, the number of newspaper journalists working in the United States has ________.
decreased by more than 40 percent.