Anatomy Test Questions
Consider the following terms for anatomical organization: (1) tissue; (2) molecules; (3) organ systems; (4) cells; (5) organelles; (6) organs. Which of the following choices lists the levels in order of increasing anatomical hierarchy complexity? -5,2,1,4,3,6 -1,4,2,5,6,3 -3,6,1,4,5,2 -2,5,4,1,6,3
2,5,4,1,6,3
How many quadrants are found in the abdominal area? 1 2 3 4
4
Choose the correct vertebral sections (in a human) from superior to inferior. -7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum, coccyx -12 thoracic, 7 cervical, 5 lumbar, coccyx, sacrum -6 cervical, 10 thoracic, 5 lumbar, coccyx, sacrum -6 thoracic, 12 cervical, 5 lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
The foot and ankle are made of the following bones: -7 tarsals, 1 tibia, 1 fibula -7 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges -7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges -7 tarsals, 5 metatsals, 15 phalanges
7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges
The vertebral column consists of _____ cervical vertebrae, _____ thoracic vertebrae, and _____ lumbar vertebrae. -5, 12, 7 -12, 7, 5 -12, 5, 7 -7, 12, 5
7, 12, 5
The skull is composed of _____ bones in the cranium and _____ bones in the face. -8, 14 -12, 22 -6, 12 -14, 8
8, 14
Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue? -Abdominal -Smooth -Cardiac -Skeletal
Abdominal
Which of the following is true of a muscle contraction, at the sarcomere level? -The crossbridge remains until the contraction is relaxed -The z discs move apart -Myosin heads are pulled away from the M line -Actin is pulled towards the center of the sarcomere
Actin is pulled towards the center of the sarcomere
Which site or sites are most likely to be locations of metastasis of melanoma? -Liver -Lungs -All of the above -Brain
All of the above
Mrs. Smith is walking toward you. You are looking at her _______________surface. -Anterior -Posterior -Proximal -Dorsal
Anterior
The scapula is found in the ____________________ skeleton. -Anterior -Axial -Appendicular -Auxillary
Appendicular
Which of the following is not a role of skeletal muscle? -Assist with breathing -Protect the skeleton -All of these are roles of skeletal muscle -Protect internal organs -Cause major movements of limbs
Assist with breathing
Muscles that are not used, may degenerate or undergo a process of _____. -Hypertrophy -Fatigue -Tetany -Atrophy
Atrophy
The sacrum is found in the ____________________ skeleton. -Auxillary -Appendicular -Anterior -Axial
Axial
Which of the following is an incorrect pairing for the name of the muscle and its function in the body? -Buccinator; used to whistle and smile -Quadriceps; extension of the knee and hip flexion -Masseter; chewing -Biceps brachii; extends the forearm
Biceps brachii; extends the forearm
Which is an example of a positive feedback loop? -Birth of a baby -Heat thermostat -Fever -Air conditioning
Birth of a baby
Which of these is not one of the four basic types of body tissue? -Brain tissue -Muscle tissue -Epithelial tissue -Connective tissue
Brain tissue
Your patient has the skin cancer melanoma. You have just told her that lab results show that the cancer has spread to her bones. She says to you, "How can skin cancer affect my bones?" What is your answer. -In the summer, sunlight is especially bright and the radiation is able to penetrate to the depth of the outer layers of bone. -Cancer cells can travel by the lymph system to your bones. -Cancer cells can travel by the nervous system to your bones. -Melanoma can grow directly down through your skin and muscles into your bones.
Cancer cells can travel by the lymph system to your bones.
Which of the following shows the correct order of complexity from simplest to most complex? -Cell - Organ -Tissue - Organism - Organ System -Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organism - Organ System -Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism
Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism
You are looking at a slice of bone through a microscope. What tissue type would you be most likely to find? -Nervous -Muscle -Epithelial -Connective
Connective
Which plane cuts the body into front and back parts? -Temporal -Coronal (frontal) -Transverse -Sagittal
Coronal (frontal)
Which of the following is NOT a basic tissue type? -Connective -Muscle -Diaphysiseal -Epithelial
Diaphysiseal
A neurosurgeon orders a spinal epidural for a patient. This means the needle will be placed near the spinal cord for the injection. Which body cavity will the needle be inserted? -Cranial -Ventral -Thoracic -Dorsal
Dorsal
Which of the following activities would NOT by an example of an anatomical study? -Drawing blood from a fasting patient to determine their blood glucose levels. -Examining the surface of the tibia. -Examining the surface of the skin to detect cancer -During dissection, using forceps or your finger to probe inside the aorta and explore the semilunar valve.
Drawing blood from a fasting patient to determine their blood glucose levels.
Which system is responsible for sending chemical messages via hormones through the body? -Skeletal -Respiratory -Muscular -Endocrine
Endocrine
The kidneys function to filter the blood and excrete any unneeded water and minerals. Which tissue type would you expect to find in the kidneys? -Muscular -Epitheial -Nervous -Connective
Epitheial
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? -Blood cell formation -Protection of internal organs -Fat and mineral production -Support
Fat and mineral production
Where are the tarsals found? -Foot -Knee -Toes -Phalanges
Foot
Which of the following describes smooth muscle? -Has actin and myosin proteins -Is voluntary -Has sarcomeres -Has striations
Has actin and myosin proteins
Which is NOT a type of muscle? -Cardiac -Hepatic -Smooth -Skeletal
Hepatic
Elbow flexion and extension occur at which type of joint? -Ball and Socket -Gliding -Hinge -Saddle
Hinge
What are the three parts of the pelvic bone? -Sacrum, Coccyx, Vertebrae -Ilium, Ischium, Pubis -Ischium, Femur, Tibia -Pubis, Sacrum, Coccyx
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
In real-life dissections, explain why communication of body planes and cavities is important. For instance, if the directions called for "making an incision on the anterior medial part of the body segment, 1 inch superior to the umbilicus" explain exactly where you should be making the incision.
In real life it is extremely important to know where you are in the body to ensure that you are not risking hitting any major arteries, nerves, etc that would put the patient's life at risk. You would be making an incision on the front of the body (anterior), toward the midline (medial), 1 inch from the belly button.
What is the name of the only freely movable bone in the skull? -Zygomatic -Maxilla -Mandible -Sphenoid
Mandible
Your patient has been diagnosed as an albino. What is this person missing? -Osteocytes -Melanocytes -Squamous cells -Glial cells
Melanocytes
A patient comes into your office and she is very concerned. She has recently found out that her best friend since 2nd grade has a cancer called melanoma. She is frightened that she might have it, too, but does not have any idea what melanoma is. In your answer, please share what you would say to this patient to help her understand the following: What is melanoma? What cells are involved? Can the disease spread? What could possibly happen to her friend? Could your patient have caught this disease from her friend? Please answer this in narrative form (not bullet points!) as you would be speaking with this patient.
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer. Your skin is made up of epithelial tissue and epithelial tissue is made of stratified squamous cells. Yes, the disease can spread, very quickly. If it continues to grow it can grow through the lymph system and spread throughout your body. Melanoma is not something to take lightly. If the proper actions are not taken, it can become fatal. The disease is not airborne and you cannot catch it from other people. Your epithelial tissue has had an error or depending on your family history, it could be in your genes.
If a carbohydrate is a great source of energy, which tissue would benefit the most? -Cartilage -Nervous -Bone -Muscle
Muscle
The skeletal system provides a place for ____________________ to attach. -Nerves -Muscles -Organs -Blood vessels
Muscles
Which system pulls on the bones to create movement? -Muscular -Reproductive -Endocrine -Lymphatic
Muscular
The large, rectangular bones that form the top and sides of the cranium are the ____________________ bones. -Temporal -Occipital -Sphenoid -Parietal
Parietal
What type of joint allows rotations of one bone around the surface of another, as is found between C1 and C2? -Ellipsoidal -Gliding -Ball and Socket -Pivot
Pivot
Which type of feedback loop increases the response to the stimulus? -Negative -Alternating -Positive -None of the above
Positive
Which system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide? -Digestive -Respiratory -Skeletal -Muscular
Respiratory
Which plane would cut the body into right and left halves? -Sagittal -None of the above -Transverse -Frontal
Sagittal
Which consciously controlled muscle is responsible for movement? -Cardiac -All of these -Skeletal -Smooth
Skeletal
Homeostasis means -Changing external conditions -Stable external conditions. -Stable internal conditions. -Changing internal conditions.
Stable internal conditions.
