PRAXIS - AUDIOLOGY

A 65-year-old man with presbycusis comes to you complaining that when he is in social situations such as parties, people don't speak loudly enough. He says that the noise creates a problem for him in hearing what people are saying. With what does this client have difficulty? A. Signal-to-noise ratio B. Auditory discrimination C. Figure-ground discrimination D. Pragmatic skills

A

Acoustic immittance is measured with A. tympanometry. B. immittanceometry. C. impedanometry. D. acoustic reflex.

A

An audiologist is conducting a hearing test on an 84-year-old-patient he suspects has a hearing loss. He would like to evaluate baseline hearing of the patient and provides her with a list of two-syllable, or disyllable, words that are pronounced with equal stress on the first and second syllables (e.g., suitcase, pushcart). Which test is the audiologist administering? A. Spondee recognition test B. Whispered recognition test C. Rinne test D. Weber test

A

An audiologist is testing a client in a soundproof booth. She asks her client to put on headphones that deliver the sound stimulus directly to the ear. The audiologist tells the client that if she hears a sound, she should respond by holding up her hand or pressing a switch that lights up on the audiometer. What test is being conducted? A. Air conduction B. Pure tone C. Bone conduction D. Speech recognition

A

An audiologist presents a passage of connected speech to your patient. An excerpt from the passage is as follows: "I went to the beach last week. My mom and I had a lot of fun. We built a sandcastle and collected a bunch of seashells. At the end of the day, we got vanilla ice cream on the boardwalk." Your patient repeats the message syllable for syllable. The material that was selected was within your patient's language level and the passage was interesting to the patient as well. This technique can be used as a tool in aural rehabilitation and it has great face validity because the material approximates normal communication more closely than single words. It can also help to improve listening and spoken language skills. What is this technique called? A. Speech tracking B. Listening training C. Pure-tone testing D. Acoustic highlighting

A

Vibration consists of movement or displacement in more than just one direction. What is the most fundamental form of vibration? A. Simple harmonic motion B. Pure tone C. Sinusoidal motion D. Complex tone

A

A father comes to you regarding his daughter, who is 8 months old. The daughter's hearing loss is bilateral, and she is profoundly deaf. The father states that he wishes for his daughter, as she grows older, to "fit in with children with normal hearing." He is interested in any possible amplification and says that he wants his daughter to lead a life that is "as normal as possible." Which training approach would best fit this father's wishes? A. Total communication B. Aural/oral method C. Manual approach D. Rochester method

B

An audiologist is testing a client for acoustic immittance. She places a sound stimulus in her client's external ear canal with an airtight closure and measures changes in the acoustic energy as the sound stimulates the auditory system. What insturment is the audiologist using for this particular procedure. a. otoscope b. impedance bridge c. audiometer d. tympanic meter

B

Karen informs her pediatrician that her child has been rubbing his ear and is fussy. The doctor tells Karen that her child has an upper respiratory infection. The pediatrician explains that upper respiratory infections are often associated with an infection of the middle ear. This infection of the middle ear is known as: A. external otitis. B. otitis media. C. myringotomy. D. aural atresia.

B

Molly, a 26-year-old woman, just gave birth to a healthy baby girl. The doctors want to the test the hearing of her newborn. Which of the following techniques is used to record the electrical activity in the auditory neve, brainstem, and the cortical areas of the brain? a. electrocochleography b. auditory brainstem response c. axial tomography d. magnetic resonance imaging

B

Patients who have damage to their nerve fibers along the ascending auditory pathways from the internal auditory meatus to the cortex have a A. cochlear disorder. B. retrocochlear disorder. C. recruitment disorder. D. middle ear disorder.

B

The most severe form of pinna deformity is microtia, where the pinna is small and underdeveloped. This is typically associated with what hearing condition? a. Stenosis b. Atresia c. External otitis d. Otosclerosis

B

Vijay, a 70-year-old man, attends a clinic for a hearing evaluation. After conducting testing, the audiologist mentions that a common cause of conductive hearing loss where there is a buildup of spongifying bone on the osseous labyrinth that immobilizes the footplate of the stapes and interferes with sound transmission to the inner ear is: A. Meniere's disease B. Otosclerosis C. Otitis media D. Acoustic neuroma

B

What can develop on the acoustic nerve and ultimately result in a sensorineural hearing loss due to decrease in nerve conduction of sound impulses to the brain? A. Brainstem lesions B. Acoustic neuroma C. Bony growths D. Bacteria

B

Which term describes a child's ability to mentally sort speech stimuli or remember what he or she has heard? A. Auditory sequencing B. Auditory memory C. Auditory attention D. Auditory rate

B

A patient exhibits a reduction in hearing sensitivity when tested by air conduction; however, he shows normal sensitivity by bone conduction. This condition is called: A. Otitis media B. Sensorineural hearing loss C. Conductive hearing loss D. Mixed hearing loss

C

A person with otosclerosis often has an audiogram reflecting Carhart's notch,which is A. a specific loss at 2,000 Hz, as indicated by air-conduction testing. B. a specific loss at 4,000 Hz, as indicated by both air- and bone-conduction testing. C. a specific loss at 2,000 Hz, as indicated by bone-conduction testing. D. specific losses at both 2,000 and 4,000 Hz, as indicated by bone-conduction testing.

C

A screening test for hearing that uses a vibrating tuning fork (which is placed on the middle of the forehead) to detect unilateral conductive hearing loss and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss is called the A. chi-squared test. B. Mann-Whitney U test. C. Weber test. D. Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

C

An audiologist is conducting a hearing test and sends an acoustic signal through a headphone at a level that is strong enough to obscure the tone heard in the opposite ear. Which of the following statements is not true about masking? A. Masking allows the clinician to eliminate the non-test ear from participation while measuring hearing thresholds for the test ear. B. The masking noise in the non-test ear must be enough to make any sound crossing the skull from the test ear inaudible. C. For testing hearing by bone conduction, masking is needed whenever the difference between the air-bone gap is 60 dB or more. D. The plateau method is a procedure used to determine how much masking is sufficient.

C

Hearing loss that occurs when the middle ear and the inner ear are not functioning properly is known as A. sensorineural hearing loss. B. middle ear hearing loss. C. mixed hearing loss. D. conductive hearing loss.

C

The softest level of hearing at which a person can understand 50% of the words presented is known as A. pure-tone threshold. B. speech discrimination threshold. C. speech reception threshold. D. word discrimination threshold.

C

The two muscles in the middle ear that dampen the vibrations of the tympanic membrane and the ossicular chain are the A. levator tympani and stapedius muscle. B. auditory meatus and levator tympani. C. tensor tympani and stapedius muscle. D. buccinator tympani and risorius.

C

What type of otitis media typically results in damage to middle-ear structures typically attributable to cholosteotoma, erosion of ossicles, or atrophy/perforation of the tympanic membrane? A. Serious B. Acute C. Chronic D. Mild

C

You are trying to differentiate whether your patient's sensorineural hearing loss was caused by a lesion in the inner ear or in the auditory nerve. You place a headphone on one ear and insert the probe assembly into the contralateral ear. If you are trying to find the lowest possible intensity needed to elicit a middle ear muscle contraction, which of the following thresholds would that be? a. speech reception threshold b. bone conduction threshold c. acoustic reflex threshold d. air conduction threshold

C

A father tells you that he is concerned about his son Adam, who has had many episodes of otitis media with effusion. Adam has taken antibiotics for the last 7 months, but testing reveals that he continues to have middle ear fluid, although he is not sick. You refer Adam and his father to a pediatrician, who asks an ear, nose, and throat doctor to perform a surgical procedure in which a small incision will be made in Adam's tympanic membranes to relieve pressure. This procedure is known as: A. pressure-equalizing tubes. B. myringoplasty. C. otosclerosis. D. myringotomy.

D

A new patient comes into your office seeking more information on bone-anchored hearing aids because he has heard better things about these hearing aids versus conventional bone conduction hearing aids. Which of the following statements is false regarding BAHAs? A. BAHAs provide mechanical vibration that is transmitted to the skull by a titanium screw. B. A small titanium implant behind the ear bonds with the living bone. C. Candidates for BAHAs are those with bone-conduction thresholds better than or equal to 45 dB HL. D. The titanium screw is embedded into the cochlea.

D

A professor is teaching a class the anatomy of the hearing mechanism. She asks her students, "What structure houses the sensory apparatus for hearing and resides between the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani?" A. Organ of Corti B. Stapedius C. Tensor tympani D. Cochlear duct

D

Popular forms of hearing amplification today include hearing aids and cochlear implants. Which one of the following is not true about these devices? A. Cochlear implants may be used with children and also some adults who have sensorineural hearing loss. B. Cochlear implants can help prelingual children to make substantial progress through maximizing their potential. C. A consideration in fitting clients with hearing aids is whether they are motivated to use and properly care for the aids. D. Cochlear implants deliver amplified sound to the ear canal, whereas hearing aids deliver electrical impulses (converted from sound) directly to the auditory system.

D

Sally just delivered her first baby boy. The pediatrician has noticed that the child was born with his external ear canal completely closed. The doctor explains that the child has A. external otitis. B. otitis media. C. myringotomy. D. aural atresia.

D

Sensitivity to sound of the normal ear of a young adult is limited to A. 30 Hz to 30,000 Hz. B. 5 Hz to 5,000 Hz. C. 7 Hz to 70,000 Hz. D. 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

D

Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) are A. determined by the patient's response to a list of monosyllabic words presented at a low level of hearing. B. determined by looking at the patient's pure-tone test results at the frequencies most important to speech. C. the lowest levels of hearing at which a person can understand 100% of the words presented. D. the lowest levels of hearing at which a person can understand 50% of the words presented

D

The impedance meter can measure a simple reflex response of the muscles attached to the stapes bone. This reflex is called the: A. stapes reflex. B. tympanic reflex. C. basilar membrane reflex. D. acoustic reflex.

D

A 54-year-old man came to an ENT physician complaining of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, nausea, and a fullness of pressure in the ear. The patient informed the doctor that the episodes of vertigo last for about 30 minutes at a time. After conducting several tests, including videonystagmography, rotary-chair testing, vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing, and posturography, the doctor diagnosed A. autoimmune inner ear disease. B. presbycusis. C. an acoustic neuroma. D. Meniere's disease.

D