Polymers Chapter, CHAPTER 16 BIOCHEMISTRY
1) Monomers A) are small building blocks of polymers. B) are small polymers. C) are ethylene. D) cannot form polymers.
a
10) Celluloid is a chemical modification of which natural product? A) cellulose B) cells C) ivory D) cellophane
a
11) The first "practical" application of celluloid was A) billiard balls. B) movie film. C) stiff collars. D) airplane wings.
a
18) High-density polyethylene is composed of A) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement. B) primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement. C) a mixture of polyethylene and polystyrene. D) polyethylene with high density plasticizers added to increase density.
a
2) The word polymer means A) many parts. B) many sides. C) many rings. D) many carbons.
a
21) LDPE finds applications as A) plastic film. B) threaded bottle caps. C) drain pipes. D) plastic television trays.
a
23) HDPE stands for A) high-density polyethylene. B) hot-dipped polyethylene. C) high-dose polyethylene. D) highly-diffuse polyethylene.
a
24) Thermoplastic polymers may be A) heated and reformed. B) heated, but not reformed. C) decomposed by heating. D) changed in color by heating.
a
25) The most widely used synthetic polymer is A) polyethylene. B) polyvinyl chloride. C) polystyrene. D) polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon).
a
27) A copolymer is composed of A) two or more different monomers. B) different polymers linked end to end. C) different polymers cross-linked. D) none of the above
a
29) The polymer segment ~CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2~ represents A) polyethylene. B) polypropylene. C) polystyrene. D) polyvinyl chloride.
a
32) Carbon can exist is several forms. Which of the following is a form of carbon and does not contain other atoms besides carbon? A) fullerenes B) celluloid C) cellulose D) starch
a
35) Polystyrene is not used for A) condiment bottles. B) disposable coffee cups. C) material for packing. D) home insulation.
a
41) A polymer that conducts electricity is A) polyacetylene. B) polyethylene. C) polyvinyl chloride. D) polystyrene.
a
50) How does the monomer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) differ from the monomer of polyethylene (PE)? A) The PVC monomer has a chlorine atom, but the PE monomer does not. B) The PVC monomer has two chlorine atoms, but the PE monomer does not. C) The PE monomer has one chlorine atom, and the PVC monomer has two chlorine atoms. D) The PVC monomer has a triple bond, and the PE monomer has a double bond.
a
51) The pendant group in polystyrene is a(n) A) benzene ring. B) chlorine atom. C) ethyl group. D) methyl group.
a
53) The monomer from which polyethylene is made has ________ attached to the C=C. A) only H atoms B) a Cl atom C) a benzene ring D) a methyl group
a
56) Vulcanization makes rubber A) hard. B) sticky. C) soft. D) less elastic.
a
58) Elastomers are synthetic polymers that mimic the properties of A) vulcanized rubber. B) polyethylene. C) celluloid. D) PVC.
a
60) The main use of elastomers is A) automobile tires. B) synthetic body parts. C) waxed paper. D) wigs.
a
61) One of the disadvantages of polybutadiene rubber for automobile tires is A) poor resistance to gasoline and oils. B) its color. C) density. D) expense.
a
66) When polyester is formed as a film as opposed to a fiber, it is used in A) party balloons. B) floor tile. C) bulletproof vests. D) artificial limbs.
a
7) Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring polymer? A) celluloid B) cellulose C) starch D) wool
a
72) Which of the following is NOT a condensation polymer? A) polypropylene B) polyester C) Dacron D) polyurethane
a
80) Amorphous polymers are composed of A) randomly organized polymer chains. B) highly organized polymer chains. C) a mixture of random and highly organized polymer chains. D) one monomer.
a
84) Which of the following statements about crystalline and amorphous polymers is correct? A) Crystalline polymers tend to be stronger, while amorphous polymers tend to have great elasticity. B) Crystalline polymers tend to have greater elasticity, while amorphous polymers tend to be stronger. C) Both crystalline and amorphous polymers are strong but have little elasticity. D) Both crystalline and amorphous polymers have great elasticity but have little strength.