Which bone consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process? -Wrist -Sternum -Scapula -Clavicle
Sternum
You are looking under a microscope at a tissue sample. You note that the tissue is stacked layers of squarish cells. What sort of tissue is this? -Stratified cuboidal -Transitional -Simple squamous -Pseudostratified columnar
Stratified cuboidal
Skin functions to protect the body. What sort of tissue type would you expect to find in the skin? -Simple columnar -Pseudostratified columnar -Stratified squamous -Stratified cuboidal
Stratified squamous
Which of these is a function of the skeletal system? -Support -Communication -Secretion -Nutrition
Support
Which connective tissue holds muscle to bone? -Ligaments -Cartilage -Tendons -Blood
Tendons
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the cavities of the body? -Dorsally, the body cavities are protected by bone. -Body cavities are fluid-filled spaces where internal organs are located. -Ventrally, the body cavities are protected by the serous membrane. -The abdominopelvic region is divided into 8 regions to allow more specificity and accuracy.
The abdominopelvic region is divided into 8 regions to allow more specificity and accuracy.
A crossbridge occurs when -The actin heads bind to the myosin -ATP joins to the myosin -The myosin heads bind to the actin -The calcium attaches to the troponin-tropomyosin complex
The myosin heads bind to the actin
As we compare exocrine and endocrine, what is the main difference between the two. -The presence or absence of ducts -Exocrine glands are only found in the digestive tract. -The size of the gland determines the type -The presence or absence of simple squamous cells
The presence or absence of ducts
A friend is worried about her newborn niece. She has been told that the baby was born with extra soft ribs. She is also confused because they also mentioned a problem with the sternum and she's never heard of that before. She knows you are in anatomy and asks you what bad things could happen to her niece with soft ribs. She also wants to know what a "sternum" is. Explain the importance of ribs and how having extra soft ribs could be a problem. Explain the relationship between the ribs and sternum.
The ribs and the sternum work together in protection. Most ribs connect to the sternum. The sternum, also known as the breastbone, protects your heart, lungs, and major blood vessels. Your ribs also there to help protect your heart and lungs. Extra soft ribs means her ribs are not as sturdy or as "hard" as ours, meaning her skeleton is immature. That means they cannot protect her heart and lungs as well as our ribs can. This also gives her an easier chance of cracking or breaking a rib.
Which of these statements is correct? -The knee is lateral to the hip -The shoulder is lateral to the neck -The ankle is medial to the foot -The inside of the thigh is lateral to the outside of the foot
The shoulder is lateral to the neck
Choose the correct anatomical statement. -The muscular system works with the integumentary system to allow for movement. -Arteries carry oxygen rich blood to most body parts. -The skeleton consists of 206 bones. -The alveoli are the sites for gas exchange in the lungs.
The skeleton consists of 206 bones.
Choose the correct statement regarding the axial skeleton. -There are 126 bones for the skull, spine, shoulder, upper & lower extremities, and the pelvis -There 80 bones for the shoulder, upper & lower extremities and pelvis. -There are 126 bones for the skull, spine, sternum and ribs. -There are 80 bones for the skull, spine, sternum and ribs.
There are 80 bones for the skull, spine, sternum and ribs.
A patient's hand was splashed with hot oil and is in significant pain. When you examine the hand, you see red and white areas of skin with multiple blisters. What is your diagnosis? -Third degree burn -First degree burn -Second degree burn
Third degree burn
_____ refers to the constant state of contraction of a certain number of fibers within a muscle. -Tone -Hypertrophy -Atrophy -Summation
Tone
When calcium is released, what does it bind to? -Myosin -Troponin -Tropomyosin -Actin
Troponin
Which of the bones listed is NOT included within the lower limb? -Femur -Tibia -Ulna -Fibula
Ulna
Transitional epithelium is able to stretch. Which anatomical structure would be most likely to have transitional epithelium? -Intestine -Urinary bladder -Iris of the eye -Heart
Urinary bladder
This type of tissue appears empty but is actually the storehouse of energy, while protecting and insulating many organs. -cartilage -adipose -blood -reticular connective
adipose
The cells of squamous epithelium are a single cell thick. This is advantageous to the body because it ________. -serves as a barrier to ultraviolet radiation -allows for filtration and diffusion -increases the strength of muscle contractions -binds cancer cells in a matrix for later disposal
