positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

tendency to speak very little or to convey little substance or meaning

alogia negative/soft

holding seemingly contradictory beliefs or feelings about the same person, event, or situation

ambivalence positive/hard

feeling no joy or pleasure from life or any activities or relationships

anhedonia negative/soft

feelings of indifference toward people, activities, and events

apathy negative/soft

social withdrawal, few or no relationships, lack of closeness

asociality negative/soft

fragmented or poorly related thoughts and ideas

associative looseness positive/hard

absence of will, ambition, or drive to take action or accomplish tasks

avolition or lack of volition negative/soft

outlandish appearance or clothing, repetitive or stereotyped, seemingly purposeless movements, unusual social or sexual behavior

bizarre behavior positive/hard

restricted range of emotional feeling, tone, or mood

blunted affect negative/soft

psychologically induced immobility occasionally marked by periods of agitation or excitement; client seems motionless as if in a trance

catatonia negative/soft

fixed false beliefs that have no basis in reality

delusions positive/hard

limitation of the movements of another person whom the client is observing

echopraxia positive/hard

absence of any facial expression that would indicate emotions or mood

flat affect negative/soft

continuous flow of verbalization in which the person jumps rapidly from one topic to another

flight of ideas positive/hard

false sensory perceptions or perceptual experiences that do not exist in reality

hallucinations positive/hard

false impressions that external events have special meaning for the person

ideas of reference positive/hard

inability to concentrate or focus on a topic or activity, regardless or its importance

inattention negative/soft

alogia anhedonia apathy asociality blunted affect catatonia flat affect avolition or lack of volition inattention limited speech

negative/soft symptoms

-ambivalence -associative looseness -delusions -echopraxia -flight of ideas -hallucinations -hostility -disorganized speech -ideas of reference -thought withdrawal, blocking, insertion, broadcasting -tangential thinking -preservation -bizarre behavior

positive/hard symptoms

persistent adherence to a single idea or topic, verbal repetition of sentence, word, or phrase, resisting attempts to change topic

preservation positive/hard