Practice Exam C
C116. Compared to voiced stops, word-initial voiceless stops in English are expected to have a: A. Shorter voice onset time (VOT). B. Longer VOT. C. More compact spectrum. D. More diffuse spectrum.
B. Longer VOT.
Which muscle contributes to hylolaryngeal depression? A. Stylohyoid B. Geniohyoid C. Mylohyoid D. Sternohyoid
D. Sternohyoid
C100. Cranial nerves can include motor functions, sensory functions, or a mix of both. Which of the following cranial nerves (CN) serve both motor and sensory functions? A. CN V, CN IX, CN X. B. CN V, CN XI, CN XII. C. CN III, CN IX, CN X. D. CN III, CN X, CN XII.
A. CN V, CN IX, CN X.
C67. Tongue position is related to F1 frequency in that, when the tongue is: A. Low in the mouth, F1 is low. B. Low in the mouth, F1 is high. C. At the front of the mouth, F1 is low. D. At the front of the mouth, F1 is high.
B. Low in the mouth, F1 is high.
C73. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is working with a patient and observes signs at a bedside examination of potential penetration or aspiration. In order to accurately diagnose the presence of penetration or aspiration, which of the following instrumental assessment measures should be consulted? A, Modified barium swallow/video fluoroscopic swallow study (MBS/VFSS). B. Esophageal manometry. C. Cervical auscultation. D. Ultrasound.
A, Modified barium swallow/video fluoroscopic swallow study (MBS/VFSS).
C69. A pharmaceutical company has approach a group of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in the school system regarding their new product "Speak Easy!" pills. The company claims that these pills are a cure for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and would like the SLPs to represent the products at the upcoming American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Convention. One of the SLPs is interested, as the SLP would like to earn extra money by representing the product. The SLP should first: A. Ask to see the research supporting the pill's effectiveness. B. Try the pills with clients with CAS. C. Approach his/her director for permission to be the representative. D. Accept the position as representative for this product.
A. Ask to see the research supporting the pill's effectiveness.
C104. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is asked to evaluate a newly admitted patient, who has suffered from a diagnosed left middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. Knowing that assessment of auditory comprehension in adults with acquired disorders is an important part of any comprehensive language evaluation, the SLP wants to get a detailed profile of the patient's auditory comprehension abilities. In order to develop results for an assessment of auditory comprehension, the SLP could use which of the following methods? A. Asking the person to respond to yes/no questions presented in pairs, such as "Is your name Alice?" followed later by "Is your name Amy? B. Asking the person to answer open-ended autobiographical questions about the person's name and address, such as "Where do you live?" C. Asking the person to follow commands that include naming objects, such as "Tell me what this is called." D. Asking the person to produce automatic spoken sequences, such as "Count from 1 to 10."
A. Asking the person to respond to yes/no questions presented in pairs, such as "Is your name Alice?" followed later by "Is your name Amy?"
C106. James is a high school student who has been referred to a speech-language pathologist (SLP) for assessment of language and executive functioning skills. During the initial interview, James tells the SLP that he has significant difficulties making friends and has not been able to hold down a job. Following the assessment, the SLP notes that James presents with significant impairments in recognizing safe and unsafe behaviors. Utilizing this information, James MOST LIKELY presents with which of the following difficulties? A. Cognitive disability. B. Autism spectrum disorder. C. Spina bifida. D. Cerebral palsy.
A. Cognitive disability.
C60. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in an acute care hospital is interested in starting a research project, but is unsure of what direction to take. A large pharmaceutical company that works with the hospital discusses their new pill that will treat the hypokinetic dysarthria aspects of Parkinson's disease with the SLP and reveal that it still needs to be tested. The company representatives offer the SLP 10% of total profit if they are able to prove through a controlled study that this pill is more effective than just treatment alone. What course of action should this SLP take? A. Deny participation in the research study, as this is a conflict of interest. B. Accept participation in the research study, as this could be beneficial to many people. C. Deny participation in the research study, but offer to recommend patients to the company. D. Reduce their earnings to 2% profit, to minimize any conflict of interest.
A. Deny participation in the research study, as this is a conflict of interest.
C75. A patient who is experiencing nonfluent aphasia MOST LIKELY has some degree of cortical damage in Broca's area. This brain region is in which lobe? A. Frontal. B. Temporal. C. Parietal. D. Occipital.
A. Frontal.
C58. A speech and language researcher has completed treatment tasks selected for a study and is preparing to administer a posttest to the study participants. However, this posttest is the same used as the pretest the study participants previously completed. As the study participants have already seen this test, the researcher needs to be aware of the potential threat to which of the following principles? A. Internal validity. B. External validity. C. Reliability. D. Practicing.
A. Internal validity.
C88. Jessica is a patient who was recently admitted to an acute rehabilitation hospital. Her physician has requested a referral for speech-language pathology, for reasons of "communicative difficulties." After the speech-language pathologist performs an evaluation, he determines that while Jessica is a candidate for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), she will likely require only temporary use of AAC. Which of the following conditions is Jessica MOST LIKELY experiencing? A. Intubation-induced vocal fold edema. B. Severe Broca's aphasia C. Total glossectomy. D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
A. Intubation-induced vocal fold edema.
During an intervention session, a child produces the utterance mommy go run. The child's speech-language pathologist uses an expansion approach to increase the complexity of the child's other. Which of the following statements could the SLP use in response to the child? A. Mommy's going to run B. Mommy's going to run to the house C. where is Mommy going D. say, "mommy is going to run"
A. Mommy's going to run
C112. Mrs. Lyons is a 55-year-old teacher in a large urban school district. She was recently forced to transfer to a different school because of reorganization. The new school has a history of conflict with parents and students, takes an extra hour of commute time for Mrs. Lyons, and she is sad about leaving her friends at the former school. While teaching, Mrs. Lyons notes that she is starting to stutter and she is frustrated and angry. When students laugh, she notes that it gets worse. When she comes for an evaluation, she responds immediately to cues provided by the speech-language pathologist (SLP) and her speech is fluent. Which of the following is MOST ACCURATE? A. Mrs. Jones probably is exhibiting psychogenic stuttering. B. Mrs. Jones is a developmental stutterer. C. The SLP should help advocate for Mrs. Jones to return to her old school. D. Mrs. Jones should be referred to a psychiatrist right away.
A. Mrs. Jones probably is exhibiting psychogenic stuttering.
C125. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) working in an outpatient speech and language clinic has been asked to evaluate a new client who was referred with a language disorder. However, when the SLP reads the client's intake forms, he notices that the child comes from a culturally diverse background. The SLP has never worked with someone from this cultural background and would like to take an alternative route in assessment. Which is the BEST method of assessment for this SLP to utilize? A. Processing-dependent assessment. B. Curriculum-based assessment. C. Diadochokinetic assessment. d. Standardized assessment.
A. Processing-dependent assessment.
An audiologist has recently completed an audiological evaluation of a patient. During the eval, the audiologist utilized instrumentation that allowed determination of the severity of the patient's hearing loss as well as the type of hearing loss the patient is experiencing. Which means of evaluation did the audiologist utilize in working with this patient? A. Pure-tone audiometry B. Tympanometry C. Acoustic reflex testing D. Speech audiometry
A. Pure-tone audiometry
C46. A typically developing fourth-grade girl reads grade-level single words accurately and promptly. Her spelling is appropriate for her grade level. When she reads aloud a passage from her English language arts textbook, her reading, while accurate, is extremely slow and halting. When the speech-language pathologist (SLP) asks this client questions that assess her understanding of what she has read, she formulates her responses clearly and accurately. The client's text-level reading difficulty suggests problems with: A. Reading fluency. B. Orthographic memory for letter patterns. C. Rules for orthographic-phonological association. D. Underlying vocabulary skills.
A. Reading fluency.
C109. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is working with a group of school-aged children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The SLP would like to set appropriate pragmatic goals for the children, while utilizing a social communication group approach. Which of the following pragmatic goals is of GREATEST BENEFIT for use with these children? A. Sharing interests with other group members. B. Generating polite requests and responses. C. Determining appropriate questions for other group members. D. Understanding other group members' feelings.
A. Sharing interests with other group members.
C54. Jonathon is a typically developing 4-year-old preschooler. Which of the following structures would MOST LIKELY be in his language repertoire? A. Suggesting intention, emerging mastery of copula to be, identifies the first sound in a word. B. Predominantly nouns, calling and requesting action intentions, ritual request gestures. C. Spurts in word learning, combining two to three words, deletion of possessive -s. D. Combining single words with pointing, 50 words in his expressive vocabulary, words composed of open syllables.
A. Suggesting intention, emerging mastery of copula to be, identifies the first sound in a word.
C38. A child is brought into a physician's (MDs) office for a comprehensive evaluation, with parental suspicions of autism spectrum disorder. Following the evaluation, the child is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, with level 1 severity in repetitive behaviors. Which of the following BEST describes the behaviors exhibited by this child? A. The child demonstrates difficulty switching between tasks. B. The child becomes distressed when changing focus or activity. C. The child's behaviors markedly interfere with functioning. D. The child's inflexible behavior is obvious to observers.
A. The child demonstrates difficulty switching between tasks.
C62. A 3-year-old child is brought to a speech and language clinic and is suspected of having a language disorder. Upon initial interview, the child's parents reveal that the child first learned to speak English, and they have now begun to teach the child Spanish. Following the evaluation, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) determines that the child demonstrates age-appropriate linguistic skill with English, but presents with significant difficulty with Spanish. Which of the following BEST describes this child? A. The child does not present with a language disorder. B. The child presents with a language disorder for Spanish only. C. The child presents with a language disorder for both languages. D. The child presents with a language delay for Spanish only.
A. The child does not present with a language disorder.
C108. A person in the community with hearing loss refers to herself as being culturally deaf and uses American Sign Language (ASL) as the primary means of communication. Which of the following statements BEST describes this person? A. The person is capital D Deaf. B. The person is audiometrically deaf. C. The person is hard of hearing. D. The person is hearing impaired.
A. The person is capital D Deaf.
C102. A patient has arrived at an acute rehabilitation hospital having been made "non per os" (NPO) at the acute care setting. Following the patient's bedside examination, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) decides to continue keeping the patient NPO. Which of the following is the MOST APPROPRIATE treatment approach for the SLP to engage in? A. Therapeutic trials of ice chips. B, Aggressive oral hygiene. C. Therapeutic trials of honey-thick liquids. D. Administration of parenteral nutrition.
A. Therapeutic trials of ice chips.
C114. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in private practice is receiving a new client in the clinic for treatment of a speech sound disorder. Upon reading the child's intake forms, the SLP notes that the child has previously been diagnosed with pronounced micrognathia, glossoptosis and hearing loss. Given these specific characteristics, this child MOST LIKELY demonstrates which disorder? A. Treacher Collins syndrome. B. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. C. Van der Woude syndrome. D. Opitz G syndrome.
A. Treacher Collins syndrome.
C111. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) at an acute rehabilitation hospital has completed an evaluation on a recently admitted patient who had sustained a stroke a week earlier. According to the SLP's findings, this patient is exhibiting symptoms associated with deep dyslexia. This patient would display which of the following symptoms? A. Verbal production of semantically related words in oral reading (e.g., reading aloud the word vehicle as "car") and inability to read nonwords. B. Production of phonologically relayed words in oral reading (e.g., reading aloud the word carpet as "carpenter"). C. Inability to read words presented visually, with intact ability to read through other modalities such as traced letters on the skin. D. Severe agraphia and difficulty reading any written material.
A. Verbal production of semantically related words in oral reading (e.g., reading aloud the word vehicle as "car") and inability to read nonwords.
C105. A patient arrives at the hospital, with complaints of sudden onset of voice loss. During the intake interview, the patient utilizes writing to convey to the speech-language pathologist (SLP) that she was cheering at her son's high school football game when suddenly she was not able to phonate above a whisper. Which diagnosis is the MOST LIKELY presenting problem? A. Vocal fold hemorrhage. B. Laryngitis. C. Vocal fold ectasia. D. Vocal fold bowing.
A. Vocal fold hemorrhage.
The telencephalon is the area of the brain that includes the cerebral hemispheres and receives its blood supply from a variety of different arteries. The artery that supplies most of the medial surface is of the telecephalon is the A. anterior cerebral artery B. middle cerebral artery C. posterior cerebral artery D. anterior spinal artery
A. anterior cerebral artery
A child has been diagnosed with a cognitive disability with expected Associated language difficulties. Using this information, what should we targeted in this child intervention sessions? A. complex sentence structure and increasing relative clauses B. pragmatic communication and increasing vocabulary C. phonological memory and increasing attention span D. simple sentence structure and increasing sight word recognition
A. complex sentence structure and increasing relative clauses
Zach's parent speaks to him with exaggerated speech, short utterances & heightened inflections. They are showing A. motherese B. bootstrapping C. word-learning biases D. frequent exposure to TV
A. motherese
An SLP in an outpatient clinic recently has been given a new patient to his or her case load. The patient's medical records reveal that this patient is experiencing aphasia with limb apraxia. Which treatment scenario will be most helpful for this patient? A. the SLP will work on non verbal communication using Amerind B. The SLP will focus on reducing paraphasias and improving word finding C. the focus on the treatment program is to improve agrammatism D. the person being treated as mix non-polluting Aphasia and the treatment plan will include a trial of voluntary control of involuntary utterances
A. the SLP will work on non verbal communication using Amerind
C31. A child with speech sound problems has recently been diagnosed with a speech sound disorder, characterized by difficulty producing interdental and alveolar fricatives. Which of the following speech sounds would this child demonstrate difficulty producing? A. /f/ and /h/. B. /ð/ and /s/. C. /z/ and /t?/. D. /?/ and /b/.
B. /ð/ and /s/.
C32. If pitch contour for a vowel shows a frequency of 150 hertz (Hz) at the midpoint, the frequency of the fifth harmonic at the same location will be: A. 500 Hz. B. 750 Hz. C. 1000 Hz. D. 1250 Hz.
B. 750 Hz.
C66. Richard is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in a preschool setting. Currently, he is working with a child who has specific deficits in morphological developments. Richard wants to establish that morphemes he has targeted in this child's intervention sessions are being used consistently. What level of use is appropriate for establishing acquisition of morphological structures? A. 85% of use in obligatory contexts. B. 90% of use in obligatory contexts. C. 95% of use in obligatory contexts. D. 100% of use in obligatory contexts.