allows for filtration and diffusion
Which muscle groups are located in the arm? -trapezious -biceps -quadriceps -hamstrings
biceps
The first seven pair of ribs -attach to the sternum together -connect directly to the sternum -do not connect to the sternum at all -connect to each other by cartilage
connect directly to the sternum
Which type of tissue protects and cushions organs and tissue? -connective -nervous -muscular -epithelial
connective
The layer of the epidermis that is constantly flaking off 24 hours a day is the stratum ________. -granulosum -lucidum -spinosum -basale -corneum
corneum
Endocrine
ductless
Which tissue type covers the inside and outside of bodily surfaces as well as organs? -nervous -epithelial -muscle -connective
epithelial
The function of the ________ system is to maintain homeostasis by removing waste from blood. -nervous -excretory -digestive -endocrine
excretory
Adipose
fat
Blood
fluid matrix
A sprinter on the track team was at the blocks at the start of his race. As she pushed off the block, plantar-flexing her foot to point her toe downwards, she suddenly felt a sharp pain in the back of her calf. What muscle did she most likely injure? -quadriceps -gastrocnemius -hamstrings -tibialis anterior
gastrocnemius
The Latin prefix for "under" is ________. -hypo -supra -ipsi -epi
hypo
The transverse plans divides the body into -inferior and superior parts -anterior and posterior parts -equal anterior and posterior parts -equal inferior and superior parts
inferior and superior parts
Vertebrae are ____________________ bones. -flat -square -short -irregular
irregular
Cartilage
joints
The lower posterior back muscles are called the -intercostals -trapezious -chest -lattismus dorsi
lattismus dorsi
The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and ____________________. -blood -hormones -ligaments -tendons
ligaments
Choose the incorrect set of opposite terms. -anterior and posterior -medial and lateral -inferior and superior -medial and anterior
medial and anterior
Choose the correct set of opposite directional terms. -lateral and inferior -posterior and medial parts -superior and posterior -medial and lateral
medial and lateral
A scientist is studying muscle twitches in chicken quadriceps. To activate the muscle, he needs to provide stimulus to the _________. -sarcomere -skeletal muscle fiber -motor unit -myofibril
motor unit
Which of the following does NOT occur in a muscle during contraction: -thick and thin filaments "slide" past each other -muscle fiber stretch -muscle fibers shorten -thick and thin filaments bind to each other
muscle fiber stretch
The thick filament of fibrous protein that engages in the "sliding filament" process for the contraction and relaxation of muscles is made of the protein -myosin -ATP -calcium -actin
myosin
Spinal cord
nervous
According to the classification of anatomical hierarchy, which represents the correct sequence of structure from most complex to least complex? -tissue, organelle, system, organ -cell, tissue, atom, molecule -organism, organ, tissue, cell -cell, tissue, organelle, organ
organism, organ, tissue, cell
Which ribs are considered to be "floating" because they do not connect to the sternum? -pairs 1 - 2 -pairs 6-7 -pairs 11-12 -pairs 8-10
pairs 11-12
Which term is NOT used to describe one of the four types of tissue? -muscle -nervous -connective -pancreatic
pancreatic
Where part of the the pelvis connects to the vertebral column? -pubis -coccyx -sacrum -ilium
sacrum
The smallest contractile unit of muscle tissue is a ____. -thin filament -sarcomere -motor unit -synapse
sarcomere
The shoulder girdle is formed by which two bones? -sternum and clavicle -ulna and radius -humerus and scapula -scapula and clavicle
scapula and clavicle
The patella and two small, round bones beneath the great toe are classified as ____________________ bones. -irregular -short -sesamoid -flat
sesamoid
Three samples of muscle tissue are looked at under the microscope. Sample A is noted to have many nuclei. It is most likely ____ muscle. -either skeletal or cardiac -skeletal -smooth -cardiac
skeletal
The walls of hollow organs and some blood vessels contain this muscle tissue: -cardiac -striated -smooth -skeletal
smooth
This type of tissue forms the epidermis -stratified cuboidal -stratified squamous -simple squamous -simple cuboidal
stratified squamous
The human body is covered with hair. What function(s) of the integumentary system does this structure perform? -thermoregulation -vitamin production -reproductive -metabollic
thermoregulation
The ribs attach to which vertebrae? -thoracic and lumbar -thoracic only -cervical, thoracic, and lumbar -cervical and thoracic
thoracic only
This type of tissue can stretch from one appearance to another for organs such as the urinary bladder, uretha and ureters of the urinary tract -transitional -stratified columnar -stratified cuboidal -pseudostratified columnar
transitional
