Pols sirgo-ch. 4-7

Civil Liberties

Basic political freedoms that protect citizens from governmental abuses of power are known as

c. They do not express ideas that have important social value.

Some forms of speech, such as fighting words and slander, do not warrant the same level of protection as political speech. Why not? a. They are offensive to political and social minorities. b. They may cause violence or other social unrest. c. They do not express ideas that have important social value. d. They undermine public faith in the government.

a. Griswold v. Connecticut

The right to privacy was established in which case? a. Griswold v. Connecticut b. Roe v. Wade c. Gideon v. Wainwright d. Simmons v. United States

population

The total group of people whom researchers or pollsters want to study and know the opinions of is known as the

Libel

Written false statements that damage a person's reputation are known in legal terms as

libel; slander

________ refers to written false statements while ______ refers to verbal false statements.

the party in government; the party organization

__________ is made up of politicians who were elected as candidates of a party, while __________ involves the structure of national, state, and local parties, including party leaders and workers.

national committee

is the primary body of each organization in America

b. sample

Because it would be impossible to ask all 300 million people living in the United States their opinion, we instead collect a __________ when doing surveys. a. population b. sample c. poll d. subgroup

c. freedom from discrimination

Civil liberties listed in the Bill of Rights include all but which of the following? a. freedom of speech, religion, and assembly b. rights of criminal defendants c. freedom from discrimination d. the right to bear arms

a. the way a story is presented or covered, including the details, explanations, and context offered in the report.

Framing is the influence on public opinion as a result of a. the way a story is presented or covered, including the details, explanations, and context offered in the report. b. a story that covers one candidate or policy favorably without providing similar coverage of the other side. c. journalists' decisions about which news stories to cover. d. positive or negative coverage of a candidate or issue.

d. public opinion shifts because of the way a story is presented by the media.

Framing occurs when a. public opinion shifts because of the stories that the media chooses to cover. b. the media focuses on things such as which candidates are ahead or behind in the polls. c. the media fabricates or makes up stories in order to drive ratings. d. public opinion shifts because of the way a story is presented by the media.

party system

From 1897 until 1932, one of the major parties, the Republicans, won most presidential elections, while the other major party, the Democrats, won when the Republicans were divided. The major issues of the time were industrialization and immigration. The Republicans had the support of business, while the Democrats relied on urban immigrants and southern whites. This description is an example of a

b. It creates a feedback loop that establishes relationships with politicians.

How do new formats like social media make consumption of news different for millennials? a. Millennials are less interested in politics due to it. b. It creates a feedback loop that establishes relationships with politicians. c. It gives Republicans the upper hand due to their heavy support from millennials. d. Candidates do not have to worry about this new media because it does not change the consumption of news.

Miller

In 1973, the Supreme Court established the __________ test to determine whether materials are obscene and can therefore be regulated by governments.

a. filtering

J. Jonah Jameson, editor of the newspaper the Daily Bugle, has to decide every day which stories his paper will cover and which they will not. He will generally cover any story involving crime and punishment, but he rarely runs stories about political corruption. This is an example of what media effect? a. filtering b. framing c. priming d. slant

broadcast

Media that is transmitted over airwaves, such as radio and basic television stations, is known as _______ media.

D. self-incrimination

Miranda rights advise an individual of the Fifth Amendment's protection from a. eminent domain. b. double jeopardy. c. grand juries. d. self-incrimination.

mass media

Newspapers, television stations, and podcasts are all examples of

selective incorporation

Over the last century the Supreme Court has gradually applied the Bill of Rights to the states on an amendment-by-amendment basis. This process is known as

prevents the media from publishing something.

Prior restraint is when the government

d. Eighth Amendment

Protections against cruel and unusual punishments can be found in which amendment? a. First b. Fifth c. Sixth d. Eighth

a. free exercise clause

Questions such as whether animal sacrifice for religious purposes is allowable or whether religious dress may be regulated are examples of the Supreme Court wrestling with the meaning of which part of the Constitution? a. free exercise clause b. establishment clause c. Fourth Amendment d. Third Amendment

C) a "right to privacy."

Roe v. Wade was based on which constitutional civil liberty? a. freedom of speech b. freedom of expression c. right to privacy d. right to trial by jury

b. latent opinion

Sasha is asked on a survey about her views on banking reform by the government, a topic that she has not thought about very often. Sasha answers that she is in favor of it. What is her answer an example of? a. ideology b. latent opinion c. consideration d. partisan identification

d. decentralized organizations with loose coordination across groups.