B. 90% of use in obligatory contexts.
C117. Following a motor vehicle accident, an individual is experiencing complete paralysis of the upper and lower extremities. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan reveals damage to the lateral corticospinal tract in the spinal column. The lateral corticospinal tract is: A. An ascending pathway that conveys motor signals that control movement of the arms and legs. B. A descending pathway that conveys motor signals that control movement of the arms and legs. C. An ascending pathway that conveys motor signals that control movement of all trunk musculature. D. A descending pathway that conveys motor signals that control movement of all trunk musculature.
B. A descending pathway that conveys motor signals that control movement of the arms and legs.
C55. After taking a patient's measurements, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) has discovered that the patient exhibits increased jitter and shimmer, most likely from bilateral vocal fold nodules. However the patient's glottal pressure and airflow volumes are considered within the typical range. This patient is exhibiting deficits in which aspects of voice assessment? A. Resonatory. B. Acoustic. C. Aerodynamic. D. Perceptual.
B. Acoustic.
C40. Sean is an elderly gentleman with severe flaccid dysarthria and right hemiparesis caused by a large left hemispheric infarction. Prior to sustaining his stroke, Sean was declared legally blind, secondary to macular degeneration. Sean has been experiencing difficulty with verbal expression and has made few gains in treatment. His speech-language pathologist (SLP) has decided to implement an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) approach to treatment in order to increase Sean's communicative effectiveness. Which intervention would be of the MOST benefit? A. Augmentative device utilizing line drawings. B. Augmentative device with auditory scanning. C. Alphabet board supplementation. D. Augmentative device utilizing eye gaze system.
B. Augmentative device with auditory scanning.
C36. A 34-year-old male has been referred to an outpatient voice center with a presenting problem of excessively high pitch. After complete evaluation, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) is unable to find any structural or physiological deficits in this patient's voice mechanism, and the patient is diagnosed with puberphonia. Which of the following are appropriate treatment methods to use with this patient in order to establish a more appropriate voice? A. Vocal function exercises and resonant voice therapy. B. Circumlaryngeal massage and hard glottal attacks. C. Pitch glides and psychological referral. D. Straw phonation and tongue trills.
B. Circumlaryngeal massage and hard glottal attacks.
C128. There are several parts of a neuron that are important in the transmission of neural signals throughout the body. Which of the following components is MOST IMPORTANT for receiving signals from other neurons? A. Soma. B. Dendrite. C. Axon. D. Phospholipid bilayer.
B. Dendrite.
C96. After a speech and language evaluation, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) has diagnosed a 3-year-old client with an articulation disorder, characterized by difficulty producing the phonemes /l/, /r/, and /?/. However, due to the client's young age, the SLP decides that this is an age-appropriate finding, as the child hasn't learned many sounds that "come before" the problem sounds. Which theory of development is this SLP MOST LIKELY using in their practice? A. Natural phonology theory. B. Distinctive features theory. C. Behavioral theory. D. Interactionist-discovery theory.
B. Distinctive features theory.
C51. An audiologist has been consulted by the local school system in order to make the classrooms more acoustically appropriate for students who are hard of hearing. Which of the following accommodations could the audiologist recommend to augment the classroom? A. High ceilings. B. Floor carpeting. C. Remove window shades. D. Reverberating ceiling tiles.
B. Floor carpeting.
C70. Following a complete otolaryngology (ENT) and speech-language pathology (SLP) evaluation after complaints of hypernasal speech, a child is diagnosed with a complete cleft of the primary palate. Which of the following structures would most likely NOT be affected by this type of cleft? A. Lip. B. Hard palate. C. Alveolar ridge. D. Nasal sill.
B. Hard palate.
C64. A patient has just been admitted to an acute care hospital after having a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The initial symptoms appear to be left-sided pharyngeal weakness and reduced vocal fold closure. The SLP is consulted to perform an evaluation on the patient, and in order to maximize the limited time spent with the patient, which of the following compensatory maneuvers should be used during the modified barium swallow (MBS), based on the patient's symptoms? A. Chin-tuck maneuver. B. Head rotation toward the left. C. Head tilt toward the left. D. Head back.
B. Head rotation toward the left.
While performing an MBS study, the speech pathologist discovers that the patient is experiencing premature spillage Into the pharyngeal where the bolus sits for many seconds before being swallowed. Which part is this patient having difficulty with A. Hyolaryngeal elevation B. Initiation of the swallow C. Anterior-posterior movement D. Bolus formation
B. Initiation of the swallow
C95. Katie is a 4-year-old girl. Her parents are concerned about her speech because she increasingly is hesitant to respond in preschool. She has shown disfluencies for the past year or so, although they never seemed to interfere with communication. Now, though, she seems to be holding her breath and closing her eyes when she has a moment of stuttering. Some of these blocks last more than 10 seconds. Her older sisters have begun to tease Katie. Which of the following statements is MOST ACCURATE? A. Katie and her parents should see a psychologist to help them cope with this problem. B. Katie's secondary behaviors indicate that she is trying to control her stuttering. C. Katie would definitely benefit from a more direct approach to treatment. D. Because she is a girl, her risk for chronic stuttering is less. Therefore she doesn't need to be seen for treatment. Watch and wait is best.
B. Katie's secondary behaviors indicate that she is trying to control her stuttering.
C120. To facilitate performance in the speech of a 4-year-old with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), the clinician instructs the child to produce a word produced incorrectly a second time. Before the clinician had the child repeat the word again, specific feedback was provided regarding how to produce the movement more successfully. What type of feedback was provided? A. Blocked practice. B. Knowledge of performance. C. Variable practice. D. Knowledge of results.
B. Knowledge of performance.
C84. A 24-month-old male child has been brought into an outpatient speech and language clinic for a comprehensive evaluation. According to the parents, the child has recently begun demonstrating "strange" behaviors, and the parents believe the child may have autism spectrum disorder. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY a warning sign these parents witnessed? A. Unusual prosody in speech. B. Lack of pointing to share interest. C. Repetitive movement with objects. D. Lack of response to his name.
B. Lack of pointing to share interest.
Sydney is a speech pathologist working in a local public school. She has been asked to evaluate a child to better understand her current level of linguistic functioning. Sydney decides to use a curriculum-based assessment to evaluate this child's linguistic competency. Which of the following statements best describes the design of this type of assessment? A. Measures linguistic skill with modifications were support put in place B. Measures linguistic skill in order to select targets to improve daily living C. Measures The impact of a linguistic disorder on daily living D. Measures linguistic skill with no comparison to other students
B. Measures linguistic skill in order to select targets to improve daily living
C99. The speech-language pathologist (SLP) is examining a spectrogram and waveform for the initial sounds in a child's production of the word spaghetti. The waveform begins with a silence followed by a transient noise. In the spectrogram, the transient noise is followed by formants, then by high-amplitude, high-frequency continuant noise. When listening to the word, the SLP expects to hear that the child: A. Produced the initial part of the word normally. B. Metathesized /s/ and /p/. C. Produced /s/ as /f/. D. Produced /p/ as /m/.
B. Metathesized /s/ and /p/.
C124. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has finished analyzing the data collected during his research study and has found that the p value is 0.04. Due to this level of statistical significance, the SLP may decide to reject which of the following? A. Hypothesis. B. Null hypothesis. C. Means of analysis. D. Conclusion
B. Null hypothesis.
C97. A patient arrives at an audiology clinic with complaints of difficulty hearing. The audiologist wishes to use a means of audiologic evaluation that allows a systematic visual inspection of the outer ear, surrounding tissue, external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane, in order to rule out problems with this portion of the hearing mechanism. Which means of evaluation should this audiologist utilize? A. Hearing screening. B. Otoscopy. C. Tympanometry. D. Pure-tone audiometry.
B. Otoscopy.
An SLP at an acute rehabilitation hospital is scheduled to evaluate a newly admitted patient with a diagnosis of flaccid dysarthria. Following a comprehensive speech evaluation, the SLP notes that the patient demonstrates significant hypernasality secondary to poor velum mobility and makes recommendations for prosthodontist consult. Which of the following precedent devices would be most appropriate for use with this patient A. Speech bulb B. Palatal lift C. Palatal obturator D. Palatal expander
B. Palatal lift
C63. A speech and language researcher is designing a research study to determine the effects of time spent in intervention, dosage of intervention and type of feedback on the amount of progress made in children with phonological disorders. Which of the following methods should this research utilize in the study? A. Nonparametric experiment. B. Parametric experiment. C. Within-subjects experiment. D. Between-subjects experiment.
B. Parametric experiment.
C121. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is tutoring a teenager who is writing a report for her science class. The student's difficulties with setting her goals and organizing an approach to her writing are consistent with deficits in which component area of writing? A. Translating. B. Planning. C. Reviewing. D. Spelling.
B. Planning.
An elderly man arrives at an audiology clinic with complaints of HL. After a complete evaluation, the audiologist diagnoses the patient with a symmetric mild to moderate SNHL. Which of the following conditions is affecting this patient? A. Otosclerosis B. Presbycusis C. Ototoxicity D. Otitis media
B. Presbycusis
C82. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) working in a preschool setting has been working with several children with autism spectrum disorder. This SLP believes the children would individually benefit from a social stories approach to intervention. The SLP develops individual stories for each child and is proceeding to implement the stories during intervention sessions. What is the next step that should be taken by this SLP? A. Read the stories only during the first intervention session to model an appropriate social response. B. Read the stories repetitively during intervention sessions, to establish a social response. C. Read the stories when the child demonstrates pragmatic difficulty to model an appropriate social response. D. Send the stories home with the children, to allow their parents to model appropriate social responses.
B. Read the stories repetitively during intervention sessions, to establish a social response.
C42. Barbara is a young child with a severe cognitive deficit. Barbara's speech-language pathologist (SLP) is beginning to formulate a treatment plan for intervention and would like to focus on the MOST functional treatment targets during intervention. What should be targeted during Barbara's intervention sessions? A. Complex sentence structure. B. Recreational vocabulary. C. Phonological memory. D. Joint attention skills.
B. Recreational vocabulary.
C80. Shannon and Stephanie are two speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work in an outpatient speech and language clinic and are very close friends. Recently, Stephanie overheard Shannon discussing a client with another client's wife and is very distressed by what has happened. However, she is unsure how to handle the situation with her friend. What is the BEST way for Stephanie to handle the situation with Shannon? A. Give Shannon one more chance. B. Report Shannon to the Board of Ethics. C. Report Shannon to the client being discussed. D. Discuss the incident directly with Shannon.
B. Report Shannon to the Board of Ethics.
C57. Jake is a typically developing 13-month-old toddler, and is demonstrating several common forms of communicative intention for his age group. Which type of communicative intention would Jake MOST LIKELY NOT demonstrate? A. Requesting action. B. Requesting permission. C. Repeating. D. Practicing.
B. Requesting permission.
C115. An elderly patient with primary progressive aphasia and his wife have been working with a speech-language pathologist in order to implement an appropriate augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system to facilitate the patient's communication. However, the patient's wife does not understand AAC and has not been able to adequately perform partner-assisted scanning, despite large amounts of training. What type of barrier is this patient facing? A. Access barrier. B. Skill barrier. C. Knowledge barrier. D. Attitude barrier.
B. Skill barrier.
C92. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is working with a patient with myasthenia gravis (MG) for the patient's presenting dysphagia. Knowing the symptoms of myasthenia gravis, what would be the MOST LIKELY effective method of intervention? A. A diet consisting of purees and thickened liquids. B. Smaller meals eaten more frequently throughout the day. C. Sensory stimulation (i.e., cold and sour bolus). D. VitalStim therapy.
B. Smaller meals eaten more frequently throughout the day.
C53. A clinician in private practice is looking to purchase speech and language evaluations. She is interested in tests that will correctly rule out children who do not have speech and language disorders. This clinician should look up information in the evaluation manuals regarding test: A. Sample size. B. Specificity. C. Evidence. D. Sensitivity.
B. Specificity.
C81. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in an outpatient aphasia clinic has decided to use constraint-induced language therapy (CILT) in a group session format. Why would this choice of treatment method, in theory, lead to improvements in a PWA's (person with aphasia's) language? A. The PWA is not allowed to use his/her "good," unimpaired limb when making a gestural response to describe pictures, thus forcing the person to learn gestures with the impaired limb. B. The PWA is not allowed to use nonverbal means of communication, such as drawing, gesturing, or augmentative communication devices, when performing language tasks, thus forcing the person to use spoken language output. C. The PWA is not allowed to use augmentative communication devices, but is allowed to use other nonverbal means of expression when performing language tasks, thus increasing the likelihood his/her message will be understood. D. The PWA is not allowed to respond immediately, but is constrained to respond after delays of increasing length, starting with a 5-second delay, thus increasing the likelihood of the ability to respond appropriately at various times during conversation.
B. The PWA is not allowed to use nonverbal means of communication, such as drawing, gesturing, or augmentative communication devices, when performing language tasks, thus forcing the person to use spoken language output.
C129. Following a comprehensive speech sound evaluation, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) is beginning to select specific sound error patterns to target in intervention with a pediatric client aged 3;4 years. The SLP understands that there are multiple factors to consider when choosing treatment targets. Which of the following selections is appropriate to utilize when selecting treatment targets for this client? A. The child has difficulty producing a speech sound that typically develops at age 6;0 years, so this sound should not be targeted as it is not age appropriate. B. The child is not stimulable for a specific speech sound that is in error, so this speech sound should be targeted as it would likely not improve independently. C. The child demonstrates "later occurring" phonological errors, so this child does not need to participate in speech therapy at this time. D> The child is stimulable for specific speech sounds in error, so these speech sounds should be targeted as the child would likely not improve independently.
B. The child is not stimulable for a specific speech sound that is in error, so this speech sound should be targeted as it would likely not improve independently.
C132. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in neural signals involved in motor movement. Lack of dopamine in the substantia nigra has been associated with disease processes such as Parkinson's disease. What BEST describes the role of dopamine on basal ganglia circuits? A. Dopamine is excitatory to the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia. B. The net result of dopamine release to direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia is a facilitation of movement. C. The net result of dopamine release to the direct pathway facilitates movement while release to the indirect pathway inhibits movement. D. Dopamine is inhibitory to the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia.
B. The net result of dopamine release to direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia is a facilitation of movement.
