Portage Biod 152 module 4 exam

the circulatory system is responsible for which of the following functions -supply cells with oxygen -transportation of gasses -rid cells of waste -prevents blood loss -(all of the above)

- all of the above

list the electrical impulse pathway of the cardiac cycle, starting with the pacemaker

-SA Node -AV Node -Bundle of HIS -purkinje Fibers

which is the correct order of blood flow starting from the heart?(marcar x)

-artery -arteriole -capillary -venule -vein

the average pH of blood is near:

7.4

Your patient has a diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Is your patient at a higher or lower risk for thromboembolism? Explain your reasoning.

Higher risk, Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of a soft mass, usually cholesterol, inside arteries. These deposits, called plaques, can cause blood clots due to irregularities in the artery wall. Thromboembolism refers to a blood clot that moves along with the blood and becomes stuck in a vessel. Therefore, someone with atherosclerosis will have a higher chance of developing blood clots and, consequently, an increased risk of thromboembolism."

The ...... sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygensted

Right, pulmonary circuit

Which statement is true concerning the cardiac cycle

A and B, the dub sound is heard when the semilunar valves close and the lub sound is heard when the atrioventricular valves close/ OR the ventricular contraction time is longer than the atrial contraction time The Ventricular cleared of contraction time is longer than actual contraction time

your patient has a dx of atherosclerosis. would you expect them to also have hypertension? why or why not

Yes. atherosclerosis is an accumulation of soft masses of fatty materials, often cholesterol, inside arteries. these deposits called plaque accumulate beneath the inner linings of arteries. as plaque continues to build up it tends to protrude into the vessel, interfering with normal blood flow Yes because atherosclerosis occurs when the plaque buildup in the arteries and causes narrowing of the arteries which can lead to increased pressure within the vessel(hypertension)

Your patient is admitted to the hospital for an angioplasty. Use your own words to explain to your patient about what is going to happen in this procedure.

a surgeon threads a plastic tube into the artery of an arm or leg. the tube is then guided through the blood vessel toward the heart. when the tube reaches the segment clogged by plaque in a coronary artery, the balloon attached to the end of the tube is inflated, forcing the vessel open

what is the name of the artery in the figure below (in blue also indicated by the arrow?

anterior communicating artery

Name the vessel in the figure below: (highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow)

anterior interventricular branch

The left and right _______ veins carry blood directly into the superior vena cava.

brachiocephalic

which body system supplies cells with oxygen and nutrients and carries away waste?(marcar x)

circulatory system

Name the vessel in the figure below: (highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow)

circumflex branch

Your patient's EKG results indicate difficulty with left and right ventricular systole. What part of the conduction system is not functioning properly?

purkinje fibers

Name the vessel in the figure below: (highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow)

right coronary artery

Name the vessel in the figure below: (highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow)

right marginal artery

a patient has a diagnosis of right sided CHF. which of the following signs/ symptoms would they most likely present with?

swollen ankles

a patient is suspected to have pulmonary edema due to congestive heart failure. Which side of the heart would be in failure?

the left side of the heart would be in failure. if the left side of the heart cannot pump blood out to the body tissues efficiently, blood and fluid will back up into the lungs left sided heart failure because pulmonary edema occurs by fluid backup into the lungs when the left sided heart is not able to pump blood property to the body

a patient is suspected to have pulmonary edema due to CHF. which side of the hear would be in failure?

the left side of the heart. if the left cannot pump blood out to the body tissue efficiently, blood and fluid will back up into the lungs

a patient is suspected to have peripheral edema due to heart failure. which side of the heart would be in failure?

the right side would be in failure. if the right side of the heart cannot pump blood efficiently to the lungs, blood and fluid will back up into the systemic veins, causing swelling in body tissues

a patient is admitted to the ER with a thromboembolism. Your patient is given t-PA. why?

to help dissolve blood clots

T/F: Veins carry blood toward the heart

true

T/F: hydrostatic pressure is the net pressure which pushes fluid into the tissues

true

T/F: the cell portion of blood is called formed elements

true

which layer of a vessel helps anchor it to surrounding structures?

tunica externa

what is the purpose of the mitral valve?

The mitral valve (bicuspid) controls the flow of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle.

a patient is admitted to the ER with a myocardial infarction. what signs symptoms would they display?

A. Shortness of breath B. Angina pectoris C. Heartburn D. Pressure over the chest E. Correct! All the above

a patient has a diagnosis of left sided heart failure. which s/sx would they most likely present with?

A. Shortness of breath at rest B. Swollen ankles C. All the above

which vessels would you expect to be the best place to feel a strong pulse?

