POLS 1000 CH.7

The legal system that is applied uniformly and based on the accumulated rulings of judges over time is called the _____ law tradition.

Common

_____ law establishes the basic powers of and limitations on governmental institutions and the interrelationship of governmental institutions.

Constitutional

Which of the following is NOT a criterion used by presidents in choosing Supreme Court nominees?

Endorsements received by national news media

The significance of Marbury v. Madison was that it established the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

False

While American citizens are not equal in terms of income and wealth, these are generally not factors in how citizens are treated in the criminal justice system, or in opportunities for legal representation.

False

A law requiring seatbelts to be worn in cars is an example of _____ law.

Substantive

The Rule of Four refers to the number of

Supreme Court justices who must agree to grant a case certiorari in order for the case to be heard.

According to the text, overt racial bias continues to be a primary factor in racial disparities in the criminal justice system.

True

I believe the constitution provides for an individual's right to own guns without any regulation by the government. This is an example of judicial interpretivism.

True

The term "judicial ______" refers to the view that courts should be lawmaking, policymaking bodies.

activism

_____ law regulates relations between individuals.

civil

In _____ cases, the burden of proof is the preponderance of evidence, while in _____ cases it is beyond a reasonable doubt.

civil; criminal

A strict constructionist would likely argue that there is no

constitutionally protected right to privacy.

Laws passed by the government that prohibit specific behavior the government believes is harmful to the public are

criminal laws.

The two main approaches to interpreting the Constitution are

judicial interpretivism and strict constructionism.

Because of Chief Justice John Marshall's ruling in Marbury v. Madison, the

power of the Court vastly increased.

In a civil case, what might a jury consider as a way to dissuade the responsible/liable party from engaging in such actions again in the future?

punitive damages

Lochner v. New York (1905) was a typical case of the period between the Civil War and the 1930s because

the court continued to reject government efforts to regulate the economy in the interests of working people.

Of the following, what is perhaps the most important consideration for Presidents in nominating judges for the federal courts?

the nominee's political ideology

Granting corporations the rights and liberties of individual persons (the legal principle of "corporate personhood")

was the result of court decisions in the late 1800s