Population Health IMs & VSims

The nurse is involved in supervision using the Incident Command System (ICS). The nurse should recognize the following are functional areas of the system.

-Command -Operations -Logistics

Public health nurses as a rule do not respond to community emergencies; they leave the responses to those who are trained such as EMTs and paramedics.

False

Public health nurses' skills vary when they are in daily practice versus reacting to a disaster in the community.

False

What is the purpose of an epidemiological predictions and probabilities in relationship to health promotion?

They determine the focus of health promotion strategies.

A school nurse has determined there may be an outbreak of salmonella within the school and possibly the community. Who would the school nurse contact to report the possible outbreak?

The local health department.

Which is true about health education groups?

The nurse is not the expert in the group.

What did the California Nurse Practice Act accomplish?

Upheld the requirement for licensed nurses in schools to administer insulin shots.

When considering health literacy associated with health risks, what is the public health nurse's primary concern?

Whether the individual or the community choices to implement or ignore the need for change.

Which governmental agency had the goal of health for all by the year 2000 and has stated, "the development of society, rich or poor can be judged by the quality of its population's health, how fairly health is distribute across the social spectrum, and the degree of protection provided from disadvantages as a result of ill-health?"

World Health Organization

Which population is most likely to experience low health literacy?

-Chinese immigrants -Adult Spanish-Speaking females who are not fluent in English. -Teenage girls who do not graduate from high school.

A recently hired clinic nurse is providing intake on a new client at the clinic. The client states not having any insurance. When the client leaves, the new nurse makes the following comment; "I thought all people had insurance since the Affordable Care Act of 2010." What would be the nursing supervisor's best response to this comment?

"Even though there is coverage available, many people in the United States cannot afford health care coverage."

A new nurse is working in a community setting. The nurse is concerned about the possibility of a disaster affecting the community. Which statement reflects understanding of the best next step?

"I should find out if the community has a disaster preparedness plan."

The nurse is employed at a public health clinic in an urban setting. The nurse is in charge of triaging clients when they enter the clinic for walk-in hours. What is the best response by the nurse when describing this role in terms of public health service?

"I'm performing assessment of clients."

The nurse is asked why it is important to teach psychomotor skills. What statement is the best answer?

"Most health topics involve some sort of 'self-care' that the learner will need to do be able to do following the class."

The immunization clinic nurse is assessing the Mantoux tuberculin skin test a client received two days ago. The result is positive. The client does not have signs or symptoms of active tuberculosis. The client is upset regarding the positive result and asks when to start the tuberculosis medication regimen. What is the nurse's best response to this question?

"Not all people who are infected with tuberculosis have active tuberculosis, you will need further testing."

A nurse is working with the local government to respond to a disaster. The government has exceeded its resources. Which statement demonstrates the best next step?

"We should contact the National Response Framework for help."

Following a disaster, a nurse assesses high psychological distress among coworkers. What is the best response of the nurse when addressing the nurse's colleagues?

"We should look into professional debriefing as a group."

What principles can the nurse apply to maximize the teaching-leaning process?

-Adapt teaching to the client readiness level. -Determine client attitudes toward the subject matter. -Make subject matter relevant to the client's interests.

What are the responsibilities of a community health nurse to the families being served?

-Advocate for family wellness. -Promote the health literacy of family members. -Adress issues affecting family health. -Strive to eliminate disparities in the delivery of health care to families.

The nurse wants to use the domains of effective teaching to help organize a teaching plan. What domains should the nurse consider?

-Affective -Cognitive -Psychomotor

Which is a major variable in the health populations?

-Air pollution

Which among the following groups gets publicly-funded health care?

-American Indians and migrant farm workers -Military and veterans -Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled citizens -Citizens living in poverty

Which factor contributes to the possibility of release back into a negative health behavior?

-Being depressed. -Experiencing a poor support system. -Dealing with a high degree of personal stress. -Lacking effecting coping skills.

The nurse is aware that environmental factors can mitigate or exacerbate disasters. What are environmental factors?

-Building stability -Air temperature -Coastal flooding -Political unrest

A public health nurse is assessing the community for health needs, health risks, and environmental problems that may affect health. How can the nurse best obtain this data?

-Conducting a windshield survey of the community environment. -Survey state and national policy makers. -Interviews of people in the community. -Searching public records for health statistics related to the community.

How can the nurse create an environment that is conductive to learning?

-Create an atmosphere of helpfulness. -Restrict free expression.

What is included in health literacy?

-Cultural literacy -Scientific literacy -Reading skills

A nurse is studying the community's disaster preparedness plan. What are key features of an effective disaster plan?

-Developing communication networks. -Establishing clear authority. -Establishing transportation routes.

Which points are relevant to leading an effective coalition meeting focusing on community needs?

-Distribute background materials in advance of the meeting. -Begin and end the meeting on time. -Show respect for the expertise of the individual members. -Maintain focus on the purpose of the meeting.

Which is a factor that shapes policy development?

-Economic conditions -Available resources -Technology -Public opinion

Which among the following groups gets publicly-mandated, privately-funded health care?

-Employees of an employer that doesn't offer insurance. -Employees who work part-time. -Self-employed citizens -College student

What are the risk factors for susceptibility to disease in vulnerable populations?

-Income -Resource availability -Health status -Relative risk

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services maintains supervision over data collection associated with which vital statistics?

-Infant mortality -Immunizations -Cardiovascular disease -Diabetes

Which disease is vaccine-preventable?

-Influenza -Varicella -Measles -Smallpox

Which of these are signs an individual may have health literacy challenges?

-Is more passive in the clinical encounter and rarely asks questions. -Has difficultly completing health forms. -Misunderstands prescription medication instructions.

Which are the core functions of government in addressing the health of its citizens that are also the core public health functions?

-It intervenes by developing relevant health care policy. -It ensures that services are delivered and outcomes achieved. -It assesses health care problems.

What areas is health promotion focused on?

-Maintaining or improving health of families and communities. -Developing nursing interventions directed towards people's resources to maintain well-being.

What categories are considered when determining a nation's health indicators?

-Morbidity -Health service coverage -Risk factors -Mortality

What strategies should a nurse employ when providing health teaching to a client?

-Organize the content into units or components of like or related content. -Check for understanding by frequently asking questions.

What is the role of the community health nurse?

-Providing health promotion interventions. -Community-based health education.

Public health services encompass a wide variety of activities. Which are considered core functions of public health service?

-Public policy -Assessment -Assurance

Which is a past screening tool used by practitioners to assess health literacy?

-Rapid Estime of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM). -Test of Functional Health Literacy (TOFHLA)

A public health nurse is assigned a new area. In order to become more familiar with the area, the nurse will collect data regarding the health of the community. What sources of existing data will the nurse use to gather initial health-related data about the community?

-Reportable diseases -Vital statistics -Disease registries

A disease outbreak has been noted in one neighborhood. The community nurse understands a number of actions may be taken by the government to contain the outbreak. What actions could be included in the containment?

-Setting up clinics for administration of passive immunity measures. -Closing schools and churches until the outbreak is over. -Providing information about signs and symptoms of the illness health care providers.

Which are examples of personal services and home visits for people that are at risk?

-Treatment services for targeted conditions. -Primary care for unserved and underserved -Clinical preventative services

What situation is true concerning a patient diagnosed with latent tuberculosis (TB)?

-Usually has a positive skin test. -Has a normal sputum test. -Has a normal chest x-ray.

What question should be asked to help identify a community committee's stakeholders?

-Who has the greatest amount to lose by the proposed change? -Who can best successfully affect public opinion regarding proposed changes? -Who is most affected by the issue being considered? -Who can assist in providing resources needed for proposed changes?

According to the National Assessment of Adult Health Literacy. What percentage of adults in the United States have proficient health literacy skills?

12%

What percentage of the United States population does not even have a basic level of health literacy?

14%

What percentage of Americans did not have health insurance prior to the Affordable Care Act of 2011?

15%

In the United States, what percentage of health care services is paid for with public funds?

47%

A nurse is performing triage during a disaster. This nurse should identify which client as needing immediate transportation to a hospital?

A client who is burned over 50% of his body.

A community epidemiologist researcher wishes to conduct study using the homeless community they specialize in. Which of the following research studies would be appropriate for this researcher to conduct?

A quantitative study comparing diabetes exacerbations with soup kitchen meals.

Which is an agency that will give assistance to vulnerable population that suffers from alcohol and drug abuse, education, and refers for treatment?

ASSERT

When considering social learning theory, what patient-focused issue is considered most important for a person considering a change in a health-related behavior?

Ability to make the change.

What would a correctional nurse expect to find when reviewing demographics of the incarcerated population?

About one-half of federal prison inmates are incarcerated for drug offenses.

A comprehensive assessment must consider the entire community and the various populations living in the community. Which of these indicates a comprehensive assessment?

Adults and children living within ten miles of the center of town.

When considering the risk of environmental containments in both the workplace and the community, what professional role is the nurse best positioned to perform?

Advocate

What is the primary goal of health promotion?

Affecting positive change to the health and well-being of individuals and communities.

A public health nurse is developing an educational brochure on diabetes for the community clinic. Which group has a higher propensity toward the health disparities of cancer and diabetes?

African American

What statement about policy development is accurate?

Agencies can develop policies that affect only individuals using that agency.

Which aspect of industrialization has had the greatest impact on the general health of mankind?

Air and water quality

During an intake assessment at the local health department, the nurse asks a Hispanic client where in Mexico they were born. The client becomes angry and reports being were born in Columbia. What is the best action for the nurse to take?

Apologize for the cultural insensitivity and make a mental note to be more careful in the future.

In the homeless community, the nurse can help individuals with addiction by developing grassroots advocacy and policy formation to affect population health by:

Applying evidence-based practice in the nursing care of at-risk substance abuse populations

Considering heath literacy, what intervention will the nurse implement when providing a patient education on a newly prescribed medication?

Asking the patient to summarize the information that was provided.

The public health nurse has identified obesity as a health problem in the community. Which action taken by the nurse demonstrate the core policy development function of public health at the community level?

Attending a school board meeting to present current data.

The nurse involved in collecting the number of new Zika virus cases and analyzing where they have occurred is participated in:

Biostatistics

What technique of group facilitation can the nurse use to encourage creative ideas within a group?

Brainstorming

Which of these populations is most susceptible to the genetic influences of the environment?

Children

A client seen at the health department has been diagnosed with a communicable sexually transmitted disease. The nurse realizes the client will need immediate education.What is the best rationale for the needed education?

Communicable diseases are contagious and easily spread from one person to another.

What intervention will provide the nurse with the best understanding of a family's health risks?

Conducting a family-focused health literacy assessment.

In clients with terminal illness, the nurse can help to develop grassroots advocacy and policy formation to affect population health by:

Coordinating care in various settings, with high-quality communication among health care providers.

The desired outcome of health education is that the learner:

Demonstrates permanent behavioral change.

How does an epidemiologist use biostatics?

Determines whether there are cancer-clusters in a chosen community.

What type of education does the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program provide?

Disaster preparedness for hazards that may impact their area.

What role does the "opinion-giver" perform within a health education group?

Facilitates the honest and open sharing of diverse views and information.

What is the most important role of the community health nurse?

Educator

Which is true of epidemiological studies?

Epidemiological studies are often impeded by the limited availability of data.

Which statement is true about health literacy?

Experts recommend that all clients be treated as if they have low health literacy.

Which of the following situations would require a disaster response?

F5 tornado and Ebola outbreak

Domestically displaced persons due to disasters in the U.S. to help them in their recovery period. As was seen with Hurricane Katrina, one federal agency assisted victims of the hurricane for months after the event. Which of the following agencies was the recovery agency?

FEMA

Which statement is true about the community health nurse?

Facilitates members of the community to take control of their health.

True or False: The terms community, aggregate, and population are interchangeable.

False. -A community is a form of an aggregate, but an aggregate lacks interaction with one another. An aggregate is a group of people with common characteristics.

During an assessment, the community health nurse is gathering data to determine what characteristics and possible health needs are similar for all community members. Which framework will the nurse choose in approaching this assessment analysis?

Familiarization

Which of the following is considered the core unit of service in public health nursing?

Family

Which nursing model used to assess family health needs employs genograms and ecomaps to identify relationships?

Family systems (Anderson)

A nurse wants to better understand the Incident Command System (ICS). Where should the nurse look for courses related to the ICS?

Federal Emergency Management Agency website

The nurse studying epidemiology understands that which nurse was the first to use biostatistics to identify patterns of disease, injury, and death for preventative health purposes?

Florence Nightingale

What is the recommended reading level of medical literature?

Fourth to sixth grade

Proving information on services provided at a local free clinical is an example of supporting which patient need?

Health literacy

What intervention can be used to prevent adverse health consequences and empower vulnerable populations through the sharing of knowledge, skills, and information?

Health teaching

In the HIV-positive community, the nurse can help to develop grassroots advocacy and policy formation to affect population health by:

Helping to create policy on early screening.

A public health nurse is developing an educational program on the Zika virus for a community based on the information found on the county health website and comparing the number of persons (1,237) in the community. The nurse found there were six new cases in the past month in the county. The rate was computed as 0.005%. What type of rate does this measurement represent?

Incidence

What is an operational incident management or resource allocation plan?

Incident Command System

The public health nurse is providing CPR training to day care workers at the local community recreation center. What essential service is the public health nurse providing?

Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.

While working in the sexually transmitted infections clinic, the clinic nurse notices a significant increase in chlamydia infections in the teen Hmong population. The nurse began to make some initial inquires of the Hmong community members about sexual health practices. What type of study is the nurse engaging inmate?

Informal observational

A correctional nurse is a guest speaker at a gathering of community/public health nurses who are considering a career in correctional nursing. As part of her presentation, she discusses the history of correctional nursing. How would the nurse describe the historic view of correctional nursing?

Inmates were viewed as not deserving of care paid for by public dollars.

What statement about public policy around tobacco is accurate?

It is illegal to sell tobacco to children.

The nurse wants to use an experimental study to determine the effects of exposure to a chemical that is a suspected carcinogen. Which is true of experimental studies in epidemiology?

It is unethical to expose a person to an environmental risk.

A social history is a vital assessment tool related to which nursing model?

Life span development (Rankin)

Identify one of the six challenges faced in the studying of epidemiology from the choices below.

Limited availability of data on many contaminants and their effect on health.

A nurse is anticipating the response for a flu outbreak. Where is the response expected to begin?

Local

Which illness state is considered communicable?

Malaria

Choose the option that correctly completes the following sentence: Depriving incarcerated individuals of appropriate medical attention:

May be considered cruel and unusual punishment, which is a violation of the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

In regards to groups, which role is the group member who helps maintain harmony by conciliating different points of view and suggesting solutions?

Mediator

Which are examples of public-funded health care in the United States?

Medicare and medicaid

The public health nurse found a total of 64 deaths from breast cancer for the year 2015 from a population of 34,000. The nurse determined the rate for the population was 188 deaths per 100,000 people. What does this measurement represent?

Mortality

What term is used to identify the probability of death?

Mortality

The relationship between genetics and the environment has classically been viewed as which formulation?

Nature vs. Nurture

Which of these techniques should the nurse use for introverted or shy personalities within a group?

Nominal group technique

Which is true of Tuckman and Jenson's five stages of group formation?

Not all groups reach the "performing" stage.

What is the importance of having "opinion leaders" represented on a community committee focused on making changes to existing health service delivery systems?

Their points of view are generally well-accepted by the individual community members.

What statement about children and adolescent populations is true?

Of all children who are poor, 1/3 are African American.

What is true of clients with low health literacy?

They are more likely to be hospitalized.

Given a list of nursing interventions, identify the best intervention that facilitates capacity building among the vulnerable populations and the communities.

Patient advocate

When considering the risks the environment presents to the human health, when does exposure to illness occur?

People come into contact with an environmental contaminant.

What characteristic will the nurse consider when developing interventions for an aggregate group?

People may not interact with each other.

The nurse is asked about the effectiveness of public policy changes. What is the best response the nurse can give?

Policies regulating fluoridation of the water supply reduced tooth decay.

A tornado has destroyed an area of the local community and destroyed the local water plant. The public health nurses in that area mobilize and coordinate care with the hospital, emergency medical services, and the fire department. What core public health function does this action represent?

Policy development

The patient is inquired about several different smoking cessation programs. When considering the transtheoretical model, in which stage of change is the patient currently?

Preparation

In checking the absentee roster for the day, a school health nurse found 26 confirmed cases of viral gastroenteritis in a school population of 326, or approximately 8 percent. What type of rate does this measurement represent?

Prevalence

Heath promotion and disease prevention are both focused on which level of prevention?

Primary

Which is the payer for the majority of health expenditures in the United States?

Private coverage

A client who is employed at a local large manufacturing plant has an appointment at the clinic. What type of insurance plan would the intake nurse expect the client to have?

Privately funded health care.

A public health nurse is working in the local public health department performing kindergarten screenings and administering immunizations required for school admission. The mother of a client reports reservations about giving her child a vaccination. What is the nurse's best action?

Provide the mother with information to review on the proposed immunizations for the child.

Which skill is fundamental to a nurse's ability to enhance a patient's health literacy?

Providing information in a manner that the patient can easily understand.

What is the data collected through public health surveillance by the U.S. Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ultimately used for?

Reduction of morbidity and mortality among the population.

What statement is true about social justice? Social justice refers to:

Sharing common burdens and advantages

The nurse planning a breast cancer intervention aimed at reduced mortality for African American women should first:

Teach clients to understand the TNM classification system.

In the 1900's, which entity was considered to be responsible for public health nursing?

The government

A client is considering what options are available for her child's health insurance coverage in the free marketplace but is worried because of a preexisting diagnosis of diabetes. What should the nurse tell the client about preexisting conditions and the Affordable Care Act of 2010?

The insurance companies are required to cover an individual regardless of preexisting conditions.

A client has asked the nurse who qualifies to receive an income-based subsidy from the government to help with health care coverage. What should the nurse tell the client?

The subsidies are given based on incomes within the 100% to 400% poverty level.

The home health nurse is developing a treatment care plan for an elderly retired client with Medicare insurance. What factor will the nurse take into consideration as the plan is developed?

Treatments, if ordered by the provider, are usually covered by publicly funded health care plan.

A key duty of the public health nurse is to educate and provide updated information to the public to prevent the spread of infectious diseases such as MERS-CoV.

True

Because of the World Trade Center disaster, a key failing of the emergency response system was revealed showing a lack of adequately trained leaders and workers in all areas of the public health service.

True

Process evaluations focus on how well the program was implemented and looks at the process, activities, and capacity building.

True

When preparing a disaster management plan, it is necessary to assess the resources that would be available for a response to a disaster.

True

International Refugee and Disaster-Relief Assistance is recovery assistance offered to any person who is unwilling or unable to return to their country of origin. What is the agency that helps the vulnerable populations to have safety, food, and shelter?

UNHCR

A child has been diagnosed with measles and excluded from school until no longer contagious. A teacher asks the school nurse why the child was infected since the child had received the required immunization. The nurse's best response is based on what fact about immunizations?

Vaccines are produced according to the most common strain of organism, so there will be some people who acquire the disease.

Why is volunteering as a nurse in an at-risk community an important activity?

Volunteering as a nurse brings low-cost medical and nursing expertise to the at-risk community.

The nurse is asked what is meant by "vulnerability" in the context of community health nursing. What is the best response?

Vulnerability is any factor that increases the chances for poor health.

The nurse admits a client to the emergency room without health insurance. The client is considered part of what type of population?

Vulnerable

Of the following, which factor is least likely to contribute to mental health concerns related to teen mothering?

Young age

What best describes nursing care from a family strengths perspective?

Has a focus on reinforcing an area of strength in the family.

What is the source for established national objectives and health outcomes that guide health promotion in the United States?

Healthy People 2020

In completing a developmental assessment, what question would the community health nurse include?

How do family members cope with transitions and attachments within the family?

Which of the following is the most common chronic medical condition among the prison population?

Hypertension

What is the best way to help populations and communities avoid environmental health risks?

Identifying potential dangers before they occur or worsen.

What topic should the nurse stress when providing community education regarding the impact of the environment on one's individual health?

The impact of individual health-related choices and practices on wellness.

When considering cultural influences, how would the nurse interpret a Chinese patient's lack of eye contact during a discussion about a newly prescribed medication as a sign of what?

Respect

In preparing a health and wellness care plan for the local senior citizen center, the nurse ensures the consideration of the three universal needs. What are the three universal human needs of the community?

-Safety and security -Sense of belonging

A correctional nurse is working at the secondary level of prevention to address HIV in the prison environment. Which actives are associated with secondary prevention of HIV?

-Administer an HIV test to all new inmates. -Offer HIV testing to inmates who are experiencing symptoms.

A correctional nurse is working with an inmate who has a chronic health condition. When providing care for this inmate, which interventions would the nurse most likely implement?

-Administer medications. -Provide the inmate with information about exercise. -Monitor inmate's response to medication.

According to Healthy People 2020, social determinants of health should include which of the following?

-Air quality -Access to affordable transportation. -Exposure to crime and violence. -Quality of schools

What is the goal of a community health assessment (CHA)?

-Prioritization of community-focused health interventions. -Identification of community health resources. -Associating health need with possible community resource. -Effective assessment of existing community health problems.

Which group is more susceptible to health disparities and discrimination in health care systems?

-Runaway teenagers -Ethic or racial minorities -Unemployed persons

Nurses work with individuals and families in most aspects of nursing care. Which interaction between the nurse and the client suggests the concept of "family as client"?

"Mrs. Munos, how has your husband's illness been affecting you and your family?"

The community/public health nurse is teaching a nursing student about factors that promote successful interprofessionsal collaboration. The nurse confirms appropriate understanding of interprofessional collaboration when the student states which of the following?

-"Each healthcare profession has information the others need to promote better outcomes." -"Interprofessional collaboration requires mutual respect and trust."

What historical public achievements have public health nurses contributed to?

-A decrease in the spread of infectious diseases. -An increase in healthier mothers and babies. -Improvements in family planning and education.

What characteristics define a community?

-A group that shares a common interest. -Interaction among a group of people. -Encompasses a sense of member belonging.

Which variables are characteristics of an aggregate?

-Are considered as a whole. -A group of distinct individuals. -Are loosely associated with each other.

The public health nurse is performing a community assessment. What community-specific factors will the nurse consider when performing this assessment?

-Boundaries -Purpose of the community -Internal influences such as the local economy. -Physical characteristics

Which would be considered environmental factors that can cause genetic effects?

-Childhood education -Endocrine disruptors -Child abuse

Which of the following are nursing actions that correlate with the assessment phase of the nursing process in community health settings?

-Conduct a windshield survey -Carry out focus group interviews -Mail community surveys to residents

Which of the following factors contribute to health disparities?

-Discrimination -Poverty -Food deserts

A home health nurse is creating a care plan for an individual who recently had surgery. Which tasks does the home health nurse understand as health responsibilities of the family?

-Emotional support for the client and guidance during life cycle transitions. -Care provision and management for the chronically ill, disabled, and aging family members.

Which factor is considered when determining social determinants of health?

-Employment history -Childhood experiences -Place of birth -Age

Upstream focus addresses the root cause of disease and manufacturers of illness by taking into account what factors?

-Environmental -Socioeconomic

What does the term family assessment imply?

-Examination of cultural, spiritual, and developmental needs. -Holistic appraisal of health care needs.

A public health nurse is developing a program based on the goals of the government initiative Healthy People 2020. What is a health indicator the nurse may use as a part of the program?

-Exercise frequency -Tobacco usage -Substance abuse

A community nurse is preparing to develop a plan to work with families as the clients in a local community. What reasons would family assessment need to be completed with the families prior to developing the plan?

-Families are a significant building block of the local community. -Families often have unique values and needs. -Community health nurses sometimes make visits to clients and their families.

