pre-test from MB website ch 4

A normal size range for a typical eukaryotic cell is _____.

10 to 100 micrometers

The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of _____. (ebook Module 4.14)

ATP

In human females, an ovum (egg cell) is not released directly from the ovary into the oviduct. Which mechanism below is the best explanation for how the ovum makes it into the oviduct?

Cilia located at the opening of the oviduct capture the ovum in a sweeping motion.

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____. (ebook Module 4.10)

Golgi apparatus

Phospholipid bilayer membranes are semipermeable. Which of the following can move across the membrane without assistance?

O2

Which of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes? (ebook Module 4.11)

The cell becomes crowded with undigested wastes.

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? (ebook Module 4.21)

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

One function of the central vacuole in plants is growth. The central vacuole grows larger when there is an increase in the amount of stored material. An animal cell does not grow by this method. What is the essential difference between animals and plants that requires the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

How are cell surface proteins exported out of the cell?

The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus.

Some eukaryotic cells lose organelles as they mature. Which eukaryotic cell would most likely have lost certain organelles, including mitochondria?

a human red blood cell that transports as many oxygen molecules as possible

Mitochondria are found in _____.

both plant and animal cells

Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the _____. (ebook Module 4.13)

breakdown of fatty acids

Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells consumed the organic compounds needed for life-sustaining functions. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?

chloroplast

Which cellular organelle is required for photosynthesis to occur in eukaryotic cells? (ebook Module 4.15)

chloroplast

Under a light microscope, which substance becomes visible as the cell divides?

chromatin

The function of the chloroplast is to _____.

convert light energy to chemical energy

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

creating receptor proteins

What are the inner folds of the mitochondria called? (ebook Module 4.14)

cristae

What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?

cristae

Where are the ribosomes that produce enzymes responsible for the first steps of sugar metabolism found?

cytoplasm

Where would you expect to find contractile proteins in a cell? (ebook Module 4.17)

cytoskeleton

Which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell?

digestive enzymes

Cilia and flagella move due to energy provided by the enzymatic breakdown of ATP by _____. (ebook Module 4.18)

dynein arms

The contractile vacuole _____. (ebook Module 4.12)

eliminates excess water from the cytoplasm of freshwater protists

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both _____; they are different in that chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, _____. (ebook Module 4.16)

have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis

What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?

increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity

During a bacterial infection, signals are produced that communicate with the nucleus via molecules found on the surface of specific cells. This allows for the recruitment of white blood cells. What molecules are communicating with the nucleus?

integrins

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?

lysosome

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is considered to be in which general functional category of organelle? (ebook Module 4.9)

manufacturing

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____. (ebook Module 4.14)

metabolically active

The protein actin is a component of a(n) _____. (ebook Module 4.17)

microfilament

Integrins are proteins that are responsible for integrating changes that are occurring outside and inside the cell. They are able to do this because of _____. (ebook Module 4.20)

microfilaments

When elongated, tube-shaped cells from the lining of the intestine are treated with a certain chemical, the cells sag and become rounded. The internal structures disrupted by this chemical are probably _____. (ebook Module 4.17)

microtubules

Which of the following cytoplasmic structures function in the transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus?

microtubules

The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____. (ebook Module 4.17)

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

Which cell structure is responsible for metabolism?

mitochondrion

Which of these is a function of the endomembrane system? (ebook Module 4.8)

molecule export

A plant cell was grown in a test tube containing radioactive nucleotides, the parts from which DNA is built. Later examination of the cell showed the radioactivity to be concentrated in the _____.

nucleus

The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the _____.

nucleus

Digestive cells produce many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes _____.

on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Flagella and cilia are both composed of tubulin subunits. However, key differences can be observed. For example, _____.

only cilia move as a coordinated team

The general function of _____ is the breakdown of substances. (ebook Module 4.23)

peroxisomes

Chloroplasts are found in _____. (ebook Module 4.15)

plant cells and some protists

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a(n) _____. (ebook Module 4.22)

plasmodesma

In plants, _____ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as _____.

plasmodesmata ... gap junctions

Which of the following would be found in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?

proteins

Protein synthesis requires several components, several of which are constructed in the nucleus. Which is the only macromolecule involved that enters the nucleus, is modified, and then leaves via the nuclear pores?

ribosomal proteins

Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell? (ebook Module 4.8)

ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following are found in prokaryotic cells?

ribosomes

Which of the following organelles would be especially abundant in the pancreatic cells that produce digestive enzymes? (ebook Module 4.9)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. (ebook Module 4.10)

secrete a lot of material

In muscle cells, the _____ is/are specialized for the storage and release of calcium. (ebook Module 4.9)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

When isolated liver cells are combined with toxins, initial processing in the _____ increases the solubility of those compounds as an initial step in their excretion. (ebook Module 4.9)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which tissue would likely contain large amounts of anchoring junctions?

stomach tissue

The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category?

support, movement, and communication

What are the limits on which maximum cell size depends?

surface-to-volume ratio

Lysosomes are derived from _____ and function in _____. (ebook Module 4.11)

the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ... digestion of worn-out organelles

Membrane proteins are synthesized by ribosomes that are attached to _____. (ebook Module 4.9)

the endoplasmic reticulum

Which microscope would be best suited to the measurement of the internal structures of a bacterial cell?

transmission electron microscope

Which of the following structures are essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system?

transport vesicles

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? The _____ functions in _____.

vacuole ... storage

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes