POSSIBLE Qs AP LANG

In the passage, the author presents a narrative of her parents' deportation in order to A. imply that her audience would find it difficult to imagine her predicament B. contrast her perspective as a child with her adult understanding of an issue C. illustrate her point that existing immigration policy is broken D. express regret over decisions she made subsequent to that experience E. clarify why the actions taken against her parents were unlawful

C. illustrate her point that existing immigration policy is broken In recounting her family's experience, the author repeatedly connects the problems they faced to aspects of the existing immigration system. She notes, for instance, that her parents were scammed while trying to obtain legal status, that the government did not check on her when her parents were taken, and that judges did not have the discretion to let her family stay together. In this way, the author presents her family's difficulties as evidence to illustrate why existing policies need to be changed.

4. In the context of lines 19-22, the words "one is retired" are best described as (A) a detail that makes a critical situation even more precarious (B) a fact that is puzzling to the author and other biologists (C) a claim that is of equal concern to scientists and the general public (D) an excuse for outdated designs for research projects (E) an aside that undermines the point about taxonomy that is being made

(A) a detail that makes a critical situation even more precarious

The primary rhetorical strategy in the passage is the

(A) exemplification of key concepts and ideas

5. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the first and second paragraphs? (A) The second paragraph illustrates the work of the specialists mentioned in the first paragraph. (B) The second paragraph describes the effects of an issue raised in the first paragraph. (C) The second paragraph questions the logic of an idea expressed in the first paragraph. (D) The second paragraph considers factors that could remedy the situation discussed in the first paragraph. (E) The second paragraph lists the practical applications of a theory proposed in the first paragraph.

(B) The second paragraph describes the effects of an issue raised in the first paragraph.

15. It can be inferred from the passage that the author assumes the reader is

(B) a generalist who needs an explanation ofspecialized concepts

2. The author mentions "glass-blowing and harpsichord manufacture" (lines 7-8) to suggest that taxonomy is (A) a field characterized by antiquated practices (B) an art that is extremely difficult to master (C) a profession practiced by relatively few people (D) an area of expertise with various practical applications (E) a discipline that has limited usefulness

(C) a profession practiced by relatively few people

7. The author uses the word "obscure" in line 48 to mean (A) ambiguous (B) incomprehensible (C) not well known (D) uncertain (E) unusually small

(C) not well known

8. The third paragraph (lines 47-61) serves which of the following functions? (A) It explains the results of a controversial study. (B) It compares examples that illustrate a point. (C) It explores social and historical contexts. (D) It speculates about a potential improvement. (E) It presents an opposing point of view.

(D) It speculates about a potential improvement.

3. The series of phrases in lines 14-16 ("Marvelously varied . . . acre of land") primarily conveys the (A) critical job that springtails and oribatid mites perform in the natural environment (B) ferocity with which springtails and oribatid mites compete for survival (C) array of tiny animals that coexist with springtails and oribatid mites in the soil (D) characteristics of springtails and oribatid mites (E) life span of springtails and oribatid mites living in the soil

(D) characteristics of springtails and oribatid mites

30. In the context of the passage, which of the following versions of the underlined text is the most effective way to introduce the evidence provided in sentence 10 (reproduced below) ? Confirmation bias does admittedly have its uses:it can, for example, increase the efficiency with which we process information and also protect us against information that might be damaging to our self- esteem.

A. (As it is now)

27. Which of the following sentences in the passage can best be described as the writer's thesis statement?

A. Sentence 1

28. The writer is considering adding the sentence below immediately after sentence 1 in order to further develop the argument in the first paragraph. When I decided where to go to college, for example, I thought I had considered every factor and made the best possible choice. Should the writer add this sentence after sentence 1 ?

A. Yes, because it describes a personal experience that helps illustrate the point made in sentence.

In the tenth paragraph, the author appeals twice to "our values" in order to A. claim that her family's experiences run counter to shared national ideals B. dispel doubts surrounding her own status as an American citizen C. suggest that her audience's values might differ from those of her parents D. distinguish between groups who have adopted similar values for different reasons E. show that two sets of values are more similar than they might appear to be

A. claim that her family's experiences run counter to shared national ideals When the author repeats the phrase "our values," she is arguing that her family's experience of enforced separation does not reflect "our values as a country"; nor is it reflective of United States values to "hold people in detention without access to good legal representation." The author's choice to repeat the phrase emphasizes that these are national values she and her audience share and that her family's experiences run counter to them. By choosing to appeal to national ideals, the author takes advantage of one aspect of her rhetorical situation (an audience with historically established values) to advance her argument's purpose: the reform of national deportation policies.

In the passage as a whole, the author recounts her and her family's experiences to support the thesis that A. improving the immigration system would benefit the entire country B. the complicated nature of the immigration system makes immigrants vulnerable to scams C. immigrants with strong family connections are more likely to succeed than those without them D. the education system can help provide the support that children of immigrants require E. the foster care system is underprepared for the needs of immigrant families

A. improving the immigration system would benefit the entire country The author recounts her family's story to illustrate a variety of ways in which deportation negatively affects not only those who are directly affected by deportation but also society as a whole, which must deal with the costs and consequences of children being separated from their family. She presents all these details in support of her overarching claim that Congress and the president must reform immigration policy for the benefit of the country overall.

In the first sentence of the sixth paragraph, the author describes her "rocky existence" during high school in order to A. support the claim that her parents' absence affected her during her adolescence B. show how her experiences were typical of teens in the United States C. highlight the hospitality offered to her by the parents of her friends D. suggest that her high school was not sufficiently supportive of students in her situation E. balance a discussion of her high school triumphs with an acknowledgement of her challenges

A. support the claim that her parents' absence affected her during her adolescence When the author refers to her "rocky existence," she suggests that although she had good friends, she faced a number of challenges. At the end of the paragraph, she arrives at the conclusion that "part of [her] ached with every accomplishment, because [her] parents weren't there to share [her] joy." Therefore, the author mentions a "rocky existence" to provide evidence that supports the claim that her parents' absence affected her during her adolescence.

Which of the following best describes the author's exigence in the passage? A. The increasing number of people seeking asylum in the United States B. The impact of government policies on undocumented immigrant families C. The lack of positive role models for children of undocumented immigrants D. Widespread ignorance of the poor quality of legal representation available to undocumented immigrants E. The author's desire to acknowledge her parents' efforts to support her despite their immigration status

B. The impact of government policies on undocumented immigrant families The author's exigence in the passage is apparent in the story she provides about her parents' deportation, which is then linked to other stories about the impact of government immigration policies on families. These stories highlight the impact of government policies on undocumented immigrant families.

26. In sentence 3 (reproduced below) , the writer wants to include a piece of relevant evidence that will help convince the reader to accept the techniques used by Warren Buffet as credible. Fortunately, there are techniques, like those used by Warren Buffett(born in Omaha, Nebraska, in1930) when he makes his financial decisions that can minimize the risks of confirmation bias. Which of the following versions of the underlined portion of sentence 13 best accomplishes this goal?

C. one of the most successful investors in history

In order to strengthen her argument, the author references which of the following contemporary circumstances? A. Legislation that has recently been passed by Congress B. The backlog of cases for immigration hearings C. Significant changes in the number of immigrants to the United States D. An unfulfilled pledge by a political leader E. Widespread abuses in the criminal justice system

D. An unfulfilled pledge by a political leader The author situates her text within a particular political context by making the following statement about a political leader: "President Obama has promised to act on providing deportation relief for families across the country, and I would urge him to do so quickly." Therefore, the contemporary circumstance that she refers to is an unfulfilled pledge by a political leader.

In the eighth paragraph, the author's statement that "My story is all too common" serves which of the following purposes? A. It shows that the author was luckier than most adolescents in her situation. B. It summarizes an experience that was previously depicted through anecdotes. C. It anticipates an objection about the legality of her parents' deportation. D. It asserts the relevance of her personal experience within a wider political debate. E. It concedes that the author's opinions about deportation were shaped by her own experiences.

D. It asserts the relevance of her personal experience within a wider political debate. After the statement "My story was all too common," the author shifts from her personal story to a broader claim that "Every day, children who are U.S. citizens are separated from their families as a result of immigration policies that need fixing." The statement thus provides commentary on the narrative elements earlier in the passage, presenting the author's personal story as evidence for her claim that deportation policies need reform.

25. The writer is considering adding the following sentence to the passage after sentence 3. Though the phenomenon has been observed throughout history by philosophers, historians, and novelists, the term "confirmation bias" itself wasn't invented until the 1960s by British psychologist Peter Wason. Should the writer add this sentence after sentence 3 ?

E. No, because it gives evidence that is not relevant to the passage's overall line of reasoning and therefore does not strengthen the validity of the writer's argument.

In the ninth paragraph, the author relates the story of her niece ("When my . . . support her") primarily to A. express regret for the author's failure to support her family B. cite a factor that inspired her to take on a particular screen role C. identify one aspect of her family's situation that is atypical D. urge the government to increase financial support for single-parent households E. illustrate the negative effects of family fragmentation on children

E. illustrate the negative effects of family fragmentation on children The author concludes the story about her niece by stating that her niece's situation could have been different if her brother and parents had been there to offer support. Thus, her niece's experience serves to show the negative effects of family fragmentation on children, thereby advancing the author's purpose of advocating for the reform of deportation policies.

In the second paragraph, the sentences "Throughout my childhood . . . never helped" primarily serve to appeal to the audience's A. sense of compassion: these lines show that undocumented immigrants are overwhelmed by having to appear before judges without legal representation B. faith in legal professionals: these lines show that proper representation in court would have helped the author's family to legalize their immigration status C. sense of charity toward others: these lines show that the author's family lacked the financial means to work within the legal system D. trust in justice: these lines show that more regulation of immigration attorneys is necessary to make the system fair E. respect for the rule of law: these lines show that the author's parents made a genuine effort to legally navigate a burdensome immigration process

E. respect for the rule of law: these lines show that the author's parents made a genuine effort to legally navigate a burdensome immigration process In these sentences, the author describes the obstacles her family faced in their attempts to become legal, including being deceived by attorneys. Thus, the author uses her family as an example when expressing the claim that navigating the immigration process legally can be particularly burdensome for undocumented families in order to appeal to her audience's respect for the law.

The primary purpose of the first paragraph (lines 1-26) is to

explain the relationship between different scientific disciplines