POLS Exam 3
"A decision of the Supreme Court in which a majority of the Court agrees on the decision, but there is no majority agreement on the decision is a " dissenting opinion. concurring opinion. majority opinion. plurality opinion.
plurality opinion.
There is no court in the federal courts system that possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction. True False
False
What is the most important consideration in the selection of Supreme Court justices? Judicial experience Age Party affiliation and political philosophy Geography
Party affiliation and political philosophy
"____ has the power to establish lower courts, determine what cases courts can hear, and regulates which matters decided in lower courts the Supreme Court can review." Congress The president The Senate A panel of three judges
Congress
Who sets the jurisdictional boundaries of the federal courts? The president The states Congress The Supreme Court
Congress
Rational-comprehensive decision making is the most realistic approach to explaining public policy development. You Answered True False
False
Roughly 50% of district court verdicts end up being appealed to the circuit courts. True False
False
The Constitution prohibits elected politicians from being nominated as Supreme Court justices. True False
False
The president struggles to exert a meaningful check on the power of Congress due to a lack of organizational and staff resources. True False
False
The psychological approach to studying the presidency is widely acknowledged as the most successful in enabling us to make predictions about future success. True False
False
Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) is the policy making approach most often used by public officials. True False
False
Bureaucratic appointments made based on political connections rather than skills and qualifications exemplify which of the following? The civil service system The merit system Neutral competence The spoils system
The spoils system
Federal bureaucracies are political institutions. True False
True
Government bureaucracies are largely responsible for the performance of the governing/political system. True False
True
Public policy making frequently brings our core principles of democracy into conflict with one another. True False
True
The Supreme Court is the only federal court that can hear appeals from state courts. True False
True
The evaluations of policy analysts can never be truly objective.
True
The threat of a veto is an important tool for presidential persuasion. True False
True
Unelected bureaucrats working in regulatory agencies have the power to issue rules that carry the force of law and to enforce those rules in court-like proceedings that determine guilt and impose punishments. True False
True
Congress can impeach the president and federal judges for high crimes and misdemeanors. bribery. all of the above. treason.
all of the above.
"The way a member of Congress behaves, explains legislative actions, and presents himself or herself when visiting the district is known as " home style. electioneering. branding. home cooking.
home style.
The problem with fire alarm oversight is "bureaucracies rarely exercise their rulemaking authority , making it difficult for a legislator to assess bureaucratic intent. " there is too much bureaucratic incompetence and corruption for any single legislator to keep up with. it is reactive instead of proactive. the costs outweigh the benefits because most of the times bureaucracies do what that are supposed to do .
it is reactive instead of proactive.
A Supreme Court justice who believes that the Court should defer policy making decisions to elected branches of government is a proponent of judicial incrementalism. judicial apathy. judicial restraint. judicial activism.
judicial restraint.
Groups of people who either receive benefits or bear costs as a result of a policy decision are known as """target populations."" " """issue publics."" " """pressure groups."" " """free riders."" "
"""target populations."" "
The principal-agent model is "based on the notion that the primary role of the bureaucracy is to implement the mandates issued to it by its political principals (e.g., Congress, the president)." a way to ensure fair treatment and protect constitutional rights similar to the way school principals are supposed to enforce rules fairly. a way to make government bureaucracies more efficient. a way for the president to control the bureaucracy by selecting the people who will head its agencies.
"based on the notion that the primary role of the bureaucracy is to implement the mandates issued to it by its political principals (e.g., Congress, the president)."
The federal bureaucracy is overseen by Congress. is centralized under the Executive Office of the President. "consists of numerous departments, independent agencies, and advisory committees." is government by centralized boards of control in each branch of government.
"consists of numerous departments, independent agencies, and advisory committees."
"The theory of policy making that seeks to explain why decision making in large, complex institutions (such as universities) often seems irrational is known as " "the ""recycle bin""." "the ""policy windows"" theory." "the ""garbage can"" model." "the ""satisficing"" theory."
"the ""garbage can"" model."
The period in which presidents enjoy their highest approval ratings is "the first-year ""honeymoon"" period." the mid-term elections. the final year of their term. their second term in office.
"the first-year ""honeymoon"" period."
"Other things being equal, about what percentage more votes would the president win if his public approval rating goes up 12 percent?" 36% 24% 3% 12%
3%
Which court represents the highest level to which a case involving a question of state law can be carried? A state court of last resort or state Supreme Court The Judicial Conference The U.S. Supreme Court A U.S. circuit court
A state court of last resort or state Supreme Court
The basic characteristics o the bureaucratic model of organization apply to The Roman Catholic Church. Texas A&M University. All of the above. The Department of Defense.
All of the above.
Which of the following is a formal proof that no decision-making system can guarantee that the rank-ordered preferences of a group will reflect the rank-ordered preferences of the set of rational individuals who make up that group? "The ""garbage can"" model of decision making" Nash equilibrium Arrows impossibility theorem Duverger's law
Arrows impossibility theorem
"According to Neustadt, which of the following influences a president's ability to persuade?" Both a and b Professional reputation (qualifications) None of the above Public prestige
Both a and b
____ occurs when work is assigned according to a task specialization. Organization centralization Inefficiency Profitability Division of labor
Division of labor
"Based on evidence presented in class, which president was the most popular during his time in office?" Bill Clinton Dwight Eisenhower George W. Bush Ronald Reagan
Dwight Eisenhower
The president's most influential advisors and agencies comprise the White House Office. Executive Office of the President (EOP). Office of Management and Budget (OMB). State Department.
Executive Office of the President (EOP).
"Which of the following takes the legal form of a contract between two nations, but does not require two-thirds approval from the Senate?" Treaties Diplomatic agreements Executive agreements Executive arrangements
Executive agreements
The Brownlow Committee recommendations best reflect the pursuit of which value? Bureaucratic autonomy Congressional oversight Neutral competence Executive leadership
Executive leadership
"""Legal realism"" is a model of judicial decision making that requires a rigid adherence to the letter of the law. " True False
False
"Because members of Congress have powerful electoral incentives to ensure that their laws are being implemented as intended, ""police patrol"" oversight is the most common approach to oversight of the bureaucracy. " True False
False
"Federal appeals are typically heard ""en banc,"" meaning that all of the judges in the circuit hear the case. " True False
False
"NASA is a federal agency under the authority of the Department of Defense, reflecting its mission of developing military superiority in space. " True False
False
"Public policy should always be guided by majority preferences, even when it means denying a minority group a right to which they feel they are entitled. " True False
False
"The bureaucracy cannot reasonably be considered a ""fourth branch of government"" because it is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. " True False
False
"The five characteristics of bureaucracy developed by Weber apply only to public (i.e., government) bureaucracies. " True False
False
"Unlike the elected branches of government, American bureaucracy is remarkable for its racial and gender diversity, which is an almost perfect reflection of the U.S. population" True False
False
All presidents since George Washington have followed the tradition of personally delivering a State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress. True False
False
Congress is primarily responsible for the policy implementation stage of public policymaking. True False
False
Executive orders are an unconstitutional abuse of presidential authority. True False
False
Frequent use of the veto is an indisputable sign of presidential strength. True False
False
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) exemplify which of the following characteristics of bureaucracy? Formal rules Division of labor Hierarchy Professionalization
Formal rules
How many Supreme Court justices are needed to issue a writ of certiorari? Five Nine Four Zero
Four
How many Supreme Court justices are needed to issue a writ of certiorari? Nine Four Five Zero
Four
Presidents who make direct appeals to the public in order to put pressure on Congress to support presidential initiatives are engaging in which of the following strategies? Campaigning Going public Direct lobbying Logrolling
Going public
Presidents who impose clear lines of authority within the White House and delegate important responsibilities to a chief of staff utilize which of the following organizational models? Spokes-of-the-wheel model Hierarchical model Partisan model Distributive model
Hierarchical model
Which of the following was the most recently created agency in the Executive Office of the President? Drug Enforcement Agency Homeland Security National Security Council Council of Economic Advisers
Homeland Security
"According to the notion of neutral competence, what function does the bureaucracy perform?" Take sides Implement public policy Decide public policy Appropriate funds for public policies
Implement public policy
"The phrase ""the science of muddling through"" has been used to describe which approach to policy making?" Zero-based budgeting. Incrementalism. Punctuated equilibrium. Rational-comprehensive decision making
Incrementalism.
Which of the following is an example of a bad public policy that resulted from majority rule? The Equal Rights Amendment Correct Answer Jim Crow laws The League of Nations Roe v. Wade
Jim Crow laws
"The pejorative phrase ""red tape"" relates to which of the following characteristics of bureaucracy? " Formal rules Division of labor Maintenance of files and records Hierarchy
Maintenance of files and records
The power of judicial review conflicts with which of the following basic democratic values? Political equality and popular sovereignty Economic equality and popular sovereignty Economic equality and majority rule Majority rule and popular sovereignty
Majority rule and popular sovereignty
The 1803 case in which the Court asserted the power of judicial review was Baker v. Carr. McCulloch v. Maryland. Marbury v. Madison. Plessy v. Ferguson.
Marbury v. Madison.
"When agencies base their hiring and promotion decisions on job-specific skills rather than political connections, they are promoting which of the following values? " Representativeness Neutral competence Responsiveness Executive leadership
Neutral competence
The agency within the Executive Office of the President that is responsible for assisting the president in his budget recommendations is the Council of Economic Advisers. Congressional Budget Office. General Accounting Office. Office of Management and Budget
Office of Management and Budget
Systematically monitoring bureaucracy to ensure that it is acting in accordance with democratically expressed preferences is Police patrol oversight. fire alarm oversight. none of the above. adjudication.
Police patrol oversight.
The active oversight of the bureaucracy by elected officials to make sure that agency performance is meeting public expectations is known as ambulance chaser oversight. Police patrol oversight. fire alarm oversight. the public advocate role.
Police patrol oversight.
The political influence of wealthy lobbying groups is most detrimental to which of the following core values of democracy? Political equality Majority rule Popular sovereignty Political freedom
Political equality
"What perspective on presidential power did Lincoln articulate to justify taking actions that were otherwise unconstitutional, but that he believed were necessary to preserve the Constitution?" Imperial presidency Prerogative view Stewardship doctrine Restrictive view
Prerogative view
How does party control of Congress affect presidential success? "If the president is bipartisan, he will be more successful if Congress is controlled by the opposition party." Party control of Congress has only a small affect on presidential success. Presidents whose party holds a majority in Congress are more likely to get their policies enacted into law. "If the president is highly popular, party control of Congress makes no difference in his success."
Presidents whose party holds a majority in Congress are more likely to get their policies enacted into law.
Which of the following perspectives on presidential power suggests that the president can only exercise powers that are explicitly listed in the Constitution? Imperial presidency Stewardship doctrine Restrictive view Prerogative view
Restrictive view
Which of the following perspectives on presidential power suggests that the president can take any action the nation needs as long as it is not explicitly prohibited by the Constitution? Imperial presidency Restrictive view Stewardship doctrine Prerogative view
Stewardship doctrine
A president whose power is significant and independent from the Congress reflects which of the following models of the presidency? Weak executive model Bureaucratic politics model Strict constructionist model Strong executive model
Strong executive model
"Based on evidence presented in class, which of the following is true regarding judicial activism?" Conservatives are much more activist in overturning laws than liberals. Liberals are much more activist in overturning laws than conservatives. None of the above. Strongly ideological Justices more activist than moderates.
Strongly ideological Justices more activist than moderates.
_____ require(s) that bureaucratic decisions be made in public meetings. Agency capture Sunshine laws Overhead democracy Police patrol oversight
Sunshine laws
Laws requiring agency meetings be open to the public are known as collective action laws. open secrets laws. sunset provisions. Sunshine laws.
Sunshine laws.
Which of the following is at the top of the executive branch hierarchy? Cabinet departments Independent agencies The Executive Office of the President Advisory committees
The Executive Office of the President
_______ established the first merit system for the federal bureaucracy. the Garfield Rule Andrew Jackson Franklin Roosevelt The Pendleton Act
The Pendleton Act
Which of the following is the most powerful agenda setter for government? Congress. The President. Regulatory agencies. The courts.
The President.
"Which of the following calls for open meetings by government agencies and advance notification of the date, time, place and agenda of future meetings?" The Sunset Act The Sunshine Act The 26th Amendment The Freedom of Information Act
The Sunshine Act
Which of the following federal courts can hear appeals made from the state supreme courts? Federal district courts The U.S. Supreme Court All of the above Federal circuit courts of appeals
The U.S. Supreme Court
Scholars who argue that the decision making of judges is influenced by personal values and ideology favor which of the following models? The legal model The originalist model The legal realist model The strategic model
The legal realist model
A bill may become a law without the president's signature in which of the following circumstances? Only if a 2/3 majority of Congress has voted in support of the bill. If Congress has ended its session during the 10 days that the president has to review the bill. The president does not send the unsigned bill back to Congress with written objections. None of the above.
The president does not send the unsigned bill back to Congress with written objections.
Which of the following is a formal power of the presidency Prestige Professional reputation Partisan support The veto
The veto
"Based on evidence presented in the textbook, what is the affect of presidential bargaining skill on success in Congress?" Presidential bargaining skills have a large affect on success in the Senate but very little affect in the House. There is no systematic evidence to support the theory that skilled presidents are more successful than should be expected given conditions they faced. "Presidents with high political skill (e.g., Johnson and Reagan) are much fore successful than should be expected given the conditions they faced." "Presidents with high political skill (e.g., Johnson and Reagan) are slightly more successful than president with low skill (e.g., Nixon and Carter)."
There is no systematic evidence to support the theory that skilled presidents are more successful than should be expected given conditions they faced.
"""Police Patrol"" oversight is an example of the policy evaluation stage of public policymaking. " True False
True
"A ""plurality opinion"" is written when there is majority agreement on the outcome of a case, but disagreement regarding the reasons for that outcome. " True False
True
"Like the elected branches of government, partisan polarization seems to have grown on the Supreme Court as well, with a marked increase in cases decided by one vote. " True False
True
"Probably the most common form of judicial restraint is the self-restraint of the judges themselves, who follow well-established professional norms of objectivity." True False
True
"Public education is a good example of an ""intractable"" problem. " True False
True
"Public policy is a relatively stable, purposive course of action pursued by government officials or agencies." True False
True
"The ""legal model"" of judicial decision making is based on sociological theories of the different professional roles played by lawyers and judges. " True False
True
"The assassination of President Garfield was a major political factor in the passage of the Pendleton Act, which formally ended the ""spoils system."" " True False
True
"The empirical study of the presidency has been hindered in part by the ""small n problem."" " True False
True
"The political and ideological preferences of judges are of primary importance in the ""attitudinal model"" of judicial decision making." True False
True
"The term ""street level bureaucrat"" reflects the power of lower-level bureaucrats to informally define policy through their enforcement decisions. " True False
True
How many Supreme Court justices have been impeached and removed from office? Twenty-three Fifty-eight Zero Two
Zero
The failure of South Carolina to lower the Confederate Flag to half-mast after the mass shooting at the Emanual African Methodist Episcopal Church in 2015 is an example of a policy punctuation. an indicator. feedback. a focusing event.
a focusing event.
The attitudinal model suggest that judicial decision making is driven by public ideology. public opinion. legal criteria. a judge's personal preferences.
a judge's personal preferences.
Cases in U.S. Courts of Appeal are usually decided by a panel of three judges. the solicitor general . juries. the Judicial Conference.
a panel of three judges.
Impact evaluations assess whether a program or policy is achieving its overall objectives. resulting in a high rate of re-election for members of Congress. being implemented according to its stated guidelines. satisfying the interest groups who lobbied for the program.
achieving its overall objectives.
An agency that is seeking to ascertain whether an organization violated a rule is engaged in the process of legislating. lawmaking. rulemaking. adjudication.
adjudication.
Court-like proceedings in which agencies enforce laws and regulations are an example of executive orders. regulations. administration. adjudication.
adjudication.
"In Polisciland, Dr. Julius Feelgood, the chief lobbyist for the nation's pharmaceutical industry, is appointed to head the regulatory agency that oversees the pharmaceutical industry. Concern that Dr. Feelgood might advocate for the interests of the drug companies over the interests of consumers reflects the concept of " fire alarm oversight. police patrol oversight overhead democracy. agency capture.
agency capture.
"When a regulatory agency seems to identify more closely with the industry it is regulating than with the interests of the people, it is an example of " overhead democracy. iron triangles. agency capture. policy subsystems.
agency capture.
"The first stage of the policymaking process, which produces the list of issues and problems the government will pay attention to, is " policy implementation. agenda setting. policy evaluation. policy formulation and adoption.
agenda setting.
The advantages or organizing public agencies along bureaucratic lines include impartiality. stability. all of these. predictability.
all of these
A person or group that has administrative and supervisory responsibilities in an organization or government is called an executive. a legislator. a bureaucrat. a judge.
an executive.
Federal judges are appointed by the president and must be confirmed by the Senate. are nominated by the Senate and must have the full approval of the Congress. are elected using a majority rule in special elections. are nominated by the president and confirmed by the House of Representatives.
are appointed by the president and must be confirmed by the Senate.
"Compared to the prime minister in a parliamentary democracy, the president s legislative preferences " are approved more often. are approved less often. are considered only in a handful of policy areas. are considered in many and not just a few policy areas.
are approved less often.
Courts of original jurisdiction have jurisdiction in cases involving ambassadors. review decisions of the lower courts. review case that have been appealed. are trial courts that hear cases for the first time.
are trial courts that hear cases for the first time.
Process evaluations are intended to assess whether a program or policy is resulting in a high rate of re-election for members of Congress. being implemented according to its stated guidelines. achieving its overall objectives. satisfying the interest groups who lobbied for the program.
being implemented according to its stated guidelines.
Policy evaluations can take which of the following forms? neither a nor b Impact evaluations Process evaluations both a and b
both a and b
"The ""garbage can model"" of policy decision making suggests that " "problems are trying to ""find"" solutions. " neither a nor b. both a and b. "solutions are trying to ""find"" a problem. "
both a and b.
"Herbert Simon's theory that humans are not ""utility maximizers"" is known as " game theory. bounded rationality. the collective action problem. rational choice .
bounded rationality.
The type of policy making most closely associated with an incrementalist approach is civil rights. budgeting. education policy. environmental policy.
budgeting
"Through implementation decisions, _____, are active in the initiation of new policies and actively participate in the broader political process. " bureaucracies lobbyists congressional committees interest groups
bureaucracies
One source of bureaucratic power is political alliance with the president. party politics. budget control. bureaucratic expertise.
bureaucratic expertise.
The 15 largest and most influential bureaucratic institutions are known as cabinet departments. independent agencies. government corporations. independent regulatory boards and commissions.
cabinet departments.
"In his formal constitutional role as the head of government, responsible for overseeing the executive branch and administering the laws of the land, the president is regarded as" chief diplomat. chief of state. chief executive. commander-in-chief.
chief executive.
"In his symbolic role as the ceremonial leader of the American people, the president is regarded as the " chief of state. chief legislator. commander-in-chief. chief executive.
chief of state.
All of the following are things that can complicate policy implementation EXCEPT: multiple levels of government involved in decision making. conflicting preferences expressed by constituencies and clientele groups. the level of resources provided for implementation. clear and realistic objectives.
clear and realistic objectives.
Courts in which groups of judges decide cases based on a review of the record of the lower-court trial are collegial courts. civil courts. intramural courts. courts of original jurisdiction.
collegial courts.
Courts in which groups of judges decide cases based on a review of the record of the lower-court trial are courts of original jurisdiction. intramural courts. civil courts. collegial courts.
collegial courts.
The president has more autonomy in the exercise of the power as ______ than the exercise of other executive powers. commander-in-chief Chief of State Chief Executive Chief Diplomat
commander-in-chief
"Herbert Simon's concept of ""bounded rationality"" asserts that decision making will never be perfectly rational because decision makers never have" complete information. the courage to put national goals ahead of re-election goals. common sense. freedom from political pressure.
complete information.
An opinion written by a Supreme Court justice who agrees with the ruling of the Court but not the reason behind it is a majority opinion. concurring opinion. plurality opinion. dissenting opinion.
concurring opinion.
The notion that the president should do anything and everything to address the needs of the nation except that which is specifically prohibited by the Constitution is consistent with the stewardship doctrine. the bargaining view of presidential power. the prerogative view of presidential power. the restrictive view of presidential power
consistent with the stewardship doctrine.
Courts that review the decisions of lower courts are courts of appellate jurisdiction. civil courts. the Supreme Court. courts of original jurisdiction.
courts of appellate jurisdiction.
Trial courts that hear cases for the first time and determine issues of fact and law are civil courts. courts of original jurisdiction. courts of appellate jurisdiction. the Supreme Court.
courts of original jurisdiction.
Public bureaucracies derive their policymaking authority from delegated legislative authority. quasi-judicial authority. The Civil Service Commission. implied powers.
delegated legislative authority.
The merit system is based on political loyalty. all of these choices. demonstrated ability or expertise. patronage.
demonstrated ability or expertise.
The number of Supreme Court justices is: determined by the formula found in the 11th Amendment. set at 9 by the Article III of the Constitution. determined by Congress. limited to not more that 9 by the 24th Amendment.
determined by Congress.
An opinion written by a Supreme Court justice who is in the minority that presents the logic and thinking of the justices who opposed the majority opinion is a plurality opinion. majority opinion. dissenting opinion. concurring opinion.
dissenting opinion.
Organizing public agencies along bureaucratic lines helps ensure all of these. profitability. equal treatment. efficiency.
equal treatment.
"The success of the Behavior Insight Team (or ""Nudge Unit"") in the United Kingdom in increasing citizen compliance with government policies reflects the influence of _________________ on policy development. " rational choice models evolutionary frameworks bounded rationality behavioral models
evolutionary frameworks
"Agreements between the United States and other nations, negotiated by the president, that have the same weight as a treaty but do not require Senate approval are called " executive orders. treaties. executive agreements. continuing resolutio
executive agreements.
Presidential directives that have the same weight as law but are not voted on by Congress are called impoundment. executive privilege. executive orders. executive agreements.
executive orders.
Overhead democracy requires elected officials to occasionally monitor elected officials. adjudicate. engage in rulemaking. exercise their oversight responsibilities.
exercise their oversight responsibilities.
Congressional willingness to grant policy making authority to agencies stems partly from their neutral competence. representativeness. expertise. presidential appointment.
expertise.
"Americans tend to like Congress, even if they dislike their own representative." true false
false
"Reactive oversight of the bureaucracy, in which elected officials only check up on agency performance when there is evidence of wrongdoing, is known as " ambulance chaser oversight. Police patrol oversight. the public advocate role. fire alarm oversight.
fire alarm oversight.
"Reactive oversight of the bureaucracy, in which elected officials only check up on agency performance when there is evidence of wrongdoing, is known as " fire alarm oversight. Police patrol oversight. the public advocate role. ambulance chaser oversight.
fire alarm oversight.
A Congressional hearing called in response to evidence of bureaucratic wrongdoing is an example of fire alarm oversight. police patrol oversight. barn door oversight. adjudication.
fire alarm oversight.
Federally established businesses that are at least partly self-supporting are known as independent agencies. government corporations. cabinet departments. regulatory agencies.
government corporations.
"When a president delays agency expenditures that have been approved by Congress, he is exercising a limited executive power known as " the pocket veto. sequestration. the veto. impoundment.
impoundment.
"According to evidence presented in the text, the average length of time it takes for the Senate to consider the presidential nominations to federal appellate courts" is shorter if the nominee has had experience as a judge on a lover federal or state court. is much shorter for highly skilled presidents than for those who are not skilled. has consistently averaged about one to two months since the mid 1960's. increased to nearly a year during the presidencies of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.
increased to nearly a year during the presidencies of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.
The decision making approach characterized by current decisions that are small adjustments to past decisions is known as zero-based budgeting. five year plans. incrementalism. satisficing.
incrementalism.
Which of the following non-governmental actors plays the most significant role in agenda setting? none of the above. the media. public opinion. interest groups.
interest groups.
"The term used to refer to the interdependent relationship among the bureaucracy, interest groups, and congressional committees is" iron triangles. clientele groups. political action committees (PACs). issue networks.
iron triangles.
The Supreme Court formally exercises it discretionary power to hear a case by issuing a writ of certiorari. none of the above. issuing a writ of mandamus. claiming the right of stare decisis.
issuing a writ of certiorari.
The authority of a criminal or appeals court to hear and decide cases is called a mandate. standing. jurisdiction. judicial discretion.
jurisdiction.
A ___________________ is a measure that gives Congress the ability to reject an action or decision of the bureaucracy. legislative veto legislative mandate cloture vote rule
legislative veto
A decision of the Supreme Court in which five or more justices agree on which party to the dispute should win the case and agree on the reason that party should win is a majority opinion. dissenting opinion. concurring opinion. plurality opinion.
majority opinion.
A public agency that makes decisions based solely on its technical expertise is an example of patronage. neutral competence. neutral politics. technical policy.
neutral competence.
A justice who interprets the Constitution by weighing the original concerns of the Founders is using a legal realist view. none of these choices. judicial restraint. the slot machine theory.
none of these choices.
The idea that Supreme Court justices should interpret the Constitution in terms of the original intentions of the framers is textualism. originalism. libertarianism. active liberty.
originalism.
"When elected officials, who are chosen by the people, conduct bureaucratic oversight, they are engaging in " pluralism. stealth democracy. overhead democracy. interbranch meddling.
overhead democracy.
The Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case was reversed by Plessy v Ferguson. the Emancipation Proclamation. the Voting Rights Act. passage of the 13th and 14th Amendments.
passage of the 13th and 14th Amendments.
"The final stage of the policymaking process, wherein government and nongovernment actors assess the successes and problems of public policies, is " policy formulation and adoption. policy evaluation. policy implementation. agenda setting.
policy evaluation.
"The second stage of the policymaking process, wherein government considers the various alternatives to the issue at hand and formally approves a particular alternative, is " agenda setting. policy implementation. policy formulation and adoption. policy evaluation.
policy formulation and adoption.
"The third stage of the policymaking process, in which the government translates approved policy alternatives into action, is " policy evaluation. policy implementation. agenda setting. policy formulation and adoption.
policy implementation.
"The role played by ""target populations"" in the formulation of public policy alternatives can often undermine the core democratic principle of " political equality. rational self-interest. majority rule. popular sovereignty.
political equality.
"When Abraham Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus during the Civil War, he was following a _______________ view of presidential power. " prerogative weak-executive restrictive stewardship
prerogative
The surest way to ensure that a policy will not be adopted is to spark a protest movement that raises awareness of the negative aspects of the policy. link the policy to a particularly unpopular public official. use the mass media to frame the issue negatively. prevent the issue from ever reaching the agenda of government.
prevent the issue from ever reaching the agenda of government.
The conflict pitting judicial restraint against judicial activism is a battle of slot machine theorists against proponents of original intent. primarily a battle of political rather than judicial philosophy. ultimately resolved in the court of public opinion. usually resolved by legal precedent.
primarily a battle of political rather than judicial philosophy.
All of the following are potential constraints on judicial power EXCEPT: impeachment. re-election concerns. the Court's inability to initiate policy making. constitutional amendments.
re-election concerns.
Congress may restrain the U.S. Supreme Court by reducing the Court's appellate jurisdiction. reducing the Court's original jurisdiction. exercising judicial review. reducing the Justice's salaries.
reducing the Court's appellate jurisdiction.
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) preserves and extends free speech rights for all internet use. requires agencies to hold open meetings. "was vetoed by Nixon, who claimed it violated executive privilege." "allows people to obtain information from agencies, provided it is not classified or concerned with matters of national security."
requires agencies to hold open meetings.
Judges who believe that the making of public policy should be left to the more democratic branches of government exercise a(n) ______ approach to jurisprudence. independent restrained partisan activist
restrained
Courts of appellate jurisdiction are trial courts. review the decisions of lower courts. have original jurisdiction in cases involving ambassadors. hear cases for the first time.
review the decisions of lower courts.
The single most important function performed by agencies of government is amending laws. rule making. lobbying. adjudication.
rule making.
The process by which regulatory agencies decide what the laws passed by Congress mean and how they should be carried out is called rulemaking. fire alarm oversight. judicial review. adjudication.
rulemaking.
Bureaucratic statements that carry the force of law are known as recommendations. verdicts. rules. laws.
rules
Presidential scholar George Edwards found that president's speeches ______ moved public opinion. significantly often never seldom
seldom
Probably the most effective restraint on the exercise of judicial review is passing a law to increase the number of seats on the Supreme Court. impeaching the judges that abuse the power. self-restraint. adding constitutional amendments.
self-restraint.
The practice that allows senators from states with federal district courts to recommend individuals for the president to nominate is known as """home cooking""." senatorial courtesy. presidential courtesy. "the ""nuclear option""."
senatorial courtesy.
Presidential submission of a bill to Congress is a means of significantly expanding the powers of the president beyond what was designed by the farmers. vice president. setting the legislative agenda. circumventing the will of the majority.
setting the legislative agenda.
Some research suggests that citizens can be manipulated into greater compliance with tax policy through a personal letter from your representative. social pressure. appeals to patriotism. threats of a fine.
social pressure.
The division of labor characteristic in all bureaucracies helps to promote specialization and expertise. "the ""politics-administration dichotomy""." narrow-minded ignorance. transparency.
specialization and expertise.
Evidence that the attitudinal model accurately explains decision making on the Supreme Court is the Republican judges overlook partisan ideology. that justices exhibit significant differences of opinion on highly controversial issues. all of these choices. that most Supreme Court decisions are unanimous.
that justices exhibit significant differences of opinion on highly controversial issues.
Presidential nominations to the federal courts must be approved by the Senate. both chambers of Congress. the House of Representatives. the Executive Office of the President (EOP).
the Senate
Segal and Spaeth's theory that the decisions of judges are largely determined by their personal ideological and policy preferences is known as the strict constructionist model. the attitudinal model. the legal model. the slot machine theory.
the attitudinal model.
Executive branch agencies tasked with the responsibility of implementing public policy are collectively known as the bureaucracy. the Executive Office of the President. the Congressional Budget Office. the General Accounting Office.
the bureaucracy.
The presidential cabinet includes the heads of the executive agencies.. the Speaker of the House and the president pro tempore of the Senate. two representatives of the Supreme Court chosen by the chief Justice. all of these choices.
the heads of the executive agencies..
The view of judicial decision making in which judges set aside their own values and make decisions based solely on legal criteria is called the legal model. neutral competence. the sociological model. active liberty.
the legal model.
The theory that assumes the Constitution was meant to be a dynamic document that should be interpreted in its contemporary social and political context is strict constructionism. the living Constitution. textualism. originalism.
the living Constitution.
Bureaucratic appointments made based on technical expertise and skills rather than political allegiances are an example of the merit system. patronage. the spoils system. nepotism.
the merit system.
The rational-comprehensive decision-making approach involves considering all possible alternatives to a problem or issue and choosing the one with the lowest cost and the lowest benefit. the most benefits at the least cost. the most benefit and the highest cost. the highest costs and the least benefit.
the most benefits at the least cost.
Pursuit of representativeness during the first major period of bureaucratic growth was reflected in the Brownlow Committee. The Progressive system. the patronage system. the merit system.
the patronage system.
The list of issues that government is actually paying attention to is the Federal Register. the State of the Union Address. the news cycle. ! the public agenda.
the public agenda.
"An approach to judicial decision making in which a judge sets a constitutional provision alongside a statute in order to ""decide whether the latter squares with the former"" is known as " the inter-ocular theory. the slot machine theory. the roulette theory. the square deal theory.
the slot machine theory.
The theory of judicial decision making that suggests judges sometimes vote against their own personal preferences in order to reach a compromise acceptable to other institutional actors is the attitudinal model. the strategic model. the institutionalist model. the legal realist model.
the strategic model.
The qualifications set by the Constitution to serve as a Supreme Court justice include being a qualified trial lawyer. being at least 35 years old. being a member of the bar. there are no qualifications set by the Constitution.
there are no qualifications set by the Constitution.
The goal of a policy analyst is to decide which possible response to a policy problem is best. to decide which policy response is most efficient. to decide which policies are politically feasible. to decide which policy response is most equitable.
to decide which possible response to a policy problem is best.
"Executive orders, signing statements, executive agreements, and national security directives are all examples of " shared powers. enumerated powers. regulatory powers. unilateral powers.
unilateral powers.
The Supreme Court's exercise of judicial review is mainly concerned with civil rights. mainly preoccupied with issues of business-government relations. more common when the judge is liberal . very infrequent.
very infrequent.
"The strategy of ""going public"" has been found to have which of the following effects on public approval of the president?" very little effect it depends entirely on the president a major positive effect a major negative effect
very little effect
The power of judicial review is explicitly provided for in Article III of the Constitution. was established by an act of Congress. was implied in the 19th Amendment. was established by the supreme court in Marbury v Madison (1803).
was established by the supreme court in Marbury v Madison (1803).
A court order requiring a public official to perform an official duty over which he or she has no discretion is a writ of certiorari. writ of mandamus. writ of habeas corpus. rule of stare decisis.
writ of mandamus.
"The decision making approach in which policy makers ignore last year's spending levels and begin current year budgeting from scratch, justifying every single dollar of proposed spending is called" satisficing. five year plans. zero-based budgeting. incrementalism.
zero-based budgeting.
Congressional salaries are comparable to those of the average corporate CEO. True False
False
Senators have a ___ year term. House members have a ___ year term. "2, 2" "6, 2" "4, 8" "4, 4"
"6, 2"
Presidential approval ratings almost always __________ over time. remain relatively stable increase decrease fluctuate wildly
decrease
"The president can be convicted of ""high crimes and misdemeanors"" and removed from office through an impeachment vote by the House of Representatives. " True False
False
Where are the top or most powerful and prestigious committees in the House? "Intelligence, Armed Services, Banking and Appropriations" None of the above because House committees are all equally important "Appropriations, Rules, and Ways & Means" "Finance, Presidential Oversight, International Relations, and Ways & Means"
"Appropriations, Rules, and Ways & Means"
How frequently does the Constitution mandate that the president shall advise Congress on the state of the union? At least once every four years "From ""time to time""" The first Tuesday in November every four years Annually
"From ""time to time"""
About how many people live in each of the 435 U.S. House districts? Over a million "Over 600,000" "Less than 300,000" Difficult to determine since the sizes of House districts vary widely from state to state
"Over 600,000"
"If the president takes no action within 10 days of a bill being passed by Congress, and Congress has adjourned, the bill " "has been ""pocket-vetoed""." has been vetoed. becomes a law. "remains in limbo until Congress readjourns, at which point the 10-day clock resumes."
"has been ""pocket-vetoed""."
The benefits and support activities that members of Congress receive in order to help them perform their job are known as earmarks. swag. pork. "perquisites (or ""perks"")."
"perquisites (or ""perks"")."
The most important reason incumbents have an advantage over challengers in congressional elections is because incumbents "usually face underfinanced, politically inexperienced challengers." have the perks of office to advertise. do constituency service. receive more money form PACs.
"usually face underfinanced, politically inexperienced challengers."
"How many members of Congress are there, House of Representatives and Senate combined?" 680 535 270 440
535
Who determines what committee a Republican House member serves on? The president The chair of the committee A committee of House Republicans The House Parliamentarian
A committee of House Republicans
What sort of representative is more likely to vote for the pork-barrel project? A partisan A trustee A delegate None of the above
A delegate
How does party polarization affect presidential success in winning roll call votes in Congress? "In the Senate, party polarization decreases the success rates of both majority and minority party presidents." "In the House, party polarization increases the success rates of majority party presidents an decreases the success rates of minority party presidents."! All of the above. Party polarization has made it more difficult to get votes from opposition party members.
All of the above.
Which of the following is (are) true concerning Senate conformations of the President's appointments to executive departments? All of these are true. The Senate eventually confirms more that 95% of presidential appointments. The rate at which presidential nominations fail to be confirmed is much higher for Clinton and Bush than for earlier presidents. The length of the conformation process is much higher for Clinton and Bush than for earlier presidents.
All of these are true.
"According to Neustadt, which of the following influences a president's ability to persuade?" Public prestige None of the above Both a and b Professional reputation (qualifications)
Both a and b
"If the vice presidency becomes vacant, who must approve the president's nominee to fill the vacancy?" The voters in a special election The Senate Both houses of Congress The House
Both houses of Congress
"Of Burke's three representational styles, the ""trustee"" style most closely approximates the decisions we would make in a direct democracy. " True False
False
"Pork barrel projects are an expression of ""service responsiveness."" " True False
False
"Since 2000, the use of filibusters to block the confirmation of presidential nominees has remained relatively stable, neither increasing nor decreasing. " True False
False
"Sociological norms like apprenticeship, deference, and reciprocity remain the best explanations of congressional behavior even today. " True False
False
"The ""reciprocity norm"" is most closely associated with the ""informational model"" of congressional behavior. " True False
False
"The president's role as a party leader is an example of an ""enumerated power"" in Article II of the Constitution. " True ! False
False
"If a House committee refuses to report a bill, what is the procedure to bring the bill to the floor for a vote?" There is no way to pull a bill out of committee without its permission. Attach the bill as an amendment to another unrelated bill that is being voted on. Get 218 signatures on a discharge petition. Filibuster other bills that the committee reports until they report the pigeonholed bill.
Get 218 signatures on a discharge petition.
What is the most common thing that happens after a bill is introduced and assigned to a committee? The committee holds public hearings. The committee amends the bill in order to get it passed. The Supreme Court reviews it to determine if it is constitutional. Inaction.
Inaction
Which the following statements correctly describes the success of incumbents in congressional elections? Incumbents in the House are more likely to be reelected that incumbents in the Senate. Incumbents in both House and Senate are about equally likely to be reelected. Incumbents in the Senate are more likely to be reelected than incumbents in the House. Incumbency is not an advantage in congressional elections.
Incumbents in the House are more likely to be reelected that incumbents in the Senate.
"According to the evidence presented in class, how could congressional terms be limited?" Limiting Congressional terms would probably require a constitutional amendment. The president can limit congressional terms with an Executive Order. Any state legislature has the authority to place limits on the terms of the U.S. House members and Senators from the state. State legislatures can adopt term limits only with approval of both houses of Congress.
Limiting Congressional terms would probably require a constitutional amendment.
Which of the following presidential responsibilities does NOT have an explicit foundation in the Constitution? Chief Diplomat Party Leader Chief Executive Chief of State
Party Leader
"Based on evidence presented in class, how does public approval of the president affect presidential success in Congress?" Presidential popularity has a relatively small influence on presidential success. Popular president are much for successful than presidents with low public support. "Presidential popularity greatly increases the success of minority presidents, but has little affect on the success of majority presidents." Presidential popularity has about the same affect on success as party control of Congress.
Presidential popularity has a relatively small influence on presidential success.
What are the chances of a Presidential veto being overridden by Congress? Overridden about half the time Seldom overridden (fewer than 10%) Almost always overridden (more than 80% of the time) "Good Presidents have fewer vetoes overridden than bad Presidents, so the chances depend on whether the President is good or bad."
Seldom overridden (fewer than 10%)
The person who presides over the House of Representatives is called the Speaker of the House. President of the House. Whip. majority leader.
Speaker of the House.
"Presidents who prefer their advisers to report directly to the president, without using a Chief-of-Staff as an intermediary, utilize which of the following organizational models?" Partisan model Distributive model Spokes-of-the-wheel model Hierarchical model
Spokes-of-the-wheel model
Expressions such as unelected representatives and member enterprises have been used to describe which of the following units of congressional organization? Campaign workers Party leaders Staff organizations Party whips
Staff organizations
member enterprises have been used to describe which of the following units of congressional organization? Staff organizations Party whips Campaign workers Party leaders
Staff organizations
All of the following are important determinants of the president's approval ratings EXCEPT: scandals the economy State of the Union addresses international crises
State of the Union addresses
The most powerful person in the Senate is The Majority Party Leader. the Speaker. the Vice President of the United States. the president pro tempore.
The Majority Party Leader.
Which of the following is true concerning the length of time members of Congress have served? The average length of service has remained at about 8-10 years throughout the period since 1953. The average length of service has declined from a high of 25-30 years in the 1950's to about 4-6 in recent years. The average length of service has increased from about 8-10 years in the 1960's to about 25-30 years by the 1990's. We don't know because there is no information available on how long members of Congress serve.
The average length of service has remained at about 8-10 years throughout the period since 1953.
Which entity is charged with resolving differences between House and Senate version of a proposal? The elite committee The standing committee The differences committee The joint conference committee
The joint conference committee
What can we say about the party ratio on committees in the House? The party ratio on these committees is very close to the ratio in the chamber. "When the Republicans are the majority party, they give the Democratic minority their fair share of seats on these committees." The Republicans assign seats on these committees based on merit and competence. The majority party takes more than its fair share of seats on the top committees.
The majority party takes more than its fair share of seats on the top committees.
How often are discharge petitions successful in the House? They succeed only when the original sponsor of the bill is the first to sign the discharge petition. They are rarely successful. They succeed when the president supports the effort. They are successful most of the time.
They are rarely successful.
"A member of Congress from Wisconsin who posts a picture of herself on Facebook attending a Green Bay Packers playoff game is engaging in ""symbolic responsiveness."" " True False
True
"Allocation responsiveness involves bringing ""distributive benefits"" back to the people of your congressional district. " True False
True
"The ""spokes-of-the-wheel"" model of executive branch advisory systems frequently results in ineffective decision making due to information overload. " True False
True
The 1973 law that attempted to limit the power of the executive to send troops into combat without congressional approval is the Commander-in-Chief Reform Act. War Powers Act. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. Patriot Act.
War Powers Act.
"Which of the following would be considered a ""prestige"" committee?" Ways & Means Education & Labor Agriculture Interior
Ways & Means
"When a single senator delay's the business of the chamber by making long speeches and refusing to yield the floor, that senator is engaging in " a closed rule. a hold. cloture. a filibuster.
a filibuster.
Getting money added to the budget for a post office back home is an example of position taking. casework. gerrymandering. a pork barrel project.
a pork barrel project.
"In the senate, a hold is" sometimes used to prevent a presidential nomination from being voted on.! all of the above. a threat to filibuster. a request by a Senator to be notified before a bill is scheduled for a floor vote.
all of the above
Representation that takes the form of members of Congress ensuring that their district gets a share of federal benefits is best described as allocation representation. policy representation. service representation. symbolic responsiveness.
allocation representation.
The franking privilege allows members of Congress to decide which special interests are allowed to testify in committee hearings. allows members of Congress to edit their comments in the Congressional Record.! allows members of Congress to mail letters using their signature instead of a postage stamp. allows members to speak their minds in closed sessions.
allows members of Congress to mail letters using their signature instead of a postage stamp.
A filibuster is an attempt of one or a few House members to talk a bill to death. how interest groups influence legislation. an attempt of one or a few senators to talk a bill to death. an effort to push legislation through Congress quickly.
an attempt of one or a few senators to talk a bill to death.
Bills that may be amended when they are under consideration on the House floor have been brought to the floor under a closed rule. an open rule. a structured rule. a special rule.
an open rule.
A legislature consisting of two chambers is best described as tricameral. adversarial. unicameral. bicameral.
bicameral.
A bill that comes the House floor with a closed rule cannot be amended. can be amended only by members of the majority party. may have only germane amendments. can be amended only if the President requests it.
cannot be amended.
"When members of Congress help constituents deal with problems they are having with administrative agencies, they are engaging in " gerrymandering. """pork barrel"" politics." symbolic responsiveness. casework.
casework.
A vote of at least 60 senators to end a filibuster is known as recess. a hold . cloture. adjournment.
cloture.
"A representative who makes legislative decisions based on the interests and views of his or her constituents, regardless of personal preferences is said to be a " trustee. maverick. politico. delegate.
delegate.
"Under the Articles of Confederation, the executive branch of government" did not exist. had broad powers. was controlled by the judiciary. was controlled by Congress.
did not exist.
A committee can be reluctantly forced to report a bill for consideration on the floor of the House through the use of a unanimous consent agreement. cloture vote. polite request from the Speaker. discharge petition.
discharge petition.
"Reciprocity, or logrolling , is the dominant behavioral norm under the ______ model of congressional organization." partisan informational distributive proportional
distributive
Government expenditures and programs that concentrate benefits in specific geographical areas are known as distributive benefits. casework. partisan benefits. symbolic benefits.
distributive benefits.
"The principal of one person, one vote as used by the Supreme Court in the reapportionment decisions means that " proxy voting where one person casts a vote for another person is permissible as long as both are qualified voters. each legislative district must contain approximately the same number of people. each voter may cast only one vote in a election. all of the above have been included in the principle in different court cases.
each legislative district must contain approximately the same number of people.
"When members of Congress send free mail home to their constituents, they are exercising the " franking privilege. fringe benefit prerogative. bulk mail prerogative. postal privilege.
franking privilege.
The concept of positive government means that government is expected to play a major role in dealing with the problems of society. government is expected to avoid negative issues. power is expected to shift from the legislature branch to the executive branch. the president is expected to avoid making negative comments.
government is expected to play a major role in dealing with the problems of society.
The Cabinet is more a product of ____ than a Constitutional design. historical accident presidential failure bureaucratic growth congressional failure
historical accident
"According to your textbook, the proposal to limit the terms of members of Congress" would make Congress much more responsive and effective. is a bad idea because it would deprive Congress of experience and expertise. Both A and B are correct. is justified because we have limits on presidential terms.
is a bad idea because it would deprive Congress of experience and expertise.
"According to class discussion, the legislative process in Congress is best described as one governed by" minorities consent. presidential persuasion. majority rule. operational efficiency.
minorities consent.
"When parties ideologically homogeneous and their policy positions move farther apart, this situation is known as " party polarization. party dealignment. party realignment. responsible party government.
party polarization.
Members of the House are more likely than members of the Senate to be policy generalists. none of the above. authors of non-germane amendments. policy specialists.
policy specialists.
A representative whose philosophy of representation combines elements of all of Edmund Burke's representational styles is best described as a maverick. trustee. politico. delegate.
politico
The expansion of executive authority during the New Deal reflected an increasing demand by the American people for negative government. positive govenrment. reactive government. neutral competence.
positive govenrment.
The people living within a Congress member's House district who can be counted up for their votes are referred to by Fenno as the primary constituency. personal constituency. re-election constituency. geographical constituency.
re-election constituency.
The House Rules Committee has the same power and functions of the Senate Rules committee. frequently uses its rule making power to frustrate the policy goals and objectives of the Speaker.! regulates the flow of bills from other standing committees to the floor. all of the above.
regulates the flow of bills from other standing committees to the floor.
"The relationship between elected officials and the people who elected them, and the extent to which officials are responsive to the people is known as " police patrol oversight. republicanism. fire alarm oversight. representation
representation
Nongermane amendments that are added to popular bills in hopes that the desirability of the proposed legislation will help the amendment pass are known as continuing resolutions. riders. sunset provisions. omnibus measures.
riders
Pronouncements of how the president intends to interpret and apply a law when he signs a bill are called executive orders. signing statements. executive agreements. letters-of-intent.
signing statements.
Permanent committees in Congress that are responsible for legislation in a specific policy area are called prestige committees. standing committees. select committees. conference committees.
standing committees.
"To keep members insulated from popular influence, longer terms in office were instituted for" the House of Representatives. the Senate. District Court Judges. state legislators.
the Senate.
"Generally, members of Congress develop home styles that fit" their party's preferences. their ideology. their constituency. their personal preferences.
their constituency.
The Informational Model of congressional organization argues that committees are agents of the minority party. party leaders. the majority party. the chamber floor.
the chamber floor.
"At the Constitutional Convention, supporters of the strong-executive model were helped by" all of these choices. the historical legacy of legislative limitations on the monarchy. the assumption that George Washington would be the first president. the examples of strong governors in New York and Massachusetts.
the examples of strong governors in New York and Massachusetts.
The benefit that allows members of Congress to use their signatures instead of buying stamps to sent mail to their constituents is know as the postal perk. the franking privilege. the John Hancock mailing privilege. the signature post.
the franking privilege.
The real leader of the Senate in terms of power is the chair of the appropriations committee. the president pro tempore. the majority whip. the majority leader.
the majority leader.
The practice of selecting congressional committee chairs based on seniority meant that the chair of a congressional committee was the oldest member on the committee. the member of the majority party with the longest continuous service on the committee. elected by the committee members. the person on the committee who has the most seniority in Congress.
the member of the majority party with the longest continuous service on the committee.
Richard Neustadt argued that in order to achieve their goals presidents need to go public . conditional party government. the power to persuade. the line item veto.
the power to persuade.
"The argument that the oath of office requires a president to preserve the Constitution, even if it means taking unconstitutional actions to do so, is" the stewardship doctrine. the prerogative view of presidential power. the oath paradox view of presidential power. the restrictive view of presidential power.
the prerogative view of presidential power.
The party ratio refers to all of the above are definitions of the party ratio. the ratio of majority party bills that pass Congress. the proportion of members of the president's party in Congress. the ratio of majority to minority party members on the standing committees.
the ratio of majority to minority party members on the standing committees.
A bicameral legislature serves two purposes: the reduce representation and cause greater deliberation of legislative matters. to reduce representation and cause greater efficiency in legislative matters. to broaden representation and cause greater efficiency in legislative matters. to broaden representation and cause greater deliberation of legislative matters.
to broaden representation and cause greater deliberation of legislative matters.
A 2013 poll found that Congress is less popular than cockroaches. True False
true
The conditions under which a bill will be considered in the Senate may be negotiated by party leaders in what are called unanimous consent agreements. omnibus measures. cloture agreements. summit meetings.
unanimous consent agreements.
To invoke cloture requires 218 signatures in the House and 51 signatures in the Senate. votes from two-thirds of Senators. votes from 60 Senators. votes from two-thirds of House members.
votes from 60 Senators.
To invoke cloture requires votes from 60 Senators. votes from two-thirds of Senators. 218 signatures in the House and 51 signatures in the Senate. votes from two-thirds of House members.
votes from 60 Senators.
The most important determinant of the fate of legislative proposals in Congress is what the majority leader and minority agree to. what the majority of the members of Congress desire. whether the president supports it or not. what the standing committee does.
what the standing committee does.
The only circumstance in which the President of the Senate is allowed to vote is when there is a filibuster. when there is a tie vote. when a declaration of war has been proposed. when the Senate majority leader requests it.
when there is a tie vote.
"The assistants to the majority and minority leaders of both the House and Senate, who seek to encourage party unity and cohesion, are referred to as " whips. caporegimes. aides. watchdogs.
whips