Practical Research
Qualitative research
Use subjectivity that enriches the analytical insights
Narrative inquiry
Useful way in gaining access to feelings
Quantitative research
Uses control (imposing condition so that biases are minimized and validity and precision are maximized)
Quantitative research
Uses deductive reasoning
Phenomenology
Writers developed diff connceptual formulations
Quota
Researcher is attempting to gather data from a certain number of participants that meet a certain demographic profile (age, sex, class, marital status etc)
research
Searching for a theory, for testing theory for problem-solving
Phenomenology
Seeks to understand the essence or strucure of a phenomenon from the perspective from those who experienced it
Ethnography
Sometimes researchers use it as synonymous with qualitative research in general, while at other times it's meaning is more specific.
Justice and Fairness
Study participants deserve fair and equitable treatment before, during and after the study period. The researcher should provide equal chances in the selection process, must comply with agreements in regard to procedures, techniques or benefits due to participants.
research
Systematic collection and interpretation of data to illuminate, describe or explain new facts and relationships (Treece, 2002)
Quantitative research
Takes place both in natural as well as in laboratory setting
Qualitative research
Takes place in the field
Phenomenological research
concerned with lived experiences of humans. It is an approach to thinking about what life experiences of people are like and what they mean.
Qualitative research
Associated with Naturalistic inquiry ( reality is not a fixed entity but rather a construction of individual participating in research)
Quantitative research
Associated with tradition (there is reality out there that can be studied and known)
Phenomenology
A 20th century school of philosophy rooted in philosophy and pycho which focuses on subjective experience
research
A systematic controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomenon (Kerlinger, 1973)
Exploratory Research
Begins with phenomenon of interest then investigates the full nature of the phenomenon, the manner in which it is manifested and the other factors to which it is related
Narratives
Consist of many diff stories rather than a clearly defined tale
Grounded theory
Data collected through nonstanderdised interviews and participant observation but also by access to other data source
Correlational research
Express the interrelationship among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher
Illness narratives
Expressions of illness suffering and pain
Applied Research
Focuses on factors which can be changed by intervention to achieve a desired goal
basic research
For discovery of general principles
Applied Research
For solving problems
basic research
Formulation or refinement of theory
Qualitative research
Gather information, insights that lead to search for further evidence (subjective)
Quantitative research
Gathers empirical evidence (from objective reality collected through senses)
Qualitative research
Gathers narrative description as its data
Quantitative research
Gathers numerical values as its data
Intellectual honesty and respect
Giving acknowledgment/recognition or due respect to the original/previous work of art.
Quasi-experimental research
conducted to determine the effects of treatment or independent variables on the dependent or outcome variables. It lacks the control of the design, sample or setting.
Ethnography
Immerse themselves in the culture or subculture they study and try to see the world from a cultural member's point of view. Data are collected during fieldwork.
Quantitative research
Investigates concepts, constructs and variables
Qualitative research
Investigates phenomena, and concepts
introduction
It is a brief statement of the origin of the problem.
introduction
It is an account describing the circumstances which suggested the research.
introduction
It may include a justification of the selection of the study. It gives brief origin of the problem.
research
It means a problem was identified and it needs solution or improvement
purposive sampling
Participants are selected based on the preselected criteria based on the research question
Snowball
Participants refer the researcher to others who may be able to potentially contribute or participate in the study
Explanatory Research
The goal is to understand the underpinnings of specific natural phenomena and to explains systematic relationships among phenomena
Informed Consent
The participants must be fully informed about the nature of research, its purposes and potential risk and benefits.
Respect for Human Dignity
The rights of the study participants must be well protected and respected.
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
This is a fundamental ethical principle in research, which means, "to do good" and "to do no harm" to study participants.
Snowball
This method often helps researchers find and recruit participants that may otherwise be hard to teach
Applied Research
To finding solutions for existing problems
Basic research
To finding solutions for existing problems
basic research
To widen the knowledge base
Descriptive research
accurate depiction of the characteristics of a person, situation or groups and or frequency with which certain phenomenon occurs.
Snowball
aka referral sampling
Grounded theory
an approach that generates and modifies a theory. Became a global phenomenon. An approach to collecting, and analyzing data.
Narratives
are tales of expirience or imagination and come naturally to humans
research
best learned by doing it, not copying it.
case study
in Depth examination and analysis of people or group of people in relation to nursing issues or problems that are important to the client and the researcher.
Narrative inquiry
include stories that reflect on experiences and its meaning for people
Experimental research
it examines the cause and effect relationship between independent and dependent variables under highly controlled conditions
table of contents
list of contents of the study
Historical research
narrative description or analysis of events that occurred in the remote or recent past.
field study
natural investigations done in the community, such as in nursing home, housing projects and clinical wards.
Quota
participant quotas are preset prior to sampling
Prediction and control
research anticipates possible psychological and physiological reaction to propose interventions
Description
research desrcribes phenomenon
Explanation
research seeks clarification of a prevailing situation to answer questions that ask "why" a phenomenon occured
Grounded theory research
seeks to describe and understand the key social psychological and structural processes that occur a social setting. A major component is the discovery of a core variable that is central in explaining what is going on in that social scene.
Ethnography
the direct description of a group, culture or community.
Ethnographical research
the primary research tradition within anthropology, which provides a framework for studying the meanings, patterns, and experiences of a defined cultural group in a holistic fashion.
research title
the title of the research (providing all variables in the study