P.o.N Chapter 6 Proteins

True or False: Amino acids are unique among the energy-yielding nutrients because they contain nitrogen.

True.

Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?

heat and stomach acid

____ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.

Pepsin.

A(n) _____ bond is formed between amino acids in a protein. It is difficult to break, but acids, enzymes, and other agents are able to do so, during digestion.

Peptide

A(n) _____ bond is a chemical bond formed between single amino acids in a protein.

Peptide.

Victims of the type of protein-calorie malnutrition known as ____ have a "skin and bones" appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat.

Marasmus

____ from plant-based foods help prevent chronic diseases.

Phytochemicals

Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein?

1) Edema can develop 2) Immune function is impaired 3) Blood Protein concentration decrease

Which of the following are true statements about the functions of protein?

1) Protein serves multiple functions in the body 2) Protein is necessary for blood clotting, fluid balance and cell repair.

Functions of protein

1) Protein supplies nitrogen in a form we can readily use. 2) Protein is necessary for the visual process. 3) Protein is necessary for fluid balance.

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

1) Serve as buffers that resist changes in pH 2) pump ions into and out of cells

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor are true ?

1) a young child may develop kwashiorkor when he is abruptly weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels. 2) edema is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor 3) fatty liver is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor

A diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because...

1) foods of animal origin are often high in cholesterol 2) foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat.

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies

1) lack of nutrients 2) calorie deficiency

When excess protein is consumed, excess amino acids can be

1) metabolized as fuel 2) converted into fat 3) converted into glucose

Stomach acid and heat can _____ a protein, changing it's shape and altering its biological activity.

Denature.

A(n) ______ amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet.

Essential.

There are nine _____ amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed as part of our diet.

Essential.

Which of the following are the two primary sources of fuel for cells?

Fats and Carbohydrates.

What are some vegetarian foods that supply the body with vitamin B-12 ?

Fortified soy milk and breakfast cereals

A(n) _____ is part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds.

Legume

Which nutrient plays a vital role in keeping the body healthy by forming important structures in the body, making up a key part of the blood, helping regulate many body functions, and fueling body cells?

Proteins.

Intact proteins are ___ absorbed from the digestive tract.

Rarely

How many nonessential amino acids exist?

11.

How many pounds equate to 1 kilogram?

2.2

How many different amino acids does the body use ?

20

Proteins supply the body with about __ kilocalories per gram.

4

Gabriel weighs 70 kilograms. Calculate his recommended daily intake for protein.

56 grams

Edema refers to

A build up of fluid in extra cellular spaces

Term used for building blocks of proteins

Amino acids

leucine, isoleucine, and valine are examples of

Branched-chain amino acids and essential amino acids

Photo chemicals have implicated in prevention of

Cancer and cardiovascular disease

The DNA code for synthesis of a specific protein must be transferred from the cells nucleus to the ____ to allow for protein synthesis.

Cytoplasm

Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the _____ code.

DNA

Every cell contains

protein

List the Steps of protein digestion

1. Partially Digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine. 2. Partially digested proteins trigger the release of the hormone CCK. 3. CCK causes the pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes. 4.Trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments.

It is the role of ______, located in a cell's nucleus, to store the instructions for protein synthesis.

DNA

A(n) _____ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.

Nonessential

The liver and kidneys must work hard to derive energy from ____, which makes it a costly source of calories.

Protein

What macronutrient is a key component of the cells within the immune system and makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness?

Protein

What macronutrient provides the highest feeling of satiety?

Protein.

__________ is a nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, and can fuel body cells. Amino acids join together to form this nutrient.

Protein.

True or False: Due to starvation, amino acids from muscle tissue are converted into glucose. This wastes muscle tissue and can lead to edema.

True

True or False: Vitamin B-12 is found primarily in animal foods.

True