PSCI 2306 Webtext 16-19
Which amendment protects states' rights?
10th amendment
Prior to the passage of the Bill of Rights, how many amendments were approved by Congress?
12
which amendment banned all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude?
13th
which amendment gave African Americans the right to vote?
15th
based on Figrue 2, which age group shows the lease amount of support for the death penalty?
18-29
which amendment to the US Constitution protects the right to free speech?
1st
Excessive use of force by the police may constitute a violation of which Amendment to the US Constitution?
4th
What does it mean to say the 5th protects citizens against double jeopardy?
A citizen cannot be tried twice for the same crime.
The idea of dual citizenship in the context of civil liberties refers to which of the following?
Americans being subject to both state and national protections
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the freedom of religion?
Americans were not always protected from state infringement on freedom of religion.
What happened in the aftermath of the shootings that occurred at Sandy Hook Elementary School in late 2012?
Congress did not renew the federal assault weapons ban.
What is the majority opinion in Shelby County v. Holder?
Coverage formulas are unconstitutional, but changes to state voting laws can still be reviewed by Congress.
Which of the following falls into Stage 1 of the Sherbert test?
Does the government action pose a substantial burden to the person's ability to act on that belief?
INVESTIGATION- What is the interlocking nature of the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause when it comes to gay rights, according to Kennedy?
Gay rights involve both principles of liberty (to engage in intimate sexual conduct in the privacy of the home) and principles of equality (to enjoy the same benefits afforded to heterosexual couples).
INVESTIGATION- In which case did the supreme court first mention the right to privacy?
Griswold v. Connecticut
INVESTIGATION- How does Kennedy invoke the right to dignity in the closing lines of the opinoin?
He suggests that gay couples are asking for the right to choose whom to love, to marry out of that love, and to find equal recognition for that marriage by the state.
What does 42 U.S.C. section 1983 do?
It allows citizens to sue the government for violations of their constitutional rights so that they may be compensated with money damages.
What was the Court's ruling in Lawrence v. Texas?
It extended the right to privacy to sexual conduct between consenting adults of the same sex.
What was the significance of the Missouri compromise?
It granted freedom to any enslaved person whose owner established residence in a free territory.
Why might the Supreme Court prohibit a religious practice?
It may endanger human safety.
How did the US Congress respond to the 2022 school shooting in Uvalde?
It passed legislation that expanded background checks, limited access to firearms, and expanded federal resources to schools.
The American Woman Suffrage Association differed from the National Woman Suffrage Association in which of the following ways?
It targeted amendments to state constitutions.
Which of the following states had an enslaved population that was not freed by the Emancipation Proclamation?
Missouri
Which of the following contemporary issues related to the Fourth Amendment?
NSA surveillance
INVESTIGATION- What happened to James Obergefell that led his case to be heard by the US supreme court?
Obergefell married his partner in Maryland, where same-sex marriage was legal, but they resided in Ohio, where it was not. Thus he could not enjoy the same marriage benefits as opposite-sex married couples and was not listed on his spouse's death certificate.
The ruling in which of the following cases established the "separate but equal" doctrine?
Plessy v. Ferguson
Which of the following reflects a change in the interpretation of the 6th from the past 50 years?
Poor defendants in felony cases are now provided counsel by the state.
When did the Court establish the trimester system to structure a woman's rights during pregnancy?
Roe v. Wade (1973)
What happened in the aftermath of the 2018 school shooting in Parkland, Florida?
Several state legislatures took steps to reform gun control.
Which of the following represents an accurate statement regarding the death penalty?
Several states have placed a moratorium on the death penalty.
What was the immediate effect of Lincoln's election to the presidency?
South Carolina seceded from the Union.
who drafted the 19th
Susan B. Anthony
INVESTIGATION- According to Justice Kennedy's reasoning, what is the relationship between the right of same-sex couples to marry and the 14th amendment?