The American political parties are a. unified organizations with citizen-members at the top and party leaders at the bottom. b. unified organizations with party leaders at the top and citizen-members at the bottom. c. decentralized organizations in which dues-paying members make all policy decisions. d. decentralized organizations with loose coordination across groups.

b. national; national and state

The Bill of Rights initially applied to the __________ government(s), while today the Bill of Rights applies to the __________ government(s). a. state; national and state b. national; national and state c. national and state; state d. national and state; national

a. first

The Lemon test is most clearly related to which amendment? a. First b. Second c. Fifth d. Sixth

b. lemon

The Supreme Court uses the __________ test to determine whether a practice violates the First Amendment's establishment clause. a. Miller b. Lemon c. Baker d. Candle

b. filtering.

The Washington Post decides to run a series on the risks of a new brand of car. Because of the articles, Congress decides to call a hearing to investigate the safety claims. This is an example of a. yellow journalism. b. filtering. c. soft news. d. framing.

a. recruiting good candidates

The ability of parties to ensure that those who run for office do so effectively and that those who win responsibly uphold their elective positions most clearly demonstrates which benefit of political parties? a. recruiting good candidates b. working together in campaigns c. working together in office d. citizens' behavior

d. the hostile-media phenomenon.

The idea that people view balanced coverage as biased against their preferred candidate is known as a. pessimistic bias. b. the Limbaugh effect. c. yellow journalism. d. the hostile-media phenomenon.

b. establishment clause.

The idea that the United States should not have an official religion is most clearly found in the a. Second Amendment. b. establishment clause. c. takings clause. d. free exercise clause.

brand names

These are shorthand ways of providing voters with information and cues about candidates' positions based on their party.

c. the first ten amendments of the constitution

What document is the legal foundation for the civil liberties of American citizens? a. Article I of the Constitution b. the Declaration of Independence c. the first Ten Amendments of the Constitution d. the Magna Carta

a. unreasonable searches and seizures

What does the Fourth Amendment provides protection from? a. unreasonable searches and seizures b. self-incrimination c. cruel and unusual punishment d. quartering of soldiers

b. illegally or unconstitutionally acquired evidence cannot be used in a trial.

Under the exclusionary rule, a. each party to a lawsuit is allowed to veto the inclusion of a certain number of jury members. b. illegally or unconstitutionally acquired evidence cannot be used in a trial. c. the government cannot pass laws that unfairly exclude certain groups from participation. d. suspects must be read their constitutional rights before anything they say can be used against them at trial.

b. the policy mood

We refer to the level of support for expanding the government's role in society as what? a. public opinion b. the policy mood c. latent opinions d. sampling error

b. Bill of Rights

What are the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution known as? a. Rights of Man b. Bill of Rights c. Social Contract d. Bill of Attainder

c. right to remain silent, to talk to a lawyer, and to have one provided for you.

What are your Miranda rights? a. life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness b. freedom of speech, religion, the press, association, and petition c. right to remain silent, to talk to a lawyer, and to have one provided for you. d. privacy in your own home

b. a set of objectives outlining the party's issue positions and priorities, which candidates are not required to support

What is a party platform? a. a set of objectives outlining the party's issue positions and priorities, which candidates are required to support b. a set of objectives outlining the party's issue positions and priorities, which candidates are not required to support c. a nationwide media strategy meant to announce the party's issue positions and priorities d. a local or statewide media strategy meant to announce the party's issue positions and priorities

exclusionary rule

Any evidence that is gathered illegally or unconstitutionally cannot be used in a subsequent trial. This is known as the

b. The Internet has expanded the amount and scope of news available to most Americans.

How has the Internet affected news for the average American? a. Because the Internet costs money to access, Americans have lost access to regular news. b. The Internet has expanded the amount and scope of news available to most Americans. c. The Internet has had no real effect for most Americans. d. Most Internet sites are run by small groups of volunteers and thus the information on them is questionable.

b. 1,000 to 1,500

If our goal is to finish with a sampling error of around 3 percent, about how many people do we need to interview for our survey? a. 200 to 400 b. 1,000 to 1,500 c. 5,000 to 6,000 d. 30,000 to 35,000

b. just the clear and present danger test

If someone printed a leaflet urging Americans to resist the military draft, this would violate which free speech test(s)? a. just the direct incitement test b. just the clear and present danger test c. both the direct incitement and the clear and present danger tests d. neither the direct incitement nor the clear and present danger tests

d. prior restraint

Imagine that you are the editor at a major daily newspaper. The government finds out that you are about to run a story detailing sensitive government information so it sues you to prevent you from publishing it. Which of the following is the government attempting to engage in? a. slander b. libel c. perjury d. prior restraint

caucus; conference

In Congress, the Democrats are organized by a ______, while the Republicans are organized by a _______.

c. the Fifth Amendment

In an attempt to pay back their student loans a bit faster, Mary and Bob commit identity theft and impersonate others to use their credit cards. The government prosecutes them but loses due to lack of evidence. After more evidence surfaces, it attempts to prosecute Mary and Bob again. In doing so, it may be violating which amendment? a. First b. Second c. Fifth d. Eighth

decreases the sampling error

Increasing the number of respondents __________ in a survey.

d. freedom of speech

The clear and present danger test is directly related to which freedom in the First Amendment? a. freedom of petition b. freedom of expression c. freedom of religion d. freedom of speech

b. giving an answer to a survey that a person believes is socially acceptable

What is social desirability bias? a. using the results of polls to try to sway opinions b. giving an answer to a survey that a person believes is socially acceptable c. wording a question in such a way that it sounds more acceptable than it is d. only asking people that the pollster approves of to take the survey

b. collect a random sample

What is the MOST important thing a survey company must do to ensure a proper sample? a. contact people in the evening b. collect a random sample c. screen respondents to make sure they know about the issues d. ask for voluntary participants

a. ideological polarization

What is the name for the effect on public opinion by which many citizens move away from moderate positions and toward either end of the political spectrum? a. ideological polarization b. generational effects c. liberal-conservative ideology d. policy mood

d. the equal time provision

When Donald Trump hosted Saturday Night Live during the Republican presidential primary season, NBC had to give other candidates free advertising slots so that they did not violate which rule? a. the fairness doctrine b. the shield law c. the norm of unbiasedness d. the equal time provision

a. the hostile media effect.

When surveyed, Democrats believe that the media favors Republicans and Republicans believe it favors Democrats. This is known as a. the hostile media effect. b. yellow journalism. c. the filtering effect. d. the framing effect.

realignment.

When the United States goes from one party system to another, this is known as a

c. Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth

Which amendments comprise the Civil War Amendments? a. First, Second, and Third b. Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth c. Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth d. Nineteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-First

d. hate speech

Which form of speech is the Supreme Court MOST likely to protect? a. fighting words b. slander c. libel d. hate speech

c. political socialization

Which is the process, often shaped by other people and the surrounding culture, by which a person forms political opinions? a. public opinion b. latent opinion c. political socialization d. group identity

a. the person's parents

Which of the following factors do scholars believe has the greatest effect on a young person's ideology and partisan identification while growing up? a. the person's parents b. group identity; for example, gender and race c. important events d. media coverage

c. forcing government employees to work on their days of worship

Which of the following is MOST likely to be a violation of the free exercise clause? a. forcing the Amish to put license plates on their buggies b. outlawing the practice of having more than one wife (known as polygamy) c. forcing government employees to work on their days of worship d. requiring religious organizations to follow child labor laws

d. hate speech

Which of the following options is a form of expression that is offensive or abusive, particularly in terms of race, gender, or sexual orientation, and is currently protected under the Constitution? a. fighting words b. symbolic speech c. performative speech d. hate speech

c. the Supreme Court's use of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply civil liberties to the states on a case-by-case basis

Which of the following statements BEST defines selective incorporation? a. the Supreme Court's use of the precedent of Barron v. Baltimore to require that states uphold liberties in the Bill of Rights b. the inclusion of a Bill of Rights into the Constitution as a series of ten amendments c. the Supreme Court's use of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply civil liberties to the states on a case-by-case basis d. a passage placed in the Fourteenth Amendment to appease the Antifederalists

c. candidate recruitment

Which one of the following is NOT an important role that parties play in fostering cooperation in governing? a. agenda setting b. coordination c. candidate recruitment d. accountability

a. The wording of the right to bear arms is ambiguous and open to interpretation.

Why is there so much debate over the meaning of the Second Amendment? a. The wording of the right to bear arms is ambiguous and open to interpretation. b. American public opinion is strongly in favor of gun control but the courts will not allow it. c. The right to privacy is not explicitly stated anywhere in the Constitution. d. The courts keep changing the line on what constitutes freedom of political speech.

a. Antifederalists demanded it for ratification.

Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? a. Antifederalists demanded it for ratification. b. Federalists were worried about government abusing power. c. The Articles of Confederation had them and they were generally popular. d. State constitutions at the time did not protect civil liberties.