PQ12

After English, Spanish is the language most frequently spoken in homes in the United States. What language is the third most common, and is spoken in over 2.6 million homes?

Chinese

Piaget and Inhelder tested whether children could seriate in two dimensions at once by asking them to sort leaves according to size and brightness. What did they find to be TRUE?

Concrete operational children could seriate on both tasks simultaneously.

Tyler is 8 years old. In terms of his thinking, he understands that other people may have different perspectives than he does. He can focus on multiple parts of a problem at one time. In all, his thinking is more flexible than it was in the past. Which of Piaget's stages is Tyler in?

Concrete operations

Natalie believes that Heinz should steal the drug because "that is what a good husband would do." According to Kohlberg, this is an example of which level of moral development?

Conventional

If a child is asked to come up with as many different uses for a piece of string as possible, what type of thinking is required?

Divergent

Bilingual children have more academic problems than those who speak only one language.

False

Giftedness is defined as having a high IQ score.

False

Metamemory means understanding how other people think.

False

Sternberg used factor analysis to define several primary mental abilities.

False

The first intellectual spurt occurs at age 3.

False

The language most often spoken in United States homes other than English is Chinese.

False

Five- and 6-year-old children tend to believe that if they lie or steal, they will be found out and punished for their acts. According to Piaget, what is this called?

Immanent justice

What impact does the promise of rewards have on the recall of information?

It can facilitate recall.

Justin puts his school supplies away in his desk. When asked why, he replies, "Because my teacher told me to." He believes that right and wrong are absolutes and that behavior is correct when it conforms to rules. According to Piaget, what stage of moral development is Justin in?

Moral realism

According to research,

Piaget appeared to have the developmental sequences right, but the ages might be less rigid.

Which of the following tasks requires seriation?

Placing blocks in order by size

Believing that Heinz should steal the drug because his wife's life is more important than the law is an example of which type of moral reasoning?

Postconventional

Believing that Heinz should not steal the drug because stealing is wrong and Heinz will get caught and go to jail is representative of which type of moral thinking?

Preconventional

The ability to understand that a ball of clay has the same amount of clay when it is flattened reflects which cognitive processes?

Reversible thinking

Which of the following adjectives accurately describes Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Sequential

Which memory process lasts for up to 30 seconds without rehearsal?

Short-term

According to Piaget, which of the following would a concrete operational child be unable to do?

Solve if A plus B equals 5, what is A?

____ is said to occur when African-American and Latino-American children worry about their performance on intelligence tests. This worry causes anxiety, which distracts them from the test questions and negatively affects their test scores.

Stereotype vulnerability

Which of the following illustrates seriation?

The ability to place sticks in order according to size

When using the Binet-Simon scale, what is meant by mental age?

The intellectual level at which the child is functioning

How do IQ scores at age 9 correlate with IQ scores at age 18?

They are moderately positively related.

Which of the following statements is TRUE of concrete operational children?

They can work with multiple cognitive dimensions at the same time.

In a preschool classroom, the teacher is singing the alphabet song. He sings "A, B, C, D, E, F"...and then stops. The children shout out "G!" How did the children know what came next in the song?

Through repetition and rote learning

Concrete operational thinking is characterized by decentration, flexibility, and reversibility.​

True

Encoding and rehearsal enhance memory.

True

Phonics allows children to associate letters with their sounds.

True

Piaget tested children's abilities of seriation by asking them to place 10 sticks in order of size.

True

Some words in English, such as one and two, can be read only by the word recognition method.

True

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS) assumes that intelligence increases with age.

True

The closer the biological relationship between people, the more similar their IQ scores.

True

How many chunks of information can the average 5- to 6-year-old work on at the same time?

Two

What is the relationship between socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and IQ?

Within an ethnic group, there is still an effect of social class.

Which memory process lasts for up to 30 seconds without rehearsal?

Working

Grades in elementary school would be a measure of one's

achievement.

A teacher asks you to learn the new word "factotum" by using it in a sentence. This is an example of

an elaborative strategy.

Sternberg's three types of intelligence are creative, practical, and

analytical.

From the ages of 9 to 11, children come to realize that authority figures are not always right, that rules can be changed, and that some situations may require breaking the rules. According to Piaget, this stage of morality is called

autonomous morality. PreviousNext

In comparison to younger children, older children

can process more information more quickly.

Intelligence

cannot be seen, touched, or physically measured.

The research on children's eyewitness testimonies reveals that

children can be induced into "remembering" things that did not happen to them.

Recent research on long-term memory has found that when comparing children and adults,

children who are experts in an area show better memory ability than adults who are amateurs.

