Prod Op CH10 Six Sigma
The effect of setting specification limits on product design allows businesses to monitor processes against these limits.
true, Setting specification limits allows process monitoring according to these limits.
___ and ____ specification limits define acceptable parameters and the target value of a process.
upper, lower
When measurements from periodic samples stay ___ the control limits, the process can be assumed to be working properly.
within
If the lower control limit for the c-chart is negative, then which of the following values should be used?
0
If the calculated lower control limit for a p-chart is a negative value, then which of the following is used for the lower control limit?
0, The lower control limit for a p-chart is either 0 or the calculated limit, whichever is greater.
The cost of quality has been estimated at what percentage of every sales dollar?
15-20%
TQM became a national concern in the United States during what decade?
1980s
To set up control charts, statistics suggest that ____ or so sample sets be analyzed.
25
How many defects per million units are permitted to meet Six Sigma standards?
3.4
For a process to be considered six sigma capable, the design specification limits are ____ standard deviations away from the process mean.
6
ISO ____ standards are concerned with business-to-business transactions dealing with quality, while ISO ____ standards are concerned with environmental management.
9000,14000
Which of the following is not a dimension of quality?
Appraisal They are: Perceived quality, aesthetics, durability, etc
Which of the following is variation that is caused by factors that can be clearly identified?
Assignable variation
Which of the following is an operational goal of total quality management (TQM)? 1. Careful design of the product or service. 2. Ensuring that the organization's systems can consistently produce the design.
Both 1 and 2
Which quality term refers to the degree to which the product or service design specifications are met?
Conformance
DMAIC is an acronym for ________.
Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
What term refers to the inherent value of the product in the marketplace?
Design Quality
Which six sigma tool requires changing each individual variable to determine the most influential one?
Design of experiments (DOE)
Which of the following are typical objectives of process control plans?
Detect shifts in the process; Provide new info about whether items are meeting design specifications
Which tool in Six Sigma projects is a structured approach to identify, estimate, prioritize, and evaluate risk of possible failures at each stage of a process?
Failure mode and effect analysis
ISO 9000 recognizes companies each year for outstanding quality management systems.
False, it is a reference for quality management requirements.
Which is the ISO certification regarding quality management requirements in business-to-business dealings?
ISO 9000
In which step of the DMAIC cycle would you identify ways to remove the cause of defects and confirm key variables?
Improve
Which of the following is an example of a variable?
Inspecting the diameter of holes drilled into a pipe
Which of the following is not an example of when to use a c-chart?
Inspecting the diameter of holes drilled into a pipe
Which analytical tool of Six Sigma breaks down a problem into the relative contributions of its components?
Pareto Charts
The underlying distribution for the c-chart is which of the following?
Poisson
Which of the following tools can be used in the Define step of the DMAIC cycle?
Run charts, flow charts... Design of experiments is typically used in the improve step. Cause-and-effect diagrams are typically used in the analyze step.
Which dimension of design quality refers to the ease of repair?
Serviceability
What term refers to the philosophy and methods that companies use to eliminate defects in their products and processes?
Six sigma
ISO, international standards for quality management and assurance, was developed by?
The International Organization of Standardization
_____ are characteristics that can be measured numerically, such as weight, length, or diameter.
Variables
When larger samples are needed for finer variations in a process, which chart would be better suited?
X bar
If the sample size varies, the standard deviation and upper and lower process control limits should
be recalculated for each sample
When the mean and standard deviation of a process is operating such that the control limits are acceptable relative to specification limits, the process is said to be
capable
Which of the following is variation that is inherent in the process itself?
common variation
There are two aspects to analyzing the data for benchmarking, they are
comparing actual processes, comparing performance of the process against certain measures
When calculating control limits for a c-chart, cbar represents the average number of
defects per unit
Which of the following control charts must use a sample large enough to allow counting of the attribute?
p-chart
Which of the following is the control chart that plots the fraction defective of each individual sample tested?
p-chart
What is the preferable sample size in process control involving the measurement of variables?
small
When measuring variables, it is often preferable to use a small sample size because
small samples are less costly. small samples can be gathered quickly. large samples give more narrow process control limits.
Which of the following terms describes testing a random sample of output from a process to determine whether the process is producing items within a preselected range?
statistical process control
Design quality is considered a ___ for the firm
strategic decision
Total quality management requires companies to deal with all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer.
true
The process of looking outside the company to compare the firm to excellent performers is called
external benchmarking
An assumption in a p-chart calculation is that the sample size is which of the following?
fixed
Process limits relate to
how consistent the process is for making a product.
The cost of quality involves the cost of
rework Scrap Warranties
The standard practice in statistical process control for variables is to set control limits to how many standard deviations from the mean?
three
A product can have a high design quality with low conformance quality and vice versa
true
