Prep U Chapter 3: Health, Illness, and Disparities

An elderly patient has been recently diagnosed with vascular dementia. Because he lives alone and has poorly controlled hypertension, he has begun to receive home healthcare. This new aspect of his care is characteristic of which stage of illness?

Assuming a dependent role

The nursing instructor informs the students that there are many factors that affect a person's health. Which factor would the nursing instructor tell the students is essential for physiologic health and survival?

Basic human needs

A nurse working in the ICU understands that illnesses affect both the client as well as the family members. What are some things that often cause stress in family members due to a hospitalization of a family member? Select all that apply.

Economic problems Alterations in roles Decrease in social interactions Alterations in lifestyle

When caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness, the nurse understands the importance of promoting health by highlighting which concept?

Focus on what is possible

When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by his personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating understanding of which health model?

Health belief model

The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?

It focuses on what people believe to be true about their health

A nurse caring for patients with diabetes knows that this is a characteristic of a chronic illness:

It requires special patient education for rehabilitation

A nurse is immunizing children against measles. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

Primary

A nurse is educating women on the need for calcium to prevent bone loss. What level of prevention does this represent?

Primary prevention

A client experiencing symptoms of cold is referred to the specialist for diagnosis and consultation. Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of the health care system?

secondary care

The nurse is preparing to create a plan of care for a client admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse understands that the client's self-actualization needs can be met by implementing which interventions? (Select all that apply.)

teaching the client about the COPD diagnosis educating the client about the course of the disease process creating a treatment and prevention plan to decrease readmissions

A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?

tertiary prevention

What is a misconception about chronic disease?

Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented

The nurse is certified in providing Therapeutic Touch and is preparing to initiate this for a client. What activity should the nurse perform initially?

request the client's permission prior to touching the body

Research has shown that the incidence of chronic conditions is increasing. Which lifestyle factor is associated with chronic diseases?

smoking

The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with nutritional deficits. Which is the priority intervention for this client?

teaching about intake of food and vitamins

The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. What level(s) of health promotion is this an example of?

Primary

Nurses promote the needs of clients as an integral part of each person's human dimension. Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community centre for an older client who is living alone?

Sociocultural needs

A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

Tertiary

What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?

To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors

A nurse has chosen to characterize a new initiative as "wellness promotion" rather than "health promotion". Which statement best describes the difference between the concept of wellness and the concept of health?

Wellness is an active state, whereas health is a more passive state dependent on the absence of disease.

A 90-year-old woman has a Staphylococcus infection in her decubitus ulcer. Staphylococcus is the:

agent

What is the definition of wellness?

an active state of being healthy

Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care?

assisting with speech therapy for a client with a traumatic brain injury

While providing client care, a nurse determines that a client adheres to the health belief model. What would the nurse need to assess as a factor possibly affecting the client's response to illness?

personality characteristics

A nurse is explaining A1C diagnostic testing to a client with diabetes. What level of healthcare delivery does this test suggest?

primary

An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation?

chronic illness

To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must:

consume a diet low in fat

A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?

coronary artery disease

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity treats the client at the tertiary level?

importance of adhering to a low sodium diet

A nurse is planning a seminar for the local community. Which topics are examples of health promotion discussions? (Select all that apply.)

information on increasing activity and exercise examples of heart-healthy diet

The nurse is working in an acute care setting and performs primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Which activity performed by the nurse is classified as tertiary prevention?

instructing a client how to use crutches

A client with Crohn's disease in remission is admitted to the nursing unit for follow-up care. The remission state is characterized by:

disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with the disease

A client has been exposed to bacterial pneumonia. The client has been eating poorly, with limited intake of nutrients. This factor would predispose a client to the development of pneumonia. Poor nutritional intake is classified as the:

environment

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, a problem that was accompanied by a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dLm (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomena?

exacerbation

A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage liver failure. Which healthcare agency should the nurse recommend for continuity of care?

extended care

A client is admitted to the mental health centre with attempted suicide. Which of the client's problems is the priority for the nurse to manage?

freedom from harm

An older adult client who has been hospitalized due to a stroke is about to be discharged from a rehabilitation center where the he had to relearn how to feed and dress himself. The client often voiced a desire to be as active as possible. The client now expresses a strong desire to go home. The nurse recognizes that these statements made by the client indicate that the client is:

giving up the dependent role

A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp?

health promotion

The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as:

high-level wellness

Which client growth needs are included in the love and belonging level of Maslow's hierarchy? (Select all that apply.)

intimacy friendships family

A client states, "I must be in poor health because I am a senior citizen. That's what my neighbor says and she is older than I am." This statement is based on which of the following factors?

Peer influence

A nursing instructor is working with a class of first semester nursing students. The instructor explains the interrelatedness of health and wellness. What would be the best definition the nursing instructor could give of health?

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking?

Modifiable

A client tells the nurse that her doctor just told her that she had a "chronic condition." She asks the nurse what does "chronic condition" mean. What would be the nurse's best response?

"Chronic conditions usually come on slowly and may have periods of remission and exacerbation."

After studying concepts of health and wellness, the nursing student realizes that many different things influence a client's personal perception of health. Which influences should the student list as factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply.

Culture Society Community Family

The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed (GI). The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?

secondary

A client enjoys eating high-calorie carbohydrate meals, but understands her blood sugar can increase sharply, ultimately causing the feeling of butterflies in her stomach as her blood sugar decreases. This is considered:

self-concept

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.