Karla is shown pictures of three daisies and four roses. She is asked whether there are more roses or flowers. She correctly answers, 'flowers." Being able to focus on classes and subclasses simultaneously is an example of

class inclusion.

Children develop problem-solving abilities relative to mass, weight, and volume at different ages. This finding suggests that

conservation does not appear in children's thinking all at once.

Eric is a biologically normal 5-year-old boy. However, he is not developing the language skills normal for his age. This type of intellectual disability is referred to as

cultural-familial.

The work of Piaget can help improve education for children by

demonstrating that group discussions are a useful teaching strategy in the classroom.

Gardner believes that

different intelligences are based in different parts of the brain.

The older twins and siblings become, the more ____ they are on measures of intelligence and personality. This supports the role of ____ in intelligence.

different; environment

Traditional IQ tests

do not determine how flexible one's thinking is.

Peter Salovey and John Mayer developed a theory of ____ intelligence.

emotional

Creative children share a number of qualities. For example, they

examine ideas that other people accept at face value.

Class inclusion is the ability to

focus on subclasses and a larger class at the same time.

If you believe that people who excel in one area have the capacity to excel in other areas, then you agree with Spearman's concept of

general intelligence or "g."

Gerald was valedictorian of his college class and is able to write complicated computer software. However, he has problems knowing what to say to people at parties. Gerald is likely

high in analytical intelligence, but low in practical intelligence.

Metamemory involves

insight into how one's memory works.

Allison's chronological age (CA) is 9. Her mental age (MA) is 14. This means that Allison's

intellectual functioning is ahead of her chronological age.

"IQ" stands for

intelligence quotient.

Creativity

involves generating novel solutions to problems.

In a research study by Jordan et al., (2009), children from lower income homes progressed more slowly in math than their more affluent peers. This was attributed to

lack of whole number skills.

Information in long-term memory

may be retained for a lifetime.

Knowing that some mental activities (memorizing the state capitals for a test tomorrow) can interfere with more immediate mental activities (writing down the message you just received for your mother) is called

metamemory.

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, postconventional reasoning is based upon

one's personal moral standards.

Given Thurstone's theory, he may well think Spearman's view of intelligence is

overly simplistic.

According to Piaget, learning involves children

participating in active discovery.

According to Gardner,

people who are intelligent in one area may be more intelligent or less intelligent in other areas.

If intelligence underlies competence then achievement involves

performance

The Wechsler scales have subtests which measure verbal tasks and

performance tasks.

Carl has survived on the street because he has been able to adapt to the demands of street life. Carl is probably high in ____ intelligence.

practical

Retrieval of information from memory without a cue is called

recall

Both Piaget and Kohlberg believed that children's moral reasoning undergoes the same cognitive developmental pattern around the world and

reflects the values of the social and cultural setting in which the child is raised.

Sibel is able to add 4 plus 2 and get 6. She can also subtract 2 from 6 and get 4. This characteristic of thinking is referred to as

reversibility

"Value-added" teaching, which raises students' standardized achievement test scores, also raises their lifetime income and lowers the

risk of teenage pregnancy.

The rule "i before e except after c" is an example of

semantic code.

Children who show autonomous morality not only consider social rules, but they also take into account

the motives of the wrongdoer.

Piaget felt that

the sequence of cognitive development was generally the same from child to child.

José understands that if A is heavier than B, and B is heavier than C, then A is also heavier than C. This demonstrates

transitivity.

The statement, "knowledge of more than one language contributes to the complexity of the child's cognitive processes" is

true, given recent research.

It appears from more recent research that Piaget

underestimated children's cognitive abilities.

Jimmy looks at his homework and decides he should do his math first because it takes him the longest. Jimmy is

using metacognition.

Critics of emotional and social intelligence question

whether these concepts add anything new to existing theories of intelligence.

Most children are in the stage of concrete operations from ages​

​7 - 12.

Spearman accounted for individual abilities by suggesting another type of intelligence he called

"s."

Which of the following correctly illustrates the formula for calculating IQ?

(MA/CA)´ 100

By the age of 6, a child's vocabulary has expanded to ____ words.

10,000

What is the average IQ score?

100

Overall, research studies suggest that the heritability of intelligence is between

40-60%.

How many chunks of information can a typical adult keep in short-term memory at one time?

7 plus or minus 2

An IQ score of ____ or below one criterion used to identify a case of intellectual disability.

70-75 PreviousNext

In terms of memory, what is a chunk?

A cluster of information

Which teaching technique would Piaget most likely endorse?

A hands-on, interactive approach

Why do we refer to the characteristics of children's thinking between the ages of 7 and 12 as "concrete?"

Because their thinking has to do with tangible objects, not abstract concepts