Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Flagella
A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion, formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules, ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.
Eukaryotic Cell
a cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic cell
a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles; includes achaea and bacteria
Plasmid
a circular DNA molecule that is usually found in bacteria and that can replicate independent of the nucleoid DNA
Central Vacuole
a large, fluid-filled organelle that stores not only water but also enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials;provides turgor pressure in plant cells
Nucleus
a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
Cell membrane
a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment
Domain Eukarya
eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Mitochondrion
in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP;contains DNA
Lysosome
membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides
Cytoskeleton
network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
Ribosomes
non membrane bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis;found in eukaryotes and porkaryotes
Chloroplast
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy; contains DNA
Domain Archaea
prokaryotes do not have a nucleus , no membrane bound organelles
Domain Bacteria
prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, no membrane bound organelles,
Cilia
short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface
Centrosome
small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus
Cell wall
strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape
Endosymbiosis Theroy
the idea that the mitochonria and chloroplasts were once free living and were engulfed by other prokaryotic cells.
Chromosome
threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next Prokaryotic cells do not have them.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.
Golgi Apparatus
An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Centrioles
One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope; play a role in cell division.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm