PSU ARH 361U Northern Renaissance

Incarnation

God's rays of light

Profile Portraits

Most popular way of making portraits at the time an air of calmness, serenity, composure

Melchior Broderlam, The Dijon Altarpiece, late 14th c. Interior.

Painted and gilded wood, crucifixion.

Court artists

Advantages: treated well, had better salary, easier to "network"

Claus Sluter and workshop, Tomb of Phillip the Bold (Charterhouse of Champmol), finished by early 15th c.

Alabaster = substitute for ivory Division of labor among workshop Mourner is shown covering his nose, brings up question of naturalism vs realism

Isenheim Altarpiece, open, 16th c.

Annunciation; Angelic Concert; Madonna and Child; Resurrection . OPEN (Sundays and special days).

Melchior Broderlam, The Dijon Altarpiece, late 14th c. Exterior.

Annunication and Visitation Enclosed garden Incarnation Archangel Gabriel Old and New Testament Joseph is darker, more naturalistic, drinking water Mary and Child as unit

Limbourg Brothers, Les Tres Riche Heurs du duc de Berry, 15th c.

Book of hours made for the Duke of Berry, Charles V's brother. January page - Banquet of New Year's, visual jokes, profile portrait of the Duke that tells us its him

The Charterhouse of Champmol (Dijon)

Carthusian monastery and mausoleum Phillip the Bold of Burgundy

Lent

Catholic tradition of self denial, prayer, and repentance that lasts for 6 weeks

Chapelle

Chapel, place of worship subordinate to church

Goldenes Rossel (Little Golden Horse), c. 1400. Gold and Enamel.

Commissioned by Charles VI's wife, Isabeau de Bavaria Joyaux

Petrus Christi, Goldsmith in his Studio, 15th c.

Commissioned by goldsmith's guild vanitas painting memento mori

Jean de Marville and Claus Sluter (From Holland), Portal of the Charterhouse of Champmol. Late 14th c, completely in early 15th.

Division of labor between carvers, masons, painters More naturalistic than earlier sculptures Portraits of secular figures alongside religious figures More interactive sculpture

Division of Labor

Division of labor between sculptors, painters, laborers in big elaborate projects like this

Petrus Christi, Portrait of a Carthusian Monk, 15th c.

Fly - trompe l'oeil (fool the eye) Zeuxis story

Jan Baudolf (design), Nicolas Bataille (weaving). Tapestries of the Apocalypse series. 14th century.

For Louis II, Duke of Anjou, brother of Charles V. 6 pieces, almost 500 ft all put together Made from wool Cartoon drawing underneath

The Ghent Altarpiece, Interior.

God, the Virgin Mary and Saint John the Baptist Adam and Eve Adoration of the Lamb by All Saints in the great Mass in Heaven Supernatural Mental Vision Eucharist Trinity Baptism Iconography Reality and Unreality

Courtly Sophistication

Idea perpetuated through art that members of the court were more learned, sophisticated, and more civilized than the peasant class

Book of hours

Illuminated manuscript, contain prayers and devotional texts

Ars Nova

Latin for new art, refers to new art style flourishing in Burgundian countries in the 14th century

Jean Fouquet, Melun Diptych, 15th. France!

Left wing - etienne chevalier and saint stephen right wing - madonna and child possibly agnes sorel (mistress of king charles vii of france)

Mourners (Naturalism)

Mourners in this work look visibly sad in a naturalistic way, makes viewers see it as a realism, as if this really happened

Vellum

Parchment made of calf skin, very expensive

Hubert and Jan Van Eyck, The Ghent Altarpiece, 15th c. Exterior.

Patron: Jodocus Vijd, one of Phillip the Good's diplomats Private chapel in Ghent Polyptych open for special celebrations of mass grisaille - st john the baptist, st john the evangelist can be seen as a painted handbook aka artisans as makers of knowledge

Jambs

Portraits of Phillip the Bold and his wife vertical inside of face of an opening in a wall or side piece of a door

Jan Van Eyck, Arnolfini Portrait, 15th c.

Probably Giovanni Arnolfini, a textile merchant/money lender to the Duke of Burgundy convex mirror - can see Van Eyck's reflection, scenes from the passion of christ inscription: jan van eyck was here, notarial script? Interpretations: *Pictorial marriage certificate *Clandestine marriage *Death portrait *Transfer of power proof

Trombeau

S shape of the Virgin in the Portal Unrealistic balance of weight

Donors: Charles V and wife

The Parement of Narbonne, drawing on silk

Enclosed Garden

Theme in Christian art, symbolic of Mary as closed off or inpenetrable

Hugo Van der Goes, Portinari Altarpiece, 15th c.

Tommaso Portinari. For Church of Saint Eigido in the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuora (Florence). Grisaille on exterior central panel - nativity with adoration of the shepards patrons are super small - hierarchical scale, divided by gender, peasants are totally in wonder and amazement christ on ground emphasizes holiness details: still life, passion, purity (lily), royalty, bread and body, wine and blood (transubstantiation), wheat and vase, humility (violets), mysticism (mystery and human emotion)

Robert Campin, Merode Altarpiece, 15th c.

Triptych Mnemonic images (memory images)= roses, stairs, hortus conclusus, holy family conventions used for private devotion, meditation not shown to public central panel - annunciation: *incarnation *humility *majolica vase *lillies for purity left side - patrons *peter inghelbrecht (brings in angel) and margarete scrynmakers right panel - saint joseph *working on carpentry

Naturalism

an artistic style aimed at copying nature or figures as they appear in real life

Rogier van der Weyden, Saint Luke Painting the Virgin, 15th c.

artistic identity guild of st. luke possible self portrait of van der weyden?

Heraldry

coat of arms, armoria insignia

Rogier van der Weyden, The Deposition, 15th c.

commissioned by the archer's guild most influential painting of all european work of the 15th c imitates polychrome sculpture Archers guild (crossbow) Painter of the city of Brussels Imitatio Christi Eucharistic Theme Performance Transubstantiation Conventions

Jan Van Eyck

court painter to Phillip the Good, Duke of Burgundy oil painting master, put oil painting on the map

Jan Van Eyck and Workshop, The Crucifixion; The Last Judgement, 15th c.

details of close observation, how people really look when they're crying

Cartoon

drawing underneath to help guide artist weaving

Horror vacui

filling of entire surface of artwork or putting multiple characters into a cramped enclosed space

Devotional diptych

format invented by rogier van der weyden

Gold leaf

gold hammered into thin sheets, also very expensive

Jan Van Eyck, Madonna in the Church, 15th c.

intensely detailed crown unreal - size of entryway is smaller than her S curve trombeau - unrealistic/un-natural god's ray of light inscription: sunbeam passed through but doesn't stain or penetrate the virgin, she is the brightest of eternal light." virgin mary ---> symbol of the Church

Ultramarine blue

made by grinding lapis lazuli, a very expensive mineral

Imitatio Christi

meditation on the suffering of christ, following the example of christ. book by thomas kempis.

Matthias Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, 16th century. Closed (weekdays)

originally for the monastery of saint anthony in isenheim, alsace, france (hospital) hospital for people with ergotism or saint anthony's fire, a skin disease polyptych emulates sculptures through addition of pedestals Saint John the Baptist: "He must increase, I must decrease" lamb of god

Grisaille

painting in grey monochrome to emulate sculpture

Jan Van Eyck, Man in a Red Turban, 15th c.

possible self portrait inscription: van eyck made me motto: as best as i can three quarter view popular in portraits

Hans Memling, Diptych of Maarten van Nieuwenhove, 15th c.

setting takes place in his house coat of arms in mary's part = mirror materializing the idea that mary is in his spaces saint martin

Arnolfini portrait symbols

shoes on the ground - holy ground chandelier - all seeing eye of god fruit, oriental rug, fur trimmed and ornamented dress, brass chandelier, amber prayer beads - they're rich and devoted st. margaret, puppy for fidelity and carnality

Tapestry

textile art, woven on vertical loom

Mysticism

the belief that direct knowledge of God, spiritual truth, or ultimate reality can be attained through subjective experience (as intuition or insight) - Mary pondering the fate of Christ