Prepositions and Conjunctions

2 mayor subcategories of Conjunctions

1. Coordinating conjunctions 2. Subordinating conjunctions

preposition collocations

Prepositions show a relationship between words in a sentence. Prepositions of place, such as on, in, next to, above, and below, describe the spatial relationship between two or more objects. Prepositions of time, such as around, at, before, during, on, and throughout, describe various temporal relationships.

verbs and prepositions collocations

The most commonly used verb and preposition collocations are: admire for, agree with, argue with, believe in, escape from, get rid of, help (someone) with (something), matter to, object to, pay for, pray for, plan on, remind (somebody) of (something), suffer from...

prepositions

Words we use before nouns or pronouns to show their relationship with other words in the sentence. Example: behind (the tree), across (Maple Street), down (the stairs) Prepositions can demonstrate spatial relationships (e.g., around the world), or act as a complement to other parts of speech, like verbs (succeed within) and adjectives (interested in). around the world (preposition) in Asia (preposition) on a different continent (preposition) the demand for fluent speakers (preposition - noun phrase) focus on being (preposition - verb phrase) most important for you (preposition - adjective phrase) Regardless of place (preposition - adverb phrase) - Prepositions of place, including on, in, next to, above, below, describe the spatial relationship between two or more objects. I got on a bus, but she got in a car. There is a mistake in the picture on page 12. - Prepositions of time, including around, at, before, during, on, throughout, describe various temporal relationships. I'll see you at 10 a.m. on Monday in 2019. I had to wake up before 5 a.m. several times throughout the week.

Select all of the sentences that contain common verb and preposition collocations. Select one or more: a. Ireland differs from Scotland in several ways. b. I plan on being a vegetarian while teaching overseas. c. He is enthusiastic about teaching EFL overseas. d. Her daughter is interested in gymnastics.

a. Ireland differs from Scotland in several ways. b. I plan on being a vegetarian while teaching overseas. Explanation: Sentences a. and b. contain common verb and preposition collocations. Sentence a. contains the verb "differs" and the preposition "from". Sentence b. contains the verb "plan" and the preposition "on". Sentences c. and d. contain collocations of adjective and preposition.

Which of the underlined words is a subordinating conjunction? When I start teaching, this knowledge will be handy, but it is difficult to learn at the moment. Select one: a. When b. but c. to d. at

a. When Explanation: "When" is a subordinating conjunction and it begins the dependent clause, "When I start teaching...".

What is the function of the coordinating conjunction "but"? Select one: a. combines two clauses together to show contrast b. combines two clauses to show added information c. combines two clauses together to show a result

a. combines two clauses together to show contrast Explanation: The coordinating conjunction "but" is used to combine two clauses together to show a contrast such as in the following sentence: She wanted to see a movie, but I wanted to eat. The coordinating conjunction helps show a contrast between what the two people wanted to do.

Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly? Select one: a. I want to teach in Spain because, my aunt lives there. b. After I finished my TEFL course, I moved to the United Arab Emirates. c. Although I can't speak French I can read it quite well.

b. After I finished my TEFL course, I moved to the United Arab Emirates. Explanation: Sentence b. contains a dependent clause starting with the subordinating conjunction "after" and the dependent clause is at the beginning of the sentence. If the dependent clause comes first, a comma is needed. Sentence a. should have no comma, and sentence c. should have a comma after "French".

Select the best answer to complete the following definition: _______________________ connect two or more clauses into a new sentence to form a complex sentence. Select one: a. Prepositions b. Subordinating conjunctions c. Prepositional phrases

b. Subordinating conjunctions Explanation: Subordinating conjunctions connect two or more clauses into a new sentence called a complex sentence. Complex sentences have at least one independent clause and one or more dependent (or subordinate) clauses.

Which answer shows prepositions of place? Select one: a. at, before, during, around b. on, in, above, below c. different from, plan on, asked for

b. on, in, above, below Explanation: Prepositions of place, such as on, in, next to, above, and below, describe the spatial relationship between two or more objects.

What type of prepositions are the following: around, at, before, during, throughout? Select one: a. prepositions of place b. prepositions of time c. prepositional phrases

b. prepositions of time Explanation: Prepositions of time, such as around, at, before, during, on, and throughout, describe various temporal relationships.

Which sentence shows the use of "before" as a preposition? Select one: a. She couldn't explain the different verb tenses before she studied these grammar modules. b. Before she studied these grammar modules, she couldn't explain the different verb tenses. c. She couldn't explain the different verb tenses before these grammar modules.

c. She couldn't explain the different verb tenses before these grammar modules. Explanation: Sentence c. uses the word "before" as a preposition. It is specifically a preposition of time that shows a temporal relationship between two things in the sentence. In sentences a. and b., "before" is a subordinating conjunction.

Choose the best term to identify the underlined portion of the sentence. If you want to learn more grammar, there are many great resources available. Select one: a. independent clause b. noun phrase c. dependent clause

c. dependent clause Explanation: The first part of the sentence is a dependent clause that star

Which of the coordinating conjunctions combines two clauses together to show a result? Select one: a. and b. but c. so d. or

c. so Explanation: "So" is a coordinating conjunction that is used to combine two clauses together to show a result with the clause containing "so" showing the result of the other clause such as in the example: We were all very tired, so everyone went home. "So" helps indicate the result of everyone being tired.

subordinating conjunction

connect two or more clauses into a new sentence called a complex sentence. Complex sentences have at least one independent clause and one or more dependent (or subordinate) clauses. Look at the following compound sentence that uses the subordinating conjunction if. Even if (conjunction - subordinating) that (conjunction - subordinating) Here are more examples of complex sentences that include subordinating conjunctions: Although I can't speak Russian, I can read it fairly well. (conjunction - sub.) I want to work in Italy because my uncle lives there. (conjunction - sub.) When you start teaching, this knowledge will be handy. (conjunction - sub.) He was listening to the radio while he brushed his teeth. (conjunction - sub.) I couldn't label parts of speech before I saw this module. (conjunction - sub.)

Coordinating Conjunctions

join two independent words, phrases or clauses (e.g., world, and people). 7 coordinating conjunctions: And, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet—these are the seven coordinating conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions provide equal status for different units of language and create lists and compound sentences. but (conjunction - coordinating) and (conjunction - coordinating) or (conjunction - coordinating) - The conjunctions and, or coordinate two or more words or phrases to create lists. He was walking and chewing gum. (verbs) I'll take water, milk, or a soda. (nouns) The building was tall and imposing. (adjectives) Was he walking quickly or slowly? (adverbs) - The conjunction and combines two clauses to show added information. We went to the restaurant, and I had a sandwich. (conjunction - coordinating) - The conjunction or combines two clauses to contrast different choices. We can work together, or we can do it the hard way. (conjunction - coordinating) - The conjunction but combines two clauses to show contrast. She wanted to see a movie, but I wanted to eat. (conjunction - coordinating) - The conjunction so combines two clauses to show a result (with the so- clause showing the result of the other clause). We were all very tired, so everyone went home. (conjunction - coordinating)

conjunctions

words used to join words, phrases, or clauses for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so