a
86) Plastics make up ________ percent by mass of solid waste. A) 12 B) 5 C) 25 D) 30
a
87) One of the advantages of incinerating plastics is A) the high fuel value. B) no air pollution. C) all polymers burn efficiently. D) All of the above are advantages of incinerating plastics.
a
90) Toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is generated by burning A) polyacrylonitrile. B) rubber. C) bullet-proof vests. D) polystyrene.
a
97) The most commonly recycled plastics are A) HDPE and PET. B) PET and PS. C) HDPEand PS. D) PET and styrene-butadiene.
a
98) All of the following statements about biodegradable polymers are true EXCEPT A) some can biodegrade by composting. B) the most sustainable approach is to use renewable resources, especially non-food crops, as a monomer source. C) their glass transition temperatures are very high. D) many require microorganisms to degrade them.
a
13) The first attempts to make synthetic polymers involved A) combining monomers of ethylene to form polyethylene. B) modifying a naturally occurring polymer to form celluloid. C) compression molding. D) the synthesis of polyamides.
b
15) Which of the following is the simplest synthetic polymer? A) polymethane B) polyethylene C) polyvinyl chloride D) polystyrene
b
19) Low-density polyethylene is composed of A) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement. B) primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement. C) a mixture of polyethylene and polystyrene. D) polyethylene with low density plasticizers added to increase density.
b
20) HDPE finds applications in A) waxed paper. B) threaded bottle caps. C) baggies. D) cans.
b
3) The word monomer means A) one bond. B) one unit. C) many bonds. D) many rings.
b
33) Which of the following types of carbon consists of one-atom-thick planar sheets of carbons? A) buckyballs B) graphene C) graphite D) nanotubes
b
34) The monomer of polypropylene is A) CH2=CH2. B) CH2=CH—CH3. C) CH3CH3. D) CH3CH2CH3.
b
4) Which statement relating monomers and polymers is correct? A) They have the same chemical and physical properties. B) They have different chemical and physical properties. C) The monomer is usually a solid, while the polymer is usually a liquid or gas. D) They have the same chemical formula.
b
40) One of the problems in the production of PVC is that A) vinyl chloride is explosive. B) vinyl chloride is carcinogenic. C) vinyl chloride is toxic. D) vinyl chloride is a solid at room temperature.
b
42) Plexiglass is A) polyvinyl chloride. B) polymethyl methacrylate. C) polytetrafluoroethylene. D) polyvinyl acetate.
b
49) What is Teflon used for? A) food wrap B) nonstick cookware C) bullet-proof vests D) garbage bags
b
55) Vulcanization of rubber was discovered by A) Charles Goodrich. B) Charles Goodyear. C) Charles Firestone. D) Charles Vulcan.
b
62) The substance in paints that hardens to form a continuous surface coating is called a A) pigment. B) binder. C) solvent. D) thinner.
b
65) One example of a condensation polymer is A) polyvinyl chloride. B) nylon. C) Plexiglass. D) polyvinyl acetate.
b
71) Silicons are NOT used for A) lubricants. B) garbage bags. C) hydraulic fluids. D) shoe polish.
b
79) The temperature inside the mouth is about 37°C. Polyvinyl acetate, a polymer used in chewing gum, has a Tg A) above 37°C. B) below 37°C. C) exactly 37°C. D) above 100°C.
b
81) Crystalline polymers are composed of A) randomly organized polymer chains. B) highly organized polymer chains. C) a mixture of random and highly organized polymer chains. D) one monomer.
b
83) Plexiglas is a polymethyl methacrylate polymer that is used as a glass substitute. The Tg of Plexiglas is A) low. B) high. C) moderate. D) not important.
b
92) Production of PCBs was discontinued in 1977, yet PCBs are still found in the environment. The reason for this is A) PCBs are formed naturally by plants and animals. B) PCBs are very stable molecules. C) PCBs are very reactive molecules. D) PCBs are imported from other countries where their production is not banned.
b
95) The source of starting materials for synthetic polymers is primarily A) wood. B) petroleum and natural gas. C) water. D) metals.
