POL202

POL 202 Chapter 2 Flashcards | Quizlet

-Eu pledges 1 billion for the next ten years- EU pledges 1 billion this year and the possibility of 2 billion/year in future years if the bill is approved-EU will allow Kundu to produce anti HIV drug. Reduce health care by 500$ million.-EU pledges to provide election monitors to ensure next election is fair

Imagine that two states, State C and State D, are bargaining over who rightfully controls a piece of territory between the two countries. The current arrangement is that State C and State D both control 50 percent. If State C and State D fight, State C would acquire 70 percent. However, 30 percent would be destroyed in the conflict. Order the following possible outcomes for State C from most preferred to least preferred.

60 status 45 war 20

Which of the following was the predecessor to the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

GATT

Different country-level factors influence the likelihood of civil war. Sort the following factors by those more likely to lead to civil war and those less likely to lead to civil war.

More Likely to Lead to Civil War a regime that is neither fully democratic nor strongly autocratic rugged terrain in a large country that is difficult for the limited state forces to patrol Less Likely to Lead to Civil War political processes that allow for grievances to be addresses through free and fair elections a powerful autocratic leader that commands a robust network of security forces

Choose all of the following about the gold standard that are true.

correct It allowed for easier exchange between international currencies. It meant that a country would allow its currency to be exchanged for gold at a preestablished rate. It facilitated international trade, migration, and investment. incorrect: It was initially adopted by the United States and then copied by others.

Two countries rely on water from a river that runs through both. The two countries bargain over how much water each country should be allowed to take. While Country A has historically controlled the bulk of the river, Country B is going through a period of rapid economic growth; in ten years, Country B is projected to be much more powerful than Country A. This economic growth would be slowed significantly in war, however, because Country A's air force could destroy Country B's ports. Which of the following statements are true?

correct Country A may be better off in waging war now because the war outcome it can obtain now is preferable to any likely outcome ten years in the future. Country B has an interest in agreeing to let the United Nations monitor and enforce the current water arrangement. incorrect Country B will definitely wage war in ten years because the war outcome it could obtain then is preferable to any outcome it could obtain today. Neither Country A nor Country B have an interest in waging war because any war would be far too costly.

Which of the following groups were feared by the absolute monarchs who ruled Europe in the nineteenth century?

correct democratic revolutionaries socialists incorrect: the Concert of Europe pro-imperialist forces

Page 211.3. The Thirty Years' Crisis Which of these statements about the League of Nations are correct?

correct: The League of Nations was formed in the wake of World War I. The League was created to ensure collective security among its members. incorrect: The League succeeded for 60 years, before it was renamed the United Nations. The purpose of the League was to encourage freer trade among members.

Page(s) 100-1053.1. What Is the Purpose of War? Which of these explain why there are almost always bargains that any two states prefer to fighting?

costs pf fighting

One way that institutions can make cooperation easier is by setting standards that allow all countries to know if another country is abiding by its agreements. Which of the following in an example of how the World Trade Organization (WTO) sets standards?

creating rules

Page(s) 205-2075.1. Alliances: Why Promise to Fight Someone Else's War? State A and State B are in an alliance. They engage in joint military planning together, and they publicly pledge to defend the other in the event of attack. These kinds of activities are attempts to strengthen what?

credibilty of commitment

World Bank

encouraging private investment in developing countries

Analyze the map, and then choose the claim it best supports.

expanded russia

Five countries—China, France, Russia, Great Britain, and the United States—have permanent seats on the Security Council and a veto over substantive Council decisions. Because each of the five members has the same veto, this demonstrates that the rules that guide the Security Council are neutral and do not give an advantage to certain United Nations' 193 member states over others.

false

The United States and the Soviet Union avoided nuclear war in the 1960s, despite major clashes over interventions in Cuba, Czechoslovakia, and elsewhere, because the United States' European allies in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization threatened to dissolve the alliance if war broke out.

false

The most powerful countries of the P5 tend to supply the most personnel to peacekeeping operations.

false

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between ethnic/religious divisions and civil war?

inequality or exclusion

Which of these terms best describes economic organizations such as the United States Chamber of Commerce or Google, as well as organizations that focus on social or cultural issues such as the World Wildlife Fund or Greenpeace?

interest groups.

115-117, 119-120, 121-1253.3. Can an Adversary Be Trusted to Honor a Deal? War from Commitment Problems After withdrawing the United States from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in 2018, Donald Trump reimposed economic sanctions on Iran and threatened military escalation to try to induce Iran to make more concessions. Which of the following made threats of military escalation more or less credible?

less credible the United States' experience with regime change in Iraq that proved to be very costly, destabilizing, and unpopular with the American public the high costs of a war with Iran due to the country's size, terrain, and ability to strike back more credible Increased U.S. military presence in the region The assassination of a top Iranian military commander in Iraq in January 2020 by U.S. forces

After World War I ended in 1919, which countries were more powerful and which less powerful, globally, than they were before the war?

less powerful:-Germany-Ottoman Empire-Britain More Powerful:-United States

Using the Stolper-Samuelson model, label each group of actors in the described country with its likely preference in trade policy for either openness or protectionism.

low-skilled labor in a wealthy, developed countryprotectionism Correct label:protectionism low-skilled labor in a developing country where such labor is abundantopenness Correct label:openness capitalists in a wealthy, developed countryopenness Correct label:openness farmers in a land-scarce countryprotectionism Correct label:protectionism

That tobacco grown in the Virginia colony could be exported only to Britain is an example of which of the following?

mercantilism

Each player has two possible strategies, cooperate or defect, which gives four possible outcomes: player 1 cooperates, player 2 cooperates player 1 cooperates, player 2 defects player 1 defects, player 2 cooperates player 1 defects, player 2 defects Order the four possible outcomes from best to worst from the point of view of player 1, whose actions are listed first.

player 1 defects, player 2 cooperates player 1 cooperates, player 2 cooperates player 1 defects, player 2 defects player 1 cooperates, player 2 defects

The U.S. Congress has traditionally been more protectionist than the president. Which of the following best explains this pattern?

president represents country congres only district

When two countries that would gain from trade choose not to liberalize trade because of concerns that the other country might find hidden ways to maintain its barriers through health or safety regulations, this most closely resembles which of the following game theory interactions?

prisoner's dilemma

Which of the following is the most accurate conclusion from this figure?

rebels engage in terrorism prolong civil wars

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

reducing trade barriers

These charts show the number of terrorist attacks broken down by motivation alongside a breakdown of casualties by motivation. In the pie chart labeled "Number of Attacks," click the kind of terrorist motivation that was responsible for a disproportionately large number of casualties relative to the number of attacks.

religous

in recent decades, civil wars have been more common than interstate wars.

true

Two hypothetical countries, Val Verde and Santo Azure, are both land-scarce with agricultural sectors that employ relatively few people and are concentrated in a few rural provinces that nonetheless enjoy the same status as more populous urban province. The two countries also have identical political party structures and electoral rules. In Val Verde, the legislature contains an equal number of representatives from each province (like the U.S. Senate). In Santo Azure, representation in the legislature is allocated according to the population of each province (like the U.S. House of Representatives). In which country is it more likely that the legislature will enact protectionist measures for agriculture?

val verde

Page 482.1. Interests: What Do Actors Want from Politics? Label each example as either an action that respects state sovereignty, as it is defined in the text, or that violates state sovereignty.

violates state sovereignty- The United States, acting on its own, uses a drone to kill a member of the Taliban in Pakistan. The Israeli intelligence agency kidnaps Adolf Eichmann from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Correct label: respects state sovereignty The United States loans $12 billion to Mexico to bail out Mexico from its financial crisis. China imposes tariffs of 105 percent on chickens from the United States in retaliation for U.S. tariffs on Chinese steel and tires. The United States sends federal troops to enforce a court order to desegregate Little Rock High School in Arkansas.

