Tectonics, Earthquakes and Volcanism

Which of the following is not produced by normal faulting?

The Himalayas

Which of the following statements about shield volcanoes is true?

They form from mafic magma.

The variety of surface features on Earth results from

all of these, weathering and erosion, gravity, tectonic activity.

Folded layers of rock can form a wavelike pattern of troughs and crests. The layers near the crest form

an anticline.

Volcanoes formed from silica-rich magma

are highly explosive and dangerous.

The nucleus of old crystalline rock in each of the principal continental masses is called a

continental shield, or craton.

The San Andreas fault is principally the result of compressional stress.

false

Compared to oceanic crust, continental crust is

generally more complex in content and structure.

Volcanic activity located away from plate boundaries is associated with

hot spots

Tensional stress along a fault can result in a dropped hanging-wall block relative to the footwall side, producing a

normal-fault

People often say that California is going to "fall into the ocean,". This idea is totally wrong because the San Andreas fault would have to be a ________ fault associated with ________ forces for this to happen.

normal; tension

Compressional stress along a fault can result in a dropped footwall block relative to the hanging-wall side, producing a

reverse fault

The presence of horsts and grabens indicates the occurrence of

rift activity

Because of the processes responsible for the formation of the Himalayan Mountains, the crust in this region of the world has been

shortened and folded

The San Andreas system in California is an example of a

strike-slip fault, right-lateral motion, transform fault.

Pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called

tephra, or pyroclastics.

Continental shields, or cratons, are generally of low elevation and old in age.

true

The Basin and Range Province of the interior western United States is a type of horst and graben topography.

true

The Hawaiian Islands are near one end of a hot-spot track that stretches to Alaska.

true

The San Andreas fault in California and the North Anatolian fault in Turkey are both right-lateral, strike-slip faults.

true