b
100) Which of the following statements about biodegradable polymers is true? A) They will degrade quickly in a landfill. B) Thermosetting polymers are biodegradable, but thermoplastics are not. C) They often require specific temperatures or the presence of microorganisms in order to undergo degradation. D) Polyvinyl chloride is a biodegradable polymer.
c
14) The first synthetic polymer was produced in 1909 and is known as A) polyethylene. B) celluloid. C) bakelite. D) plexiglass.
c
17) One of the first applications of polyethylene was A) billiard balls. B) garbage bags. C) electrical insulation. D) parachutes.
c
22) LDPE stands for A) linearly dense polyethylene. B) light diffuse polyethylene. C) low-density polyethylene. D) lightly doped polyethylene.
c
28) Which of the following is a copolymer? A) celluloid B) cellulose C) linear low-density polyethylene D) carbon nanotubes
c
31) Which of the following statements about the difference between HDPE and LDPE is NOT correct? A) HDPE has a higher density than LDPE does. B) HDPE holds its shape better than LDPE does when they are put into boiling water. C) HDPE is more flexible than LDPE is. D) HDPE has fewer side chains branching off from the main chains than LDPE does.
c
37) Another name for Teflon is A) LDPE. B) PVC. C) PTFE. D) HDPE.
c
39) The monomer used to make PVC is A) H2C=CH2. B) Cl2C=CH2. C) H2C=CHCl. D) F2C=CF2.
c
48) Polyvinyl acetate is used for A) carpet. B) chewing gum resin. C) yarns. D) floor tile.
c
5) Which of the following roots means "many"? A) mer B) mono C) poly D) tetra
c
57) In the vulcanization of rubber, sulfur A) is inserted into the carbon chain. B) breaks long carbon chains into smaller chains. C) forms links between polymer chains. D) links all chains into one long chain.
c
59) Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is a A) condensation polymer. B) vulcanized rubber. C) copolymer. D) all of the above
c
63) In order for a synthetic polymer to be used as a binder in water-base latex paints, it must have ________ properties. A) reactive B) inert C) rubberlike D) aromatic
c
73) Which of the following natural polymers is a polyamide? A) nylon B) plant fibers C) wool D) amylopectin
c
74) Which of the following statements about addition and condensation polymers is true? A) Both addition polymers and condensation polymers contain all of the atoms of the monomers. B) Both addition polymers and condensation polymers lose some atoms from the original monomers when the polymer is formed. C) Addition polymers contain all of the atoms of the original monomers, but condensation polymers do not. D) Condensation polymers contain all of the atoms of the original monomers, but addition polymers do not.
c
8) Which of the following is a naturally occurring polymer? A) celluloid B) nylon C) starch D) None of the above is a naturally occurring polymer.
c
88) Which of the following characteristics of synthetic polymers is NOT a problem? A) They frequently are neither biodegradable nor photodegradable. B) They frequently give off poisonous gases when they are burned. C) They generally have a high energy content and can be burned. D) They make up a large volume of the waste which goes into landfills.
c
89) Which of the following is currently the most desirable method to minimize the problem of disposal of plastics? A) Deposit them in a landfill. B) Incinerate them. C) Recycle them. D) Use biodegradable plastics.
c
94) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been banned because they are an environmental hazard. Which of the following was NOT a reason for banning them? A) PCBs degrade slowly in nature. B) PCBs are nonpolar compounds and do not dissolve readily in water. C) PCBs have high electrical resistance and are excellent insulating materials. D) They lower the glass transition temperature, Tg, when they are added to a polymer.
c
96) Which of the following is a problem with the use of plastics? A) They have a low density. B) They can conduct electricity. C) They are made from petroleum and natural gas. D) They can be made from renewable plant resource.
c
99) Flame-retardant fabrics often have ________ atoms incorporated into the fabric's fibers. A) Br or O B) Cr or Br C) Br or Cl D) F or Br
c
12) Polyethylene terephthalate is used for A) nonstick frying pans. B) automobile frames. C) drink. D) stiff collars on men's shirts that are out of fashion.
d
16) Polyethylene is NOT A) tough. B) flexible. C) a thermoplastic polymer. D) a thermosetting polymer.
