Practical Research

Qualitative research

Use subjectivity that enriches the analytical insights

Narrative inquiry

Useful way in gaining access to feelings

Quantitative research

Uses control (imposing condition so that biases are minimized and validity and precision are maximized)

Quantitative research

Uses deductive reasoning

Phenomenology

Writers developed diff connceptual formulations

Quota

Researcher is attempting to gather data from a certain number of participants that meet a certain demographic profile (age, sex, class, marital status etc)

research

Searching for a theory, for testing theory for problem-solving

Phenomenology

Seeks to understand the essence or strucure of a phenomenon from the perspective from those who experienced it

Ethnography

Sometimes researchers use it as synonymous with qualitative research in general, while at other times it's meaning is more specific.

Justice and Fairness

Study participants deserve fair and equitable treatment before, during and after the study period. The researcher should provide equal chances in the selection process, must comply with agreements in regard to procedures, techniques or benefits due to participants.

research

Systematic collection and interpretation of data to illuminate, describe or explain new facts and relationships (Treece, 2002)

Quantitative research

Takes place both in natural as well as in laboratory setting

Qualitative research

Takes place in the field

Phenomenological research

concerned with lived experiences of humans. It is an approach to thinking about what life experiences of people are like and what they mean.

Qualitative research

Associated with Naturalistic inquiry ( reality is not a fixed entity but rather a construction of individual participating in research)

Quantitative research

Associated with tradition (there is reality out there that can be studied and known)

Phenomenology

A 20th century school of philosophy rooted in philosophy and pycho which focuses on subjective experience

research

A systematic controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomenon (Kerlinger, 1973)

Exploratory Research

Begins with phenomenon of interest then investigates the full nature of the phenomenon, the manner in which it is manifested and the other factors to which it is related

Narratives

Consist of many diff stories rather than a clearly defined tale

Grounded theory

Data collected through nonstanderdised interviews and participant observation but also by access to other data source

Correlational research

Express the interrelationship among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher

Illness narratives

Expressions of illness suffering and pain

Applied Research

Focuses on factors which can be changed by intervention to achieve a desired goal

basic research

For discovery of general principles

Applied Research

For solving problems

basic research

Formulation or refinement of theory

Qualitative research

Gather information, insights that lead to search for further evidence (subjective)

Quantitative research

Gathers empirical evidence (from objective reality collected through senses)

Qualitative research

Gathers narrative description as its data

Quantitative research

Gathers numerical values as its data

Intellectual honesty and respect

Giving acknowledgment/recognition or due respect to the original/previous work of art.

Quasi-experimental research

conducted to determine the effects of treatment or independent variables on the dependent or outcome variables. It lacks the control of the design, sample or setting.

Ethnography

Immerse themselves in the culture or subculture they study and try to see the world from a cultural member's point of view. Data are collected during fieldwork.

Quantitative research

Investigates concepts, constructs and variables

Qualitative research

Investigates phenomena, and concepts

introduction

It is a brief statement of the origin of the problem.

introduction

It is an account describing the circumstances which suggested the research.

introduction

It may include a justification of the selection of the study. It gives brief origin of the problem.

research

It means a problem was identified and it needs solution or improvement

purposive sampling

Participants are selected based on the preselected criteria based on the research question

Snowball

Participants refer the researcher to others who may be able to potentially contribute or participate in the study

Explanatory Research

The goal is to understand the underpinnings of specific natural phenomena and to explains systematic relationships among phenomena

Informed Consent

The participants must be fully informed about the nature of research, its purposes and potential risk and benefits.

Respect for Human Dignity

The rights of the study participants must be well protected and respected.

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

This is a fundamental ethical principle in research, which means, "to do good" and "to do no harm" to study participants.

Snowball

This method often helps researchers find and recruit participants that may otherwise be hard to teach

Applied Research

To finding solutions for existing problems

Basic research

To finding solutions for existing problems

basic research

To widen the knowledge base

Descriptive research

accurate depiction of the characteristics of a person, situation or groups and or frequency with which certain phenomenon occurs.

Snowball

aka referral sampling

Grounded theory

an approach that generates and modifies a theory. Became a global phenomenon. An approach to collecting, and analyzing data.

Narratives

are tales of expirience or imagination and come naturally to humans

research

best learned by doing it, not copying it.

case study

in Depth examination and analysis of people or group of people in relation to nursing issues or problems that are important to the client and the researcher.

Narrative inquiry

include stories that reflect on experiences and its meaning for people

Experimental research

it examines the cause and effect relationship between independent and dependent variables under highly controlled conditions

table of contents

list of contents of the study

Historical research

narrative description or analysis of events that occurred in the remote or recent past.

field study

natural investigations done in the community, such as in nursing home, housing projects and clinical wards.

Quota

participant quotas are preset prior to sampling

Prediction and control

research anticipates possible psychological and physiological reaction to propose interventions

Description

research desrcribes phenomenon

Explanation

research seeks clarification of a prevailing situation to answer questions that ask "why" a phenomenon occured

Grounded theory research

seeks to describe and understand the key social psychological and structural processes that occur a social setting. A major component is the discovery of a core variable that is central in explaining what is going on in that social scene.

Ethnography

the direct description of a group, culture or community.

Ethnographical research

the primary research tradition within anthropology, which provides a framework for studying the meanings, patterns, and experiences of a defined cultural group in a holistic fashion.

research title

the title of the research (providing all variables in the study