PSY 100

_____ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy.

Aggression

Dallas thinks two of his friends are highly compatible, so he is trying to get them together. Which of the following might help to get them interested in each other?

Have them gaze into each other's eyes for a couple of minutes.

Sade, a college student, has been getting lower grades than she would like. She decides to take a vacation from social media and turn her focus back to academics. How is this likely to impact her grades?

Her grades will improve.

During a job interview, a prospective employee laughs at Ms. Dolly's jokes and seems to feign his smiles. She knows this from all of the following EXCEPT:

His smiles seem too wide.

Tate was pretty aggressive when he was in his early twenties. Tate is now 60 years old and is much calmer than he was back then. What happened?

His testosterone level has decreased.

_____ social influence results from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

Normative

Sarah and Marge have been assigned to the same dorm room for the academic year. What is likely to happen by the end of the year?

Sarah and Marge will become close friends.

Alone in her house, Shanita hears a noise in the middle of the night. She tells a friend that her heart started to pound, she began to breathe heavily, and finally she jumped out of bed trembling. If an emotional response is made up of physiological arousal, expressive behavior, and conscious experience, which of the following is missing from Shanita's description of the event?

She felt fear.

Motivation

_____ arises from the interplay between nature (the bodily "push") and nurture (the "pulls" from human thought processes and culture).

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment is called:

a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Mr. Rogers thinks that all teenagers are reckless, promiscuous, irresponsible delinquents. His belief illustrates:

a stereotype.

Strangers placed in male-female pairs were instructed to stare into each other's eyes for 2 minutes. They reported feeling:

a tingle of attraction and affection.

In a crowd of faces, researchers have found that people are quickest to detect a(n) _____ face.

angry

What might account for adolescent males driving aggressively and exhibiting reduced perceived risk of such driving habits?

watching movies that depict aggressive driving

The bystander effect is MOST likely to occur:

when someone is witnessing an emergency and there are several other bystanders present.

_____ generally are more emotionally literate because they are better at reading nonverbal cues.

women

The theory of emotion that emphasizes the simultaneous experience of body response and emotional feeling is the _____ theory.

cannon-bard theory

Ingrid is looking for a new car that is dependable and affordable. She would MOST likely be convinced to buy a particular car based on:

central route persuasion.

A couple who has been married for over 50 years is likely experiencing _____ love.

companionate

_____ love refers to the deep affectionate attachment people feel for those with whom their lives are intertwined.

companionate

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system _____ salivation and _____ blood pressure.

decreases; increases

Lara's mouth is dry and she realizes that she has not had anything to drink all morning. So, at the next opportunity, she will take an extra-large drink of water. Which of the following can be used to explain why Lara is motivated to drink something?

drive-reduction theory

When Chad wrinkles his nose in disgust when his mother presents him with roasted cauliflower, he then experiences an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the dish. Chad is likely experiencing the _____ effect.

facial feedback

It is important to know that _____ are culturally defined and not universal. They can be complimentary in one culture and rude in another culture.

gestures

The U.S. government adjusted its immigration policy to use chain migration, which:

helped people feel less isolated.

At a local coffee shop, the waitress yells at Mick when he sits at a table that has not been cleared. Mick is convinced that she should find another line of work, one in which her angry personality traits will not interfere with her job. Mick is under the assumption that _____ caused her behavior.

her disposition

Mason's new roommate leaves dirty laundry all over their room and is very sloppy. Mason assumes that this is because the roommate is currently taking finals and working 40 hours per week. Mason is attributing his roommate's behavior to:

his busy schedule.

The tendency to wear heavier clothes when it's cold and lighter clothes when it's warm is an example of humans trying to maintain:

homeostasis

In _____ cultures, people are more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error.

individualist

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of a(n):

instinct.

A company seeks to hire someone who is good at reading emotions from minor, quick changes in people's facial expressions. The company should hire an _____ person. Some of us are more sensitive than others to physical cues to various emotions.

introverted

Shown a two-second scene of an upset woman, _____ are better able to detect her emotion.

introverts

Exuberant infants and alert, energetic adults are especially likely to show high levels of brain activity in the:

left frontal lobe.

When communicating electronically rather than face to face, people often are less focused on others' reactions, _____ self-conscious, and thus _____ inhibited.

less; less

As Joleen got out of her car in the parking lot of her local grocery store, a homeless man approached her and asked for money. Joleen gave the man a few dollars and then went inside the store to do her shopping. Joleen believes that the man is homeless because he has not been given the same opportunities as others. Joleen is MOST likely politically:

liberal

Feigned smiles last for a _____ time and are turned off _____ abruptly than genuine smiles.

longer; more

Takyi was born in Tokyo, Japan, and is studying in the United States for the year. The MOST significant difference in the emotional expressions of Takyi and his American roommate is that Takyi is:

more likely to infer emotion from contextual clues.