C48. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in an acute care hospital has been preparing a patient to undergo a total laryngectomy following diagnosis of malignant laryngeal cancer. After being educated regarding the various forms of alaryngeal communication, the patient decides that he/she would like to utilize a form of communication that allows the most natural vocal quality that also restores spoken communication as quickly as possible. Which of the following treatment options would be the BEST to introduce to this patient, keeping in mind the patient's particular communicative wishes? A. Electrolarynx with neck placement. B. Tracheoesophageal speech. C. Esophageal speech. D. Intraoral electrolarynx.
B. Tracheoesophageal speech.
A child is referred to an SLP in order to receive speech therapy for problems associated with velopharyngeal insufficiency. And the referral notes, the SLP notices that this child demonstrates several common speech characteristics associated with VPI. Which of this child's speech characteristics would be most responsive to speech therapy? A. Hypernasality B. compensatory productions C. Obligatory errors D. Nasal emissions
B. compensatory productions
Inspiration during quiet breathing involves contraction of the diaphragm which... A. increase is the volume of the thoracic cavity and causes pressure in the lungs to increase B. increase the volume of the thoracic cavity and causes pressure in the lungs to decrease C. decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and causes pressure in the lungs to increase D. decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and cause pressure in the lungs to decrease
B. increase the volume of the thoracic cavity and causes pressure in the lungs to decrease
A patient recently admitted to an acute rehab hospital is presenting with horse vocal quality following spinal surgery. After a SLP consult, the patient reports he believes his vocal quality has changed since the surgery and that it is beginning to affect his self-perception. Following comprehensive voice assessment, the SLP notes that the patient is presenting with mild vocal fold edema, most likely caused by intubation during surgery. Which of the following approaches is the most appropriate for the SLP to take with this patient? A. Introduce a vocal function exercise regimen B. introduce vocal hygiene principles C. introduce Lee Silverman voice treatment D. introduce augmentative communication
B. introduce vocal hygiene principles
C122. Contraction of the tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini will NOT occur during the production of which of the following sounds? A. /f/. B. /s/. C. /m/. D. /t/.
C. /m/.
C86. A person with acute onset of aphasia whose first language is Spanish and who knows only a few words of English has been assigned to the caseload of a monolingual English-speaking speech-language pathologist (SLP) in a large urban medical center. The SLP should: A. Proceed as usual with the evaluation and use English-language tests and any Spanish-language tests available in the department. B.Conduct an informal evaluation with the help of a multilingual friend or family member present who can translate what the SLP says and what the patient says. C. Arrange to have a professional interpreter to be present during the evaluation and use the English-language tests he/she usually uses with the interpreter translating the items. D. Explain to the patient and family that she or he must delay the evaluation until arrangements can be made to have another SLP who speaks Spanish conduct the evaluation.
C. Arrange to have a professional interpreter to be present during the evaluation and use the English-language tests he/she usually uses with the interpreter translating the items.
C127. Jennifer is a middle-school student who was diagnosed with Fragile-X syndrome at birth and presents with language difficulties typically associated with Fragile-X syndrome. Which of the following treatment areas would be of GREATEST BENEFIT for the SLP to target in working with Jennifer? A. Executive functions and semantic skills. B. Semantic skills and syntactic skills. C. Auditory skills and pragmatic skills. D. Pragmatic skills and reading skills.
C. Auditory skills and pragmatic skills.
C94. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in private practice was recently reported for violating the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Code of Ethics. ASHA has provided a sanction in which the SLP was officially rebuked, which was published to the membership of ASHA. Which sanction was leveled against this SLP? A. Reprimand. B. Revocation. C. Censure. D. Withholding.
C. Censure.
C34. Amy is a paraprofessional who has been working with a young child with autism spectrum disorder. Recently, Amy has found that the child's language skills have been lagging behind those of his peers. Amy has contacted the school's speech-language pathologist (SLP) in order to procure expert advice on what she can do to aid the child's linguistic development in the classroom. What role has the SLP taken in an endeavor to help Amy? A. Instructor. B. Interventionist. C. Consultant. D. Collaborator.
C. Consultant.
C47. A 5-year-old client is brought by his parents to the local speech-language pathologist clinic for a full speech and language evaluation. After completion of the evaluation, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) reviews the results and notices that the child produces the words /bo/ (boat), /f??/ (fi sh), /k?/ (cup), /s?n/ (sun) and /d?/ (dog). Which of the following best describes this child's speech pattern? A. Affrication of medial fricatives. B. Fronting of initial fricatives. C. Final consonant deletion of stops. D. Initial consonant deletion of nasals.
C. Final consonant deletion of stops.
C45. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) at a skilled nursing facility has been asked by a nurse to perform a swallowing evaluation on an elderly patient with whom they have been working. The SLP knows that there are multiple, typical changes to the swallow as one ages, but which of the following would still be considered an ABNORMAL result from the examination? A. Increased duration of the swallow. B. Reduction in smell and taste. C. Increased presence of aspiration. D. Lower salivary flow.
C. Increased presence of aspiration.
The frequency of a periodic sound is increased by 100 Hertz. What effect would this change in frequency have on the wavelength of sound? A. There would be no change in wavelength B. there would be an increase in wavelength C. there would be a decrease in wavelength D. there would be a dampening of the sound
C. There would be a decrease in wavelength
C72. A patient is in the later stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which of the following treatment approaches is most appropriate for an individual at this stage of the disease? A. Enhancing the sensory capacities of the bolus. B. Using postural adjustments. C. Introduction of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube. D. Oral range of motion exercises.
C. Introduction of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube.
C77. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in an outpatient clinic had a child referred to them by an otolaryngologist (ENT). In the client's notes, the physician states that the client demonstrates problems that are not able to be corrected medically or surgically and that speech therapy is indicated for this child. Given this information, which deficit is this child MOST LIKELY demonstrating? A. Cul de sac resonance. B. Nasal emission. C. Pharyngeal fricative. D. Hypernasality.
C. Pharyngeal fricative.
C68. A school-aged, pediatric patient with cerebral palsy has been brought to an outpatient augmentative communication clinic by their parents, in order to participate in a comprehensive augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluation. According to the child's parents, the patient had been working with a Go Pro AAC system at school, but now that the school is on summer vacation, the school has mandated that the device be returned. The parents are now hoping to receive a device for use at home, in order to promote their child's communication. Which barrier to communication is this patient experiencing? A. Policy barrier. B. Skill barrier. C. Practice barrier. D. Access barrier.
C. Practice barrier.
C89. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been working with a patient who has flaccid dysarthria. After many weeks of therapy, the SLP has decided to refer the patient for a palatal lift fitting. Adequate fitting of a palatal lift should result in which of the following outcomes for this patient? A. Occlusion of the nares during tidal breathing. B. Improvements in phonation for sustained vowels. C. Production of perceptually distinct nasal consonants. D. Increase in nasal emissions during running speech.
C. Production of perceptually distinct nasal consonants.
C90. Megan is a young child who demonstrates behaviors consistent with the triad of deficits seen in autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, Megan demonstrates severely restricted, repetitive behaviors. Which of the following is a behavior MOST LIKELY demonstrated by this child? A. Exaggerated gestures that accompany speech, to the point of interrupting communicative attempts from her parents. B. Aversion of eye contact with parents and siblings to a degree that prohibits communication. C. Prolonged sustained attention on a stuffed toy tiger, to the point of blocking out all communicative attempts from her parents. D. Verbal perseveration of a favorite phrase, with very little other spontaneous verbal output.
C. Prolonged sustained attention on a stuffed toy tiger, to the point of blocking out all communicative attempts from her parents.
C61. A clinician notices the speaker fails to take a breath to replenish his air supply, talking into his reserve volume. The speaker exhibits loudness decay when this occurs and breath group lengths are a little longer than ageand gender-matched controls. Therapy should focus on: A. A thorough assessment of respiratory shape. B. Improving coordination of the respiratory and phonatory system. C. Reducing maladaptive respiratory behaviors. D. Adopting the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment.
C. Reducing maladaptive respiratory behaviors.
C44. Caitlin is a typically developing 2-year-old girl. Which of the following semantic structures would she MOST LIKELY demonstrate? A. Declarative sentences and contracted forms. B. Gestures and phonological process suppression. C. Relational terms and interrogative terms. D. Derivational affixes and bound morphemes.
C. Relational terms and interrogative terms.
C101. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are required to gain knowledge of the nature of communication disorders, differences and swallowing disorders in the "big 9" areas of practice. Which of the following is not one of the big 9? A. Voice and resonance. B. Communication modalities. C. Research and research methods. D. Hearing.
C. Research and research methods.
C93. Adam is a child enrolled in a local preschool who has a language disorder. Adam's speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been targeting appropriate use of present progressive tense. During their sessions together, Adam has maintained 100% accuracy for trained targets, but has recently produced an appropriate form for an untrained target. Which form of generalization is Adam demonstrating with this type of production? A. Stimulus generalization. B. Production generalization. C. Response generalization. D. Treatment generalization.
C. Response generalization.
An infant is being raised in a home with English speaking parents, one of whom also speaks German. The parents have decided they would like to expose their child to both English & german language while the child grows up. Which of the following BEST describes this scenario? A. Successive bilingualism B. Simultaneous biculturalism C. Simultaneous bilingualism D. Generative Biculturalism
C. Simultaneous bilingualism
Which teaching strategies are most consistent with the so-called top-down approach to reading instruction? A. teaching of grapheme-phoneme skills B. instruction in decoding & spelling words containing the 6 syllable types C. Teaching children how to use context to infer the pronunciation of words that they cannot decode D. Teaching children how to recognize and produce high-frequency roots and affixes
C. Teaching children how to use context to infer the pronunciation of words that they cannot decode
C33. Following a very successful intervention session, in which Annie produced 95% of targeted utterances correctly, her speech-language pathologist (SLP) implements a subsequent motivational event. Which therapy component BEST describes this situation? A. The SLP delivers feedback to Annie regarding her productions. B. The SLP models appropriate productions for Annie. C. The SLP presents Annie with a sticker for appropriate productions. D. The SLP allows Annie to play with a board game before therapy.
C. The SLP presents Annie with a sticker for appropriate productions.
C130. Erica is a young child who demonstrates pragmatic difficulties. Specifically, Erica has difficulties with presupposition skills, which her speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been targeting in order to improve Erica's conversational abilities. Which of the following would be the MOST APPROPRIATE goal for Erica's intervention? A. The child will utilize gestures in conversation to reinforce engaging topics of conversation. B. The child will understand that communication partners have perspectives and feelings different from her own. C. The child will modify communicative attempts based on the needs of her communication partner. D. The child will understand that communicative partners engage in conversation with certain expectation for communication.
C. The child will modify communicative attempts based on the needs of her communication partner.
C126. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in private practice has been assigned to evaluate a new patient, who has recently moved into the area. After reading the patient's intake file, the SLP realizes that the patient has been utilizing an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device for communicative purposes for the last few years. The description of the patient's AAC device is as follows "a functional computer that utilizes communicative software. The patient is also able to utilize the Internet on their device and has few gaming apps for personal enjoyment." Which statement BEST describes this patient's AAC device? A. The patient is utilizing a mid-tech, nondedicated AAC device. B. The patient is utilizing a no-tech, dedicated AAC device. C. The patient is utilizing a high-tech, nondedicated AAC device. D. The patient is utilizing a low-tech, dedicated AAC device.
C. The patient is utilizing a high-tech, nondedicated AAC device.
C43. What would the speech-language pathologist (SLP) expect to observe if comparing amplitude spectra for a sinusoid and a periodic complex sound? A. The sinusoid has evenly spaced lines, while the periodic complex sound has irregularly spaced lines. B. The sinusoid has irregularly spaced lines, while the periodic complex sound has evenly spaced lines. C. The sinusoid has only one line, while the complex periodic sound has more than one line. D. The sinusoid has lines that are all the same amplitude, while the complex periodic sound has lines of different amplitudes.
C. The sinusoid has only one line, while the complex periodic sound has more than one line.
A SLP is completing a study to prove that two different treatment approaches provide differing amounts of progress and persons with Aphasia. She would like to utilize a strict statistical test in order to prove significance between the amount of progress. Which of the following would be the best method for this SLP to utilize in the data analysis? A. one-tailed test B. Meta-analysis C. Two-tailed test D. Cochran Q Test
C. Two-tailed test
C71. In working with a client with a diagnosis of apraxia of speech, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) acquires the following percentage of correct scores for spontaneous (without cueing) productions for one-, two- and three-syllable words targeting a specific transition involving the /s/: 98%, 68% and 15%. Using integral stimulation, the percentage correct for the same stimuli was 100%, 84% and 42%. Treatment should begin: A. With three-syllable words in the absence of any cueing, followed by the addition of tactile, visual and auditory cueing. B. With one-syllable words in the absence of any cueing, followed by two-syllable words without cueing. C. With two-syllable words in the presence of integral stimulation while gradually decreasing cueing. D. With two-syllable words in the presence of integral stimulation.
C. With two-syllable words in the presence of integral stimulation while gradually decreasing cueing.
Pediatricians, PK teachers & parents often wonder if a child who is showing disfluencies should be evaluated & when. The usual rule of thumb about SLP assessment for stuttering is the earlier the better. Evaluation should not be delayed if the A. child is totally unaware of his disfluencies B. parent reports that someone in the family stuttered C. child is evidencing secondary behaviors of stuttering D. child is ready to begin PK
C. child is evidencing secondary behaviors of stuttering
Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain that are important in sending neural signals between adjacent neurons. The best description of neurotransmitter release is that A. excites neighboring cells B. excites neighboring cells only if it burns with receptor and causes a channel opening C. excites word inhibits neighboring cells if it binds with a receptor and causes a channel opening D. inhibits neighboring cells
C. excites word inhibits neighboring cells if it binds with a receptor and causes a channel opening
When planning TX for individuals with CAS, a clinician needs to be cognizant of deficits beyond speech sound production. Other frequency occurring deficit areas include A. fluency, feeding/swallowing & literacy B. hearing, metalinguistic/phonemic awareness and syllable shapes C. language, metalinguistic/phonemic awareness & syllable shapes D. prosody, phonation & feeding/swallowing
C. language, metalinguistic/phonemic awareness & syllable shapes
To check jitter & shimmer in voice, the SLP should record the speaker A. in a brief natural conversation B. reading a short, phonetically balanced passage C. producing a vowel with sustained pitch D. producing a vowel with a rising & falling pitch contour
C. producing a vowel with sustained pitch
An slp at an acute Rehabilitation Hospital has just received a patient with flaccid dysarthria on his caseload. After the first session, the slp decides that the patient may benefit from abdominal trussing. Which of the following rationales for adopting this method for this particular patient would be appropriate for the slp to use: A. to counter inspiratory weakness and assist in creation of inspiratory force for the generation of subtitle pressure during inspiration B. to increase vocal fold tension leading to increase loudness and improved vocal quality C. to counter expiratory weakness and assist in creation of excretory Force for the generation of subglottal pressure during expiration D. to improve functioning of both the direct and indirect upper motor neuron pathways
C. to counter expiratory wheeze Ness and assist in creation of excretory Force for the generation of subglottal pressure during expiration
An SLP is addressing the agrammmatism of a person with aphasia in the treatment plan. The treatment goal to address this aspect of the disorder would be A. working on lexical retrieval of single nouns B. assessing writing ability to dictation C. working on correct number noun-verb agreement D. assessing the motor speech difficulties associated with apraxia of speech
C. working on correct number noun-verb agreement
C65. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has begun a research study, utilizing a within-subject experimental design. However, the research participant has demonstrated significant fatigue from beginning to the end of the study. Any potential change in data due to this fatigue is known as a: A. Treatment effect. B. Carryover effect. C. Hawthorne effect. D. Order effect.
D. Order effect.
C35. A child in an elementary school is currently producing one-word utterances and has demonstrated difficulty producing more advanced utterances. The speech-language pathologist (SLP) who is working with this child has decided to use expatiations during play activities as a means of increasing utterance length. If the child produces the utterance "kitty," which of the following is an appropriate response for this SLP to use? A. "What does the kitty like to do?" B. "That is a kitty." C. "What's the kitty's name?" D. "That is a soft kitty."
D. "That is a soft kitty."
C83. During a language evaluation, a child produces the utterance "The boy pushed the cars." How many free morphemes are there in this child's utterance? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
D. 5
C91. Following a comprehensive language evaluation, a 2-year-old child has been diagnosed as a "late talker." The characteristic that BEST describes this child is that she does not use at least: A. 25 different expressive vocabulary words. B. 30 different expressive vocabulary words. C. 45 different expressive vocabulary words. D. 50 different expressive vocabulary words.
D. 50 different expressive vocabulary words.
C110. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in an inpatient rehabilitation hospital is working with a patient who displays the following symptoms: poor ability to explain the meaning of metaphorical language, inability to produce a melody when asked to sing, hemiplegia, tendency to bump into items on the patient's left side when using a wheelchair. These are diagnostic characteristics of: A. A large brainstem stroke. B. A left-hemisphere cerebrovascular accident (CVA). C. Dementia with Lewy bodies. D. A right-hemisphere CVA.
D. A right-hemisphere CVA.
C79. Zach, a 25-year-old man who stutters, has been in therapy off and on over the years. His therapist has consistently used a fluency shaping approach. In these sessions, Zach is able to make improvement in therapy but has trouble generalizing his fluent speech to his work and social settings. Together they decide to try an approach that uses more focus on stuttering modification. Which techniques are they likely to emphasize in this new treatment? A. Relationship focused therapy that addresses feelings and attitudes about communication and speaking. B. Cancellation, speech modification. C. Avoidance reduction. D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
C52. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been consulted to perform a comprehensive language evaluation on a young child. Following the evaluation, the SLP determines that the child is functioning at Brown's stage II of morphological development. Which structure would this child MOST LIKELY be producing? A. Auxiliary am. B. Auxiliary do. C. Auxiliary have. D. Auxiliary be.
D. Auxiliary be.
C37. A person is experiencing ataxia. Which central nervous system structure is MOST LIKELY impaired? A. Midbrain. B. Pons. C. Medulla. D. Cerebellum.
D. Cerebellum.
C131. Cameron is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) who is working with a young child recently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Cameron believes that this child would benefit from the use of a Floortime approach to intervention. In order to BEST implement this treatment approach, Cameron should: A. Teach the child social skills through a story-time format. B. Establish a reciprocal communication system for the child. C. Engage in a play-based activity with the child and an age-matched peer. D. Engage in a semistructured play activity that interests the child.
D. Engage in a semistructured play activity that interests the child.
C119. In evaluating an adult who stutters, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) uses a conversational speech sample and an attitudinal survey about communication. She decides not to record the session so as not to make the client more nervous. What's wrong with this approach? A. It would have been better to use a standardized test to assess this person's speech. B. Attitudinal surveys are not helpful communication assessment measures. C. There is nothing wrong with this approach; recording isn't really necessary. D. Failure to record the sample makes reliability assessment and further analysis impossible.
D. Failure to record the sample makes reliability assessment and further analysis impossible.
C113. A patient is admitted to an acute care hospital after having a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Imaging shows that the stroke affected function of the pharyngeal nerve. Which of the following voice problems would this patient MOST LIKELY experience? A. Strained vocal quality. B. Aphonia. C. Breathy vocal quality. D. Hypernasal vocal quality.
D. Hypernasal vocal quality.
C123. A child is referred to an otolaryngology (ENT) and speech-language pathology (SLP) clinic at an acute care hospital after experiencing multiple episodes of nasal regurgitation in addition to significantly hypernasal speech. Upon full evaluation, it is found that the child has difficulty with elevation and retraction of the velum. Given these problems, this child is MOST LIKELY experiencing deficits in which of the following muscles? A. Tensor veli palatini. B. Musculus uvulae. C. Palatoglossus. D. Levator veli palatini.
D. Levator veli palatini.
C59. After performing a comprehensive speech evaluation on a pediatric client, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) has determined that although the child produces the /s/ phoneme, he demonstrates the phonological process of final consonant deletion for this phoneme, consistent with a phonemic error. Which method of intervention would be an appropriate selection for the SLP to utilize with this child? A. Van Riper traditional approach. B. Multiple phoneme approach. C. Paired stimulus approach. D. Minimal contrast approach.
D. Minimal contrast approach.
C78. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is starting to work with a young child with a speech sound disorder. After reviewing the child's evaluation results, the SLP determines that the child is demonstrating errors in all word positions for the following phonemes: [l, t, g, a, v, w]. The SLP would like to utilize a treatment method that will simultaneously target the child's speech sound errors. Which intervention would this SLP MOST LIKELY implement? A. Sensory-motor approach. B. Integral stimulation. C. Minimal pairs approach. D. Multiple phonemes approach.
D. Multiple phonemes approach.
A parent arrived at a local speech and language clinic with his young son, with complaints of difficulty speaking. And SLP provides a comprehensive speech evaluation and determines that the child is exhibiting the phonological processes of affrication, epenthesis, and reduplication, that is SLP decides to target only the child's reduplication, as she believes that the child has not yet reached an age where he should suppress affrication and epenthesis. Which theory of phonological development best matches this SLPs approach to treatment: A. Prosodic theory B. Generative theory C. Behavioral theory D. Natural phonology
D. Natural phonology
C87. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in private practice has been working with a child for the past 6 months in order to correct the child's speech distortions. However, the child has made no progress over the course of treatment, and the SLP prepares a referral for otolaryngology (ENT) intervention. With which of the following distortions does this child MOST LIKELY present? A. Glottal stop. B. Compensatory production. C. Phoneme-specific nasality. D. Obligatory distortion.