d
26) The development of which polymer enabled the British to have effective radar equipment and thus contributed to the British success in the Battle of Britain in World War II? A) polystyrene B) polyvinyl chloride C) Teflon D) polyethylene
d
30) Which of the following statements about ethylene and polyethylene is true? A) The polymer has the same properties as the monomer. B) The polymer has alternating double and single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only single bonds between carbons. C) The polymer has alternating double and single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only double bonds between carbons. D) The polymer has only single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only double bonds between carbons.
d
36) Polyvinyl chloride is used for drain pipes in plumbing applications. It has replaced traditional cast iron pipe for this purpose. The major advantage of PVC in replacing cast iron for this application (particularly if you are a plumber or homeowner) is that PVC A) is of lighter weight. B) is easier to handle and cut. C) is more resistant to corrosion. D) All of the above are advantages of PVC.
d
38) The monomer used to make Teflon is A) H2C=CH2. B) Cl2C=CH2. C) H2C=CHCl. D) F2C=CF2.
d
52) The pendant group in polypropylene is a(n) A) benzene ring. B) chlorine atom. C) ethyl group. D) methyl group.
d
54) Natural rubber can be made from the monomer A) propylene. B) polybutylene. C) polyvinyl acetate. D) isoprene.
d
6) Natural polymers which carry the coded genetic information that makes each individual unique are A) proteins. B) carboxylic acids. C) esters. D) nucleic acids.
d
64) Silicone is a(n) A) polyester. B) plasticizer. C) conducting polymer. D) None of the above
d
69) Nylons are named according to the number of ________ atoms in each monomer unit. A) hydrogen B) nitrogen C) oxygen D) carbon
d
70) Composite materials are used for A) paint. B) disposable cups. C) thread. D) automobile panels.
d
75) Which of the following is NOT true of composite materials? A) They contain high-strength fibers, often made from glass, graphite or ceramics. B) The fibers provide support to the composite material. C) The fibers are usually held together by a thermosetting condensation polymer. D) The composite materials are not very strong.
d
76) The temperature in many parts of the world can range between 0°C and 40°C, therefore we want the Tg of car tires to be A) greater than 40°C. B) less than 40°C but greater than 0°C. C) exactly 0°C. D) less than 0°C.
d
78) The temperature in many parts of the world can range between 0°C and 40°C, therefore we want the Tg of PVC used as seat covers in cars to be A) greater than 40°C. B) less than 40°C but greater than 0°C. C) exactly 0°C. D) less than 0°C.
d
82) Lycra bicycle shorts and exercise clothing contain fibers that have great strength and rigidity as well as the ability to stretch. These fibers are probably composed of A) natural rubber. B) amorphous polymers. C) crystalline polymers. D) a creative combination of amorphous and crystalline polymers.
d
85) The glass transition temperature (Tg) for a material is A) the temperature that the polymer is unusable. B) the temperature that the polymer melts. C) the temperature above which the material is hard and brittle and the temperature below which the material is tough and rubbery. D) the temperature below which the material is hard and brittle and the temperature above which the material is tough and rubbery.
d
9) Wool and silk are examples of which type of naturally occurring polymer? A) cellulose B) polyesters C) nucleic acids D) proteins
d
91) The greatest hazard in using plastics in home building materials and furnishings is that some A) poison children who eat them. B) cause cancer. C) are slippery. D) form poisonous gases when burned.
d
93) Which of the following will result from adding a plasticizer to a polymer? A) They will have a higher glass transition temperature, Tg. B) They will be more rigid. C) They will be more transparent. D) They will be less brittle.
d
1) All polymers are made from synthetic sources.
f
2) All polymers made from polyethylene will have the same density.
f
3) Thermosetting polymers can be melted and reformed into different shapes.
f
4) Polyethylene has double bonds, but ethylene does not.
f
6) A large number of polymers are synthesized from monomers that are derived from ethylene. Replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms on the ethylene monomer does not change the properties of the polymer.
f
5) Thermosetting resins will decompose rather than melt when they are heated to a high temperature
t
7) Neoprene is an elastomer that shows better resistance to oil and gasoline than other elastomers.
t
8) Polyester is an example of a condensation polymer.
t