Political Science Test 2
precedent
"stare decisis" is the latin term that refers to the practice of relying on ____
divided government
___ ___ occurs when one party controls the presidency while the other party controls at least one house of congress
bureaucratic discretion
___ ____ refers to bureaucrats' authority to use their own judgement in interpreting and carrying out the laws of congress
cloture
a vote that attempts to end a senate filibuster
federal bureaucracy
administrator, rule maker, and judge are all of role of ___ ____
civilian head of the military
as commander-in-chief, the president serves as ___ ____ ___ ___ _____
increased
because of chief justice john marshall's ruling in Marbury v. Madison, the power of the court vastly _____
less powerful
compared to the modern president, the president envisioned by the framers was ___ ____
2/3 vote
congress must have _____ by both houses of congress in order for a bill to pass to become law after the president has vetoed it
civil law
law that regulates relations between individuals
state of union address
modern presidents use their annual ____ to present their legislative agenda to congress
iron triangles
phenomenon of members of interest groups, congressional committees, and bureaucratic agencies cooperating for mutual benefit
restraint
practitioners of "judicial ____" believe strongly in the principle of "stare decisis" and reject any active lawmaking by the supreme court as unconstitutional
inherent powers
presidential powers not explicitly stated in the constitution
constitutional amendment
presidents are limited to two full terms in office by ____ _____
gerrymandering
redrawing congressional district boundaries to favor a particular group or party
constitutionally protected
strict constructionists argue that there is no _____ _____ right to privacy
rule of four
the ___ ___ ___ refers to the number of supreme court justices who must agree to grant a case certiorari in order for the case to be heard
president's cabinet
the ___ ____ is composed of the oppointees heading each major department in the executive branch
executive branch
the bulk of the federal bureaucracy is found in the ___ ____
congress, general
the bureaucracy engages in the lawmaking process because ___ often passes very ____ laws that require clarification before they can be enforced
descriptive representation
the idea that a representative body should demographically mirror the population
senate
the job confirming presidential appointments belongs to the ______
freedom of information act
the law that allows citizens access to make copies of most public records held by agencies
435
the number of of representatives with voting priviledges in the U.S. House of Representatives
review
the power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws is called judicial ____
patronage
the practice in which successful party candidates reward supporters with jobs or favors
power, budget
the president's most powerful weapons to control the bureaucracy are his appointment ____ and his control of the ___
redistricting
the process of redrawing congressional districts to match population shifts in states with more than one representative
reapportionment
the reallocation of congressional seats among the states every ten years, following the census
the great depression
the response of the president to what event led to americans' belief that government should play a much more active role in helping solve problems beyond their control
activism
the term "judicial ___" refers to the view that courts should be lawmaking, policymaking bodies
neutral competence
the ultimate purpose of depoliticizing government bureaucracies is to create _____
authoritative representation
what does the textbook not identify as a type of representation
flexible goals
what is bureaucracy not characterized by