The 14th Amendment promises liberty and equal protection.
The supreme court decided not to intervene in Texas's 2021 abortion law. How does this compare to the 1973 Roe decision?
The 1973 Court invalidated state laws restricting abortion rights, whereas the 2021 Court reinforced them.
INVESTIGATION- What does Justice Kennedy write in the opening paragraph regarding the Constitution and Liberty?
The Constitution promises liberty to all within its reach, including rights that allow persons to define and express their identity.
The Supreme Court recognizes that police officers are often called upon to make split-second decisions in chaotic circumstances. How is this understanding reflected in the law?
The Court evaluates the reasonableness of an officer's actions based on what an officer working under hectic circumstances would rationally do.
What was the outcome of the 2022 Dobbs decision?
The Court overturned Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, giving control over reproductive rights back to the states.
What new approach to deciding whether a government action violates the Establishment Clause originated in the 2022 Kennedy decision?
The Court will only consider "historical practices and understandings" rather than using the Lemon test.
The National Cathedral does not violate the First Amendment because it does not violate which of the following?
The Establishment Clause
Which of the following statements about the MAsterpiece cakeshop is true?
The Masterpiece Cakeshop decision left open the possibility for a more neutral law to compel bakers to provide cakes for same-sex couples.
Which of the following represents an accurate description of what transpired in 1808?
The enslaved population numbered over one million.
What is one impication of the Supreme Court's relience on "evolving standards of deceny" to interpret the 8th?
The interpretation of this part of the U.S. Constitution is responsive to public opinion.
Why does the Second Amendment remain at the center of the gun control debate?
The language of the amendment has led to opposing interpretations.
INVESTIGATION-According to Justice Kennedy's first paragraph, what does liberty have to do with a person's right to marry whomever they choose?
The petitioners in the case seek to exercise their constitutional liberty by marrying someone of the same sex and having that marriage recognized as equal to heterosexual marriage.
INVESTIGATION- According to Justice Douglas, where is the right to privacy found int he Constitution?
The right to privacy is found in the "penumbras" of the Bill of Rights.
Which of the following cases did the Supreme Court clarify the restrictions that states may impose on abortion?
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
Based on 2, people of which religious identification demonstrates the greatest support for the death penalty?
White evangelical Protestants
Which of the following refers to the situation in which an otherwise invalid warrant is considered valid if the officer believed they were acting within the boundaries of the law?
a good-faith exception
Who are the Patriot Guard Riders?
a group of motorcycle enthusiasts who form a human shield between members of the Westboro Baptist Church and mourners at military funerals
Which of the following might be considered an "exigent circumstances"?
a threat to an individual's safety
The 1993 Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act prohibits which of the following people from buying a gun?
a woman convicted of felony assault with a deadly weapon
Oregon's Death with Dignity Act does which of the following?
allows physicians to prescribe lethal medication to terminally ill patients
Why did the Supreme Court rule that police were not justified in shooting Edward Garner when he fled from them?
because Garner did not pose a significant threat to the officers or others
Why did Jack Phillips refuse to make a wedding cake for Craig and Mullins?
because he believed it would suggest that he endorsed their marriage, which was against his religious beliefs
Why did 3 bakeries decline to make cakes for William Jack?
because his request was hostile to LGBTQ+ people
Why did the supreme court rule in favor of Masterpiece Cakeshop?
because the Colorado Civil Rights Commission demonstrated that they were not neutral toward religious viewpoints and, instead, demonstrated open hostility to the owner's religious beliefs
Why did Autumn Scardina file a lawsuit against the cakeshop?
because the bakery refused to make her a cake celebrating her gender transition
Why did Shaniz West lose her lawsuit against the police officers who fired tear gas into her house?
because there was no prior case that was factually similar enough to set a legal precedent
What is one form of speech that the Supreme Court has protected under the first amendment?
burning the American flag
The Bill of Rights does which of the following?
