positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
tendency to speak very little or to convey little substance or meaning
alogia negative/soft
holding seemingly contradictory beliefs or feelings about the same person, event, or situation
ambivalence positive/hard
feeling no joy or pleasure from life or any activities or relationships
anhedonia negative/soft
feelings of indifference toward people, activities, and events
apathy negative/soft
social withdrawal, few or no relationships, lack of closeness
asociality negative/soft
fragmented or poorly related thoughts and ideas
associative looseness positive/hard
absence of will, ambition, or drive to take action or accomplish tasks
avolition or lack of volition negative/soft
outlandish appearance or clothing, repetitive or stereotyped, seemingly purposeless movements, unusual social or sexual behavior
bizarre behavior positive/hard
restricted range of emotional feeling, tone, or mood
blunted affect negative/soft
psychologically induced immobility occasionally marked by periods of agitation or excitement; client seems motionless as if in a trance
catatonia negative/soft
fixed false beliefs that have no basis in reality
delusions positive/hard
limitation of the movements of another person whom the client is observing
echopraxia positive/hard
absence of any facial expression that would indicate emotions or mood
flat affect negative/soft
continuous flow of verbalization in which the person jumps rapidly from one topic to another
flight of ideas positive/hard
false sensory perceptions or perceptual experiences that do not exist in reality
hallucinations positive/hard
false impressions that external events have special meaning for the person
ideas of reference positive/hard
inability to concentrate or focus on a topic or activity, regardless or its importance
inattention negative/soft
alogia anhedonia apathy asociality blunted affect catatonia flat affect avolition or lack of volition inattention limited speech
negative/soft symptoms
-ambivalence -associative looseness -delusions -echopraxia -flight of ideas -hallucinations -hostility -disorganized speech -ideas of reference -thought withdrawal, blocking, insertion, broadcasting -tangential thinking -preservation -bizarre behavior
positive/hard symptoms
persistent adherence to a single idea or topic, verbal repetition of sentence, word, or phrase, resisting attempts to change topic
preservation positive/hard