Which of the following are equilibrium outcomes in the Stag Hunt?

when both players cooperate and both players defect

Scholars point to grievances and greed as the two main sources of conflict that lead to civil wars

civil

Which statement best describes the pattern shown on this map?

conflict and attacks happen same states

Choose all of the following that are nontariff barriers to trade that act to restrict imports.

Correct Answer(s) "Buy American" laws that govern what federal, state, or local governments can buy quantitative restrictions (quotas) on goods imported Incorrect Answer(s) a tax on imports levied at the border and paid by the importer regional trade agreements (RTAs) that allow members to bid for government procurement contracts in other member states

Which of the following statements about Figure A.2 are correct?

Correct Answer(s) At the lower price for a freely traded good, domestic consumer demand increases. As trade in a good opens up, the price for that good falls. Incorrect Answer(s) With freer trade, producer surplus increases. Aggregate welfare—the combination of producer and consumer surplus—decreases with free trade.

Choose all of the following that are examples of the factors that the Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory uses to explain national comparative advantage and trading patterns.

Correct Answer(s) China and India exporting their labor-intensive manufactures to North America and Western Europe and importing capital-intensive industrial goods—including the complex machinery needed to operate domestic factories the United States exporting capital-intensive machinery to Mexico, while labor-rich Mexico sends labor-intensive manufactured products to the United States the United States exporting agricultural products during the nineteenth century Incorrect Answer(s) trading between branches of a company, such as when a Ford engine factory in the United States sends an engine to a Ford assembly plant in Mexico

Choose all of the following statements that are supported by the figure.

Correct Answer(s) Interstate wars have nearly disappeared in recent years. More states have been involved in civil wars than interstate wars for most of the post-World War II era. incorrect Most of the 1800s saw more interstate wars per year than civil wars. In any given year, more than 100 states are involved in some type of warfare.

Why is deterring terrorist networks so difficult? Choose all that apply.

Correct Answer(s) Retaliation may play into the terrorists' plans. Targets cannot make especially credible retaliation threats. Incorrect Answer(s) International law does not sanction retaliation against terrorists. Few states have an interest in ending terrorist threats.

Choose all of the following that are historical examples of trade liberalization.

Correct Answer(s) the Western world after 1945 large developing countries such as Brazil and India after the 1980s Incorrect Answer(s) the 300 years after 1492 the 30 years following the outbreak of World War I in 1914

country A has just announced trade protections to limit imports of cotton fabric. Sort the following groups of actors according to whether they stand to gain or lose from this trade protectionism.

Gain from Protectionism Country A's cotton fabric producers Country A's clothing retailers Country A's consumers Country A's apparel industry (i.e., the producers of finished garments) Country B's cotton fabric producerscountry A has just announced trade protections to limit imports of cotton fabric. Sort the following groups of actors according to whether they stand to gain or lose from this trade protectionism.

In each of the following time periods, was global trade relatively high or low?

Global trade was high. Pax Britannica 1980-2000 low between World Wars I and II

To find the bargaining range, states must know the costs of war → for themselves and their adversary. ___ arises in crisis bargaining when states ___ readily observe or measure the political and military factors that determine their adversary's expected value for war.

Incomplete information cannot

Match each theory of how different sets of actors will support or oppose trade protectionism with the corresponding example(s).

Large firms with significant exports, like General Motors or Microsoft in the United States, will support further trade liberalization.firm-based trade theory Correct label:firm-based trade theory Farmers in land-poor Japan are protectionist, but farmers in land-rich Argentina will be free traders.Stolper-Samuelson theorem Correct label:Stolper-Samuelson theorem Industry-specific factors of production such as capital equipment for steel-making in the United States lead this industrial sector to be protectionist when faced with stiff import competition, unlike other capital-intensive industries.Ricardo-Viner (specific factors) model Correct label:Ricardo-Viner (specific factors) model In the unskilled-labor-scarce and capital-abundant United States, unskilled workers will support trade barriers, while investors and skilled workers oppose them.Stolper-Samuelson theorem Correct label:Stolper-Samuelson theorem

Complete the following statement.

Rebel groups in the Darfur region of Sudan have been unable to come to terms for peace at least in part because they do not agree amongst themselves about what such a peace should look like. This is an example of the credible commitment problem. In a different conflict, the Russians were willing to bear significant costs to triumph over Chechnyan separatists in part because they feared that letting one separatist group leave would lead to others wanting to do the same. This speaks to the indivisibility problem that can sometimes make civil wars intractable.

Which of the following best describes how the concept of accountability applies to domestic politics and war?

The primary mechanism through which political institutions influence decisions about war and peace is accountability

During the nineteenth century, Great Britain was the most powerful state in the world and could be considered a hegemon for much of that period because of its predominance.

There have been relatively few times in world history when there has been a clear hegemon. The U.S. after the end of the Cold War was the most recent.

Choose all of the following that are examples of ways in which the negotiation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) can overcome problems of strategic interaction

Ways RTAs Overcome Problems of Strategic Interaction RTAs involve smaller numbers of countries, which may make it easier for members to monitor each other's behavior. RTAs can allow concessions in trade policies to be made by linking such concessions to other national interests. Not Ways RTAs Overcome Problems of Strategic Interaction RTAs allow for more countries to participate than the WTO does. RTAs avoid skepticism that international trade institutions don't satisfy individual country's interests.

Complete the following statement.

When governments agree to exchange trade-policy concessions with another, this is known as reciprocity, a concept related to the more general most-favored-nation status guaranteeing that signatories to a trade agreement will receive the same favorable trading terms that are offered in agreements with third parties.

One of the most important challenges to American hegemony in the twenty-first century has come from the rise of China, whose growing military power and massive economy have strained its relationship with the United States over the last 10 years.

china

During the late nineteenth century, we saw a renewed push by imperial powers to colonize what part of the world?

africa

In the following paragraph, click on all actions or policies by the government of Country A that have the effect of sheltering domestic producers from foreign competition.

also requires state and local governments to purchase paper products made domestically. tarrif on textiles

Alsace-Lorraine is a wealthy territory on the border between France and Germany. France currently rules the territory. Imagine that Germany is more powerful than France. Germany desires the region and is threatening war if France does not cede control. France's interests in its economic and territorial integrity lead to the following ordering of possible outcomes: retain control of Alsace-Lorraine without fighting a war with Germany lose Alsace-Lorraine without fighting a war with Germany lose Alsace-Lorraine after fighting a war with Germany If Germany threatens war and France believes the threat, then France should concede control of Alsace-Lorraine. What statement best characterizes France's action?bes

best response

Page(s) 71-762.3. Institutions: Do Rules Matter in World Politics? Institutions can facilitate cooperation among states in at least four ways: setting standards, verifying compliance, reducing the cost of joint decision making, and resolving disputes. Match each method to the appropriate scenario describing an institutional behavior.

resolve disputes- Panama and Colombia are both members of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In 2013, Panama requested that the WTO evaluate a complaint concerning a Colombian tariff affecting the importation of certain textiles, apparel, and footwear produced in Panama. verify compliance- Every five years, the countries that have ratified the Paris Climate Agreement are required to report on their progress toward meeting their climate commitments. reduce cost of joint decision making- The UN Security Council has 5 permanent and 10 rotating members. To be approved, new resolutions considered by the Council must receive affirmative votes by at least 9 of the 15, including the concurring votes of the 5 permanent members. set standards of behavior- The Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, which entered into force in 1950, provides extensive details on the housing, food, clothing, hygiene, medical attention, and religious, intellectual, and physical activities of prisoners of war.

trade policy in the United States is largely influenced by the organization and representation of different interests. In the following pairs of competing interests, click on the one that is better organized or better represented in Congress.

rural farmers

International Monetary Fund

supervising the reformed gold standard

A group can be both a terrorist organization and involved in a civil war.

true