describes what the federal government cannot do
Which of the following is among the most important mid-20th century limitations on the freedom of political speech?
direct incitement
in 1995, the Supreme court protected the free speech rights of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) when they affirmed that the Klan had the right to do what?
erect a cross in a public space
The 8th amendment and the Courts interpretation of it protect the criminally accused from which of the following?
excessive bail
Which type of speech "inflicts injury or tends to incite an immediate breach of the peace"?
fighting words
The supreme court's ruling in Bowers v Hardwick did which of the following?
found that states could restrict sexual activity unrelated to procreation
The first amendment protects which of the following liberties?
freedom of religion
What was the first provision of the Bill of Rights that the Supreme Court applied to the states?
freedom of speech
Civil liberties can be described as which of the following?
freedoms that protect citizens from the government
For which of the following do civil rights require equal protection?
gender
The 4th amendment protect citizens from which of the following?
illegal examination and confiscation of property
A jury awarded the Snyders a total of nearly nine million dollars in damages for what?
intentional infliction of emotional distress
According to the relevant Supreme Court standard, less-protected forms of speech are those that do which of the following?
lack ideas that hold artistic or social value
The Miller test is used as a standard to evaluate which form of speech?
obscenity
Which form of freedom of assembly has the Supreme Court consistently found to be worthy of protection?
peaceful demonstrations in public spaces
Affirmation action represents an example of which of the following?
policies based on equality of outcome
Which of the following is considered a well protected form of speech?
political speech
the citizens united decision expanded the Supreme Court's protection of free speech into which of the following arenas?
political speech by corporations
An attempt by the government to block material before publication is known as which of the following?
prior restraint
the 5th amendment includes which of the following under its protections?
protection against self-incrimination
Which civil liberty was the most recent to be incorporated (applied to the states) by the Supreme Court?
protection from excessive fines
INVESTIGATION- The Supreme Court cases discussed in lannacci's article applied the right to privacy to which of the following aspects of life?
reproductive choices and sexual activity
The 14th amendment did which of the following?
reversed dual citizenship
In Mahanoy Area School District v. BL (2021), the Supreme Court ruled that schools cannot take action against students who do what?
share unpopular ideas while off campus
The supreme Courts rulings on the right to die tend toward which of the following?
supporting the autonomy of states in the area of physician-assisted suicide
What did the Supreme Court rule in Snyder v. Phelps?
that the First Amendment prevents the use of the civil justice system to punish people for expressing opinions on matters of public concern
What did Justice Alito argue in the majority decision he wrote for the Supreme Court's ruling in the case of McDonald v. City of Chicago?
that the Second Amendment should be applied to the states
Based on Fig. 3, a majority of people who support the death penalty also believe what?
that there is some risk of putting innocent people to death
Which of the following clauses in the First Amendment pertains to the freedom of religion?
the Free Exercise Clause
INVESTIGATION- According to the article, which of the following amendments served as the basis for Justice Goldberg's opinion in the Griswold case?
the Ninth Amendment
Which of the following laws has had the greatest implications for fourth amendment rights?
the Patriot Act
What is one criterion of the Lemon Test?
the government action must have a secular legislative purpose
For the first half of the nation's history, the Bill of Rights protected citizens from which of the following?
the national government
Which of the following rights has not yet been incorporated?
the right to a jury trial in a civil case
Which of the following rights is guaranteed to the criminally accused by the 6th amendment?
the right to an impartial jury
INVESTIGATION- Griswold and Buxton argued that the Connecticut law infringed on which constitutional principle?
the right to due process
What was the aim of Radical Republicans during Reconstruction?
to seek legislation that improved voting rights for freedmen
what was the purpose of Jim Crow Laws?
to segregate society by race
The Equal Protection Clause prohibits which type of discrimination?
unreasonable
Which southern state abolished the dealth penalty in 2021?
virginia
At what point was the concept of equality enshrined in the US constitution?
when the 14th Amendment was ratified