D. Obligatory distortion.
C41. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been working with a child who demonstrates difficulty producing /k/ in the initial and final word positions. However, the child does correctly produce the following words: /ki/, /kæt/, bæk/ and /ba?k/. The SLP decides to utilize a treatment method that capitalizes on these correct productions to aid in faulty productions. Which of these interventions is MOST LIKELY the method chosen by this SLP? A. Integral stimulation. B. Multiple phoneme approach. C. Sensory-motor approach. D. Paired-stimuli approach.
D. Paired-stimuli approach.
C50. When producing the voiceless fricative /f/, the muscle that MOST LIKELY contracts is the: A. Lateral cricoarytenoid. B. Transverse interarytenoid. C. Oblique interarytenoid. D. Posterior cricoarytenoid.
D. Posterior cricoarytenoid.
C107. Charlie is a 3-year-old boy who is having trouble communicating with others. At school he has a habit of interrupting and seems rude. His mother says his speech is clear, but he has trouble getting to the point of his message, making his intentions hard to understand. Which of the following BEST describes the language area in which he is having the most problems? A. Morphology. B. Semantics. C. Gestural. D. Pragmatics.
D. Pragmatics.
C103. A patient who had a stroke was referred for a language and cognitive evaluation. The referral specifically mentioned that the man had trouble with "Theory of Mind" tasks, indicating he had difficulty understanding what another person's beliefs or thoughts might be. In which adult diagnostic groups would deficits of Theory of Mind be categorized? A. Alzheimer's disease in the early stage. B. Wernicke's or conduction aphasia. C. Parkinson's disease and dementia. D. Right-hemisphere strokes.
D. Right-hemisphere strokes.
C49. Allison is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) working in an elementary school, with a caseload comprising predominantly children with autism spectrum disorder. How should Allison structure her intervention sessions to maximize gains made by these children? A. She should provide parenting training once behaviors have been established. B. She should provide intervention sessions that are lengthy in duration. C. She should provide intervention that utilizes a group format. D. She should provide intervention that promotes active engagement.
D. She should provide intervention that promotes active engagement.
A student reads 7 research articles regarding recycling challenges & methods. He summarizes and critiques the articles & then proposes a novel strategy to solve urban recycling efforts. This cluster of behaviors is most clearly associated with which of Chall's reading stages? A. Stage 2: confirmation, fluency, ungluing from print B. Stage 3: reading for learning the new C. Stage 4:: multiple viewpoints D. Stage 5: construction and reconstruction
D. Stage 5: construction and reconstruction
C76. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is working in a school setting and has many students that come from culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds. The SLP knows that there are many issues associated with CLD populations, including which of the following issues? A. The SLP should try to use English as much as possible in intervention. B. There are no cultural difference that influence perception of gender. C. Using English-language assessments predict language performance in other languages. D. The SLP must respect the home culture and assist acculturation in the school.
D. The SLP must respect the home culture and assist acculturation in the school.
C74. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is considering dismissing a child from therapy services, as the SLP believes the child has made the maximum amount of progress possible. What is the MOST IMPORTANT factor to consider when dismissing a child from language therapy from a SLP perspective? A. The child has met all measurable goals and objectives set for him through language therapy. B. The child is refusing to participate in further language treatment sessions. C. The child's family has become tired of receiving language intervention. D. The child is able to meet all communication demands for activities of daily living.
D. The child is able to meet all communication demands for activities of daily living.
C56. A child is brought into a speech and language clinic for a language evaluation. After performing the evaluation, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) reveals the following utterances: "look doggy," "more cookie," "no bed," and "mommy good." Which of the following statements BEST describes this child's speech sample? D. The child is producing babbling. B. The child is producing narratives. C. The child is producing simple sentences. D. The child is producing telegraphic speech.
D. The child is producing telegraphic speech.
C85. Nasal consonants have a low-frequency nasal formant because the nasal cavity acts as: A. A side cavity, resulting in a zero between F1 and F2. B. A side cavity, resulting in a low-frequency F1. C. The largest resonating cavity, resulting in a zero between F1 and F2. D. The largest resonating cavity, resulting in a low-frequency F1.
D. The largest resonating cavity, resulting in a low-frequency F1.
C98. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been asked to perform an evaluation on a patient with a neurodegenerative communication disorder with very limited verbal output. Following assessment, it is also revealed that the patient is not literate and greatly struggles with any literacy-based material. Which approach to intervention would be BEST for this patient's needs? A. The patient will benefit from intervention targeting cognitive, rather than communicative, skills. B. The patient will not be an appropriate candidate for AAC due to deficits in literacy. C. The patient can use alphabet supplementation following intense instruction in phoneme/grapheme association. D. The patient can use an AAC device that utilizes symbolic representations of words and phrases.
D. The patient can use an AAC device that utilizes symbolic representations of words and phrases.
C118. Two grade-school children are referred to a speech-language pathologist (SLP) for a comprehensive diagnostic assessment of their literacy abilities. A basic literacy assessment should consider the children's: A. Reading/writing skills, cultural context and articulation abilities. B. Underlying spoken language skills, vocal quality and reading/writing skills. C. Reading/writing skills, underlying cognitive processing skills and cultural context. D. Underlying spoken language skills, reading/writing skills and cultural context.
D. Underlying spoken language skills, reading/writing skills and cultural context.
C39. Gus is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) working in an early childhood education setting. Recently, he has begun working with a child who has a significant language disorder. For this child, Gus has chosen to utilize induction teaching to facilitate the child's learning of language. Which of the following statements BEST describes this approach to intervention? A. Providing an enriched language-learning environment with no specific targets. B. Targeting of specific forms and functions through repetition and modeling. C. Increasing the rate at which a targeted form or function is learned. D. Using a more explicit and systematic set of teaching steps.
D. Using a more explicit and systematic set of teaching steps.
In a narrow band spectrogram, the speech language pathologist can see that harmonic spacing becomes narrower throughout a vowel. When listening to a vowel, the SLP expects to hear that the vowel A. is a diphthong that shifts from a low vowel to a high vowel B. is a diphthong that shift from a front vowel to a back vowel C. begins at a lower pitch and ends at a higher pitch D. begins at a higher pitch and ends at a lower pitch
D. begins at a higher pitch and ends at a lower pitch
A child is brought to S/L clinic by the child's parents, who provide a chief complaint of being hard to understand. The SLP administers a comprehensive evaluation & reveals the following errors: /bu/ for /blu/, /gin/ for /grin/ and /sar/ for /star./ Which phonological process does this child demonstrate? A. nasal assimilation B. affrication C. metathesis D. cluster simplification
D. cluster simplification
Two researchers are analyzing the data collected from a recently completed research study. The researchers have found that their measurements are in good agreement, thus demonstrating adequate interobserver agreement. This finding is a good estimate of measurement A. Accuracy B. Agreement C. Precision D. consistency
D. consistency
Micah is a four-year-old child whose beginning preschool. He stutters on about 8 percent of words in his language is mildly too late. His pediatrician advised against early referral for assessment by the SLP because she is concerned that labeling this problem will make it worse. The mother is concerned about Micah's stuttering problem and called the school SLP for advice. Which of the following is least likely to be helpful in discussion with Micah's mother? A. assessment of the child's speech will not make it worse and should be completed if there is concern B. there might be some benefit in providing the parent with some evidence base materials that clarify the purpose of early assessment C. explain the various schools of early stuttering assessment and treatment D. explain that the pediatrician is in error
D. explain that the pediatrician is in error