The community/public health nurse is a teaching nursing student about the definition of family in the context of family nursing. The nurse confirms good understanding of "family" in the context of family nursing when the student states which of the following?

-Family is who the family says they are. -Family is 2 or more people joined by a common bond.

The practice of family nursing includes which of the following levels of focus?

-Family members interacting with the environment. -Family members interacting with each other. -Family members as context for individual health concerns.

Which of the following are common data sources for a community assessment?

-Governmental data sets -State health department statistics -School nurses interviews -Town hall meetings

The faith community nurse has many roles. Which of the faith community nurse roles would be most important for a family in crisis?

-Health counselor -Integrator of faith and health -Advocate -Referral agent -Coordinator of volunteers

Which area of questioning is explored when assessing family health routines?

-Illness care -Self-care -Mental health behaviors -Safety and precaution

Which are examples of serious environmental hazards that affect populations and communities?

-Insect and rodent control -Deforestation, wetlands destruction, and deforestation -Unhealthy and contaminated food -Ozone depletion and global warming -Overpopulation

A community nurse who routinely works in the immunization clinic notes an influx of new patients from Russia. The nurse wants to improve self-awareness of this new population. What steps can the nurse take to cultivate cultural sensitivity toward this new client population?

-Interview some of the new members and inquire about cultural values. -Demonstrate a genuine interest in the lives and culture of the new clients.

While working in the free clinic, the public health nurse is assessing a migrant farm worker who has an infection of the right hand. The nurse cleans the wound, applies antibiotic cream, and wraps the area to keep it clean. The nurse is conducting an assessment to determine if the client has any contributing factors related to health disparities. Which of these are contributing factors to health disparities?

-Language barriers -No means of transportation -A diagnosis of schizophrenia

The public health nurse is preparing a care plan for a client in the community. What factors in the community environment should the nurse consider that can impact a client's potential for health and wellness?

-Level of safety to walk or play outside. -Access to fresh foods and groceries. -Size of health care facilities. -Air quality and number of pollutants.

What populations are disproportionately affected by environmental hazards?

-Minorities -Poor or low income

What can help address and solve environmental health problems faced by populations and communities?

-Take action to correct situations in which health hazards exist. -Take action to promote the development of policies and legislation that enhance consumer protection and promote a healthier environment. -Apply environmentally related research findings in your practice and participate in nursing research. -Collaboration with citizens and other professionals to develop protective and preventive environmental health strategies in the community.

During a family assessment, the community health nurse must examine both the internal and external structure of the family. What factors will be assessed to determine the internal structure of the family?

-The family composition -Each member's gender

A correctional nurse frequently works with inmates who have addiction to alcohol and drugs. Which of the following activities are most appropriate for a correctional nurse to implement with these inmates?

-Utilizing withdrawal protocols. -Referring inmates to appropriate programs and agencies. -Providing drug education.

Which is the best description of an aggregate?

A group of individuals who are loosely connected with one another.

Which of the following visual analogies most closely resembles the family as a system?

A mobile

A new client is scheduled at the clinical. During the assessment, the nurse notes a circular, dark-pink indention on the client's abdomen. The nurse is aware the client is not from the United States. What is the nurse's next best action in assessing this client?

Ask the client to describe usual health beliefs and practices when the client becomes sick.

A community health nurse is working with the nearby American Indian reservation to develop a program to reduce health disparities. What is a known health disparity of the American Indian that the nurse will want to address?

Diabetes

While providing in-home wound care, the nurse notes the client is frequently vocal and screams at relatives when in pain. In performing a cultural assessment, in what area would the nurse document the frequent outburst and vocalizations?

Biological variations

Health inequities often emerge among racial and ethnic groups. Which of the following races/ethnicities experience a higher prevalence of low birth weight babies?

Blacks

Which is an example of a biological health risk?

Contaminated drinking water

When considering health views, which statement is the basis for discussions concerning the effect of culture?

Cultural world views are responsible for the different beliefs regarding the cause of illness.

Public and community health nursing interventions focus on:

Decreasing inequities that affect population health.

