Political Science Test 2

precedent

"stare decisis" is the latin term that refers to the practice of relying on ____

divided government

___ ___ occurs when one party controls the presidency while the other party controls at least one house of congress

bureaucratic discretion

___ ____ refers to bureaucrats' authority to use their own judgement in interpreting and carrying out the laws of congress

cloture

a vote that attempts to end a senate filibuster

federal bureaucracy

administrator, rule maker, and judge are all of role of ___ ____

civilian head of the military

as commander-in-chief, the president serves as ___ ____ ___ ___ _____

increased

because of chief justice john marshall's ruling in Marbury v. Madison, the power of the court vastly _____

less powerful

compared to the modern president, the president envisioned by the framers was ___ ____

2/3 vote

congress must have _____ by both houses of congress in order for a bill to pass to become law after the president has vetoed it

civil law

law that regulates relations between individuals

state of union address

modern presidents use their annual ____ to present their legislative agenda to congress

iron triangles

phenomenon of members of interest groups, congressional committees, and bureaucratic agencies cooperating for mutual benefit

restraint

practitioners of "judicial ____" believe strongly in the principle of "stare decisis" and reject any active lawmaking by the supreme court as unconstitutional

inherent powers

presidential powers not explicitly stated in the constitution

constitutional amendment

presidents are limited to two full terms in office by ____ _____

gerrymandering

redrawing congressional district boundaries to favor a particular group or party

constitutionally protected

strict constructionists argue that there is no _____ _____ right to privacy

rule of four

the ___ ___ ___ refers to the number of supreme court justices who must agree to grant a case certiorari in order for the case to be heard

president's cabinet

the ___ ____ is composed of the oppointees heading each major department in the executive branch

executive branch

the bulk of the federal bureaucracy is found in the ___ ____

congress, general

the bureaucracy engages in the lawmaking process because ___ often passes very ____ laws that require clarification before they can be enforced

descriptive representation

the idea that a representative body should demographically mirror the population

senate

the job confirming presidential appointments belongs to the ______

freedom of information act

the law that allows citizens access to make copies of most public records held by agencies

435

the number of of representatives with voting priviledges in the U.S. House of Representatives

review

the power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws is called judicial ____

patronage

the practice in which successful party candidates reward supporters with jobs or favors

power, budget

the president's most powerful weapons to control the bureaucracy are his appointment ____ and his control of the ___

redistricting

the process of redrawing congressional districts to match population shifts in states with more than one representative

reapportionment

the reallocation of congressional seats among the states every ten years, following the census

the great depression

the response of the president to what event led to americans' belief that government should play a much more active role in helping solve problems beyond their control

activism

the term "judicial ___" refers to the view that courts should be lawmaking, policymaking bodies

neutral competence

the ultimate purpose of depoliticizing government bureaucracies is to create _____

authoritative representation

what does the textbook not identify as a type of representation

flexible goals

what is bureaucracy not characterized by