A. Subclavian vein B. Inferior vena cava C. Correct! Common carotid D. Brachiocephalic vein

the aortic arch turns to become the _____?

A. Superior vena cava B. Pulmonary trunk C. Ascending aorta D. Correct! Descending aorta

which layer of a vessel contains the muscular layer?

A. Tunica externa B. Correct! Tunica media C. Tunica intima D. Vessels do not contain a muscular layer

a ______ does not contain a nucleus

A. White blood cell B. Correct! Red blood cell D. Megakaryocyte C. Lymphocyte

label the figure below A-E

A: Superior Vena Cava B: Right Atrium C: Tricuspid/Right AV valve D: Left ventricle E. Pulmonary Valve

a patient had a stroke in their pons portion of the brainstem. what vessel was most likely blocked?

Basilar artery

use the figure below to answer the following question. which part of the medical equipment is squeezed to inflate A?

F, the bulb

Which statement is false concerning the events in the coagulation cascade?

Fibrin is converted to fibrinogen

A patient has a diagnosis of right sided heart failure . Which of the following signs/symptoms would they most likely present with

Swollen ankles

T/F: osmotic pressure is the net pressure which pushes fluid into the tissues

false (hydrostatic)

your patient is admitted to the hospital for coronary artery bypass. explain what is going to happen in this surgery for your patience

A surgeon will take a section of the vessel for one area, then attach one end at the aorta and the other end to a coronary artery past the point of obstruction resuming the blood flow.

label the figure below A-E

A-aorta B-right ventricle C-mitral/bicuspid/left AV valve D-left atrium E-pulmonary trunk

Your patient's EKG results indicate difficulty with left and right atrial systole. What part of the conduction system is not functioning properly?

A. Atrioventricular node. B. Correct! SA node causes contraction of the left and right atria C. Bundle of His D. Purkinje fibers

a patient had a stroke in their frontal lobe. what vessel was most likely blocked?

A. Correct! Anterior cerebral artery B. Posterior cerebral artery C. Basilar artery D. Vertebral artery

Oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart through the _____ to the rest of the body

A. Correct! Left, systemic circuit B. Right, pulmonary circuit C. Left, pulmonary circuit D. Right, systemic circuit

the heart is contained in the _______ cavity

A. Correct! Pericardial B. Pleural C. Septal D. Rectoperineal

the pacemaker of the heart is in what location?

A. Correct! Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle

you are reviewing your patient's results from an EKG. the findings indicate a problem with ventricular repolarization. where should you look on the EKG to find this abnormal rythm?

A. Correct! T-wave B. QRS complex C. P-wave D. The electrical activity cannot be read on an EKG

which layer of heart anchors it to the diaphragm?

A. Endocardium B. Mediastinal C. Myocardium D. Correct! Pericardium

Which statement is true concerning the events in the coagulation cascade?

A. Platelets destroy the fibrin network. B. Fibrin is converted to fibrinogen. C. Plasmin becomes trapped in the fibrin threads. D. Correct! Prothrombin is converted to thrombin.

portion A is filled with air. which part of the medical equipment shown below releases the air from A?

E, the valve

what is the purpose of the fossa ovalis in a fetus

It allows fetal blood to move directly from right to left atrium, bypassing he undeveloped lungs. The fossa ovalis closes during birth so that the lungs can receive oxygen once the baby is born.

what is the name of the artery in the figure below (in blue also indicated by the arrow?

Posterior Cerebral(PCA)

You are reviewing your patient's results from an EKG. the findings indicate a problem with ventricular DEpolarization. where should you look on the EKG to find this abnormal rythm?

QRS complex

you are reviewing your patients results from an EKG. the findings indicate a problem with ventricular depolarization. where should you look on the EKG to find the abnormal rythm?

QRS complex

the pacemaker of the heart is the:

SA node

These two arteries of the circle of Willis rise along both sides of the spinal cord, joining the brainstem

Vertebral arteries

T/F: the liquid portion of blood is called formed elements

false (plasma)

T/F: arteries have high amounts of stretch with little recoil

false (veins)

the pericardial cavity contains the:

heart

These two arteries of the circle of Willis arise from the common carotid arteries in the neck.

left and right (internal carotid arteries)

Name the vessel in the figure below: (highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow)

left coronary artery

which layer of the heart is composed of contractile cardiac muscle?

myocardium

the portion of blood responsible for maintaining blood pH is:

plasma

________ is a cell fragment from a large bone marrow cell

platelets

Name the Circle of Willis

posterior cerebral artery

Name the vessel in the figure below: (highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow)

posterior intraventricular artery