Of the selected steps below, what is the correct order in developing an evaluation plan for community-level interventions?

Develop evaluation questions, identify where you will fin the data you need, and plan how you will analyze your data.

The lead correctional nurse in a facility is working to develop a continuing education program for the other correctional nurses who work in the facility. Which topic would be the most appropriate to include in the program?

Education about working with older inmates with chronic diseases.

Strength-based nursing is focused on which of the following principles?

Empowerment, self-efficacy, and hope.

Which of the following is true regarding strenghts-based nursing?

Empowers patients to help themselves.

Which statement best explains the current scientific hypothesis for the relationship between genetics, environmental contaminants, and illness?

Environmental contaminates trigger illness in people who already are genetically susceptible to an illness.

Which statement is true?

Environmental factors can increase our propensity for disease.

A community nurse is reviewing the disease statistics of an assigned new area. What assessment framework is the nurse utilizing in assessing this community?

Epidemiological

What is the initial nursing intervention when conducting a cultural assessment regarding the health beliefs and values of a member of a non-white American culture?

Establishing an accepting environment.

If a mother is exposed to chemicals that ;had to disease, to what generation can her offspring be affected?

Fourth

Which model asks direct and probing questions to assess family health in 11 different areas?

Functional health patterns (FHPs) (Gordon)

A patient requests information concerning how to isolate ourselves against the exposure to environmental contaminates. Which statement is the basis for the nurse's response?

It is not likely to protect themselves from the contact with some form of environmental contaminate.

Which statement regarding the cause of poor health outcomes and exposure to environmental contaminates describes the challenges associated with minimizing the risk to an individual's health?

It is very difficult to confirm a link between a person's illness and the environment in which he or she lives.

Which of the following correctional setting sees the highest rates of suicide?

Local jails

A public health nurse has been assigned to develop and coordinate a community of solution group on the issue of childhood obesity. Who should the nurse contact first?

Local school nurses in the community and the surrounding areas.

Which grand nursing theory presents the goal of identifying family health patterns for the purpose of making positive change?

Science of unitary beings

The community assessment process directly contributes data for development of community interventions that correlate best with which of the following interventions noted on the Public Health Interventions Wheel?

Outreach

In regards to environmental health risks, how would the genetic predisposition for diabetes be classified?

Personal

The community nurse is performing an assessment on a community related to an identified problem of obesity. Which approach is best to use for this type of community assessment?

Problem-oriented

Families have several functions that are essential for the maintenance and promotion of family health. Which family function is most closely related to a parental desire for children to visit extended family members such as grandparents to develop a sense of belonging?

Promoting affiliation

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of a windshield survey?

Provide familiarity and context to the nurse who is new to a community and its members.

Which science focuses on the association between the environment and human health?

Public health science

The ecomap is an assessment tool commonly used in family nursing. What is the purpose of an ecomap?

Show the relationships between the family and their environment.

How is it that the risk for lead poisoning is increased for children living in poorer communities?

State of deteriorating housing

The community/public health nurse reviews the ecomap for the Stavros family. A line with hash marks (or jagged line) is noted between the family and a circle that is labeled "housing." The community/public health nurse correctly interprets the relationship with housing as:

Stressful

Which level of prevention is applied when working with a family that has suffered a crisis, such as the loss of their home to a fire or flood?

Tertiary prevention

Which of the following regarding the health of the current prison population is NOT a statistical trend?

The rate of HIV/AIDs is rising. -According to the Department of Justice (2015), the rate of HIV/aIDS in the prison population has been declining for several decades. Rates of heart-related conditions and arthritic conditions are considered relatively stable (though slightly rising), while the rate of Type II Diabetes Mellitus is rising.

Which statement is true?

The use of alcohol is categorized as a lifestyle choice.

Which of the following most closely describes the rationale for drawing a genogram?

To depict medical history of family members.

What is the definition of a family in community health?

Two or more people who identify themselves as a family and rely on each other to some extent to meet basic needs.

In regards to the environmental health risks, which of these spheres affects everyone and includes general air or water pollution, exposure to natural or man-made disasters, and/or outbreaks of disease?

Wider environment