Research shows that after extensive exposure to pornographic films, men are subsequently _____ accepting of the use of coercion in sexual relations and _____ likely to perceive sexual aggression as serious.

more; less

Aliya and Vaughn just met. Which will affect their first impression of each other?

physical attractiveness

John and Alisha randomly met at the local movie theater. What will affect their first impression of each other?

physical attractiveness

Like all attitudes, _____ involves beliefs, emotions, and actions.

prejudice

Sara and a colleague are having dinner together. While they wait on their order, a Muslim family enters the restaurant, and the woman is wearing a hijab. Sara's colleague leans closer to her and says, "I am not sure how she expects to eat with all of that junk covering her face." Her colleague is demonstrating:

prejudice.

Not only are humans pushed by the need to reduce drives, they also are _____ by incentives.

pulled

Women generally are more emotionally literate because they are better at:

reading nonverbal cues.

Carlos regularly donates blood because he once received a life-saving transfusion when he was in a car accident. Carlos' helping behavior is BEST explained by the _____ norm.

reciprocity

James Laird and his colleagues subtly induced students to make a frowning expression by asking them to "contract these muscles" and pull the brows together. They found that the students:

reported being a little angry.

When Shawna thinks about her family, she feels secure. This is because a sense of belonging activates the brain region associated with:

safety.

Studies imply that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated. This offers support for _____ theory.

scapegoat

The _____ proposes that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

scapegoat theory

According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, which of the following is the correct sequence of events when a car drives directly toward someone and that person experiences emotion?

see an oncoming car; heart pounds and, at the same time, fear is experienced.

Two-year-old Alma tries to escape her playpen so she can explore the room she is in. Alma is motivated to escape the playpen to:

seek optimum levels of arousal.

Dr. Perez is conducting research about how people form impressions of others and how they interpret each other's behavior in a variety of situations. Dr. Perez is probably a(n) _____ psychologist.

social

Francisco decides that his free time over the weekend is not as important as the good feelings and joy of giving back to the community. So, he decides to volunteer at the Special Olympics. This illustrates:

social exchange theory.

A comedian's jokes work very well when there is a full house. However, tonight's audience is small and his jokes are not going over well. The audience begins to boo and he eventually is booed off the stage. Which of the following can BEST account for his unsuccessful night?

social facilitation

People who receive high scores for narcissism on personality tests tend to collect more _____ "friends."

superficial

_____ refer(s) to shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.

superordinate goals

In a crisis, the _____ division of your autonomic nervous system (ANS) mobilizes your body for fight or flight.

sympathetic

A telemarketer calls Scott one night and asks for a $1 donation to a local children's charity. Scott happily agrees. A week later the same telemarketer calls and asks for a $20 donation to the same charity. Scott again agrees. This illustrates:

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Early one Halloween evening, Bart's friends asked him to join them in smashing their neighbors' pumpkins. He complied. Later, he was surprised by his own failure to resist when they asked him to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience BEST illustrates:

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Recently Tanya has been caught in heavy traffic when traveling to and from work. When she comes home, she slams the front door and tends to yell more at her children and husband over things that are rather insignificant. This behavior can BEST be explained by:

the frustration-aggression principle.

Chuck has just moved into a new neighborhood, where many drug addicts live in rundown houses. When his friend asks him if he feels bad seeing these people suffer, Chuck replies, "Good people don't end up that way, so I don't feel bad for them." His attitude BEST illustrates:

the just-world phenomenon.

People who are geographically close to each other are more likely to be friends due to:

the mere exposure effect.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases. Suggests that moderate arousal would lead to optimal performance

Tiffin thinks a strict class attendance policy is an indication of her professor's overly controlling personality. Tiffin attributes the strict attendance policy to:

the professor's disposition.

The excitement that lingers after a frightening event can often facilitate passionate love. This is BEST explained by:

the two-factor theory.

Ava looks down while sitting at the top of the ski lift. She immediately feels her heart start to pound. She is confused by this response until she remembers that she was also afraid the last time she was on a ski lift. Ava realizes her heart is pounding because she is afraid. Which theory of emotion BEST explains this sequence of events?

two-factor

When Monica's autonomic nervous system was aroused, she misinterpreted the harmless symptoms as indicators of an impending heart attack. This misinterpretation caused her to experience fear. Her emotional response is BEST understood in terms of the _____ theory.

two-factor

When Greg's autonomic nervous system was aroused, he misinterpreted the harmless symptoms as indicators of an impending heart attack. This misinterpretation caused him to experience fear. His emotional response is BEST understood in terms of the:

two-factor theory.

_____ would suggest that people feel sorry because they cry and are afraid because they tremble.

William James

According to the text, in one digest of many studies of people's abilities to discern lies from truth, people were about _____ percent accurate.

54

According to research on factors that determine the likelihood that two people will become friends, which of the following is more accurate?

Birds of a feather flock together.

Sia looks down while sitting at the top of the Ferris wheel. She immediately feels her heart start to pound and she simultaneously experiences fear. The _____ theory BEST explains Sia's emotional response. This theory holds that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

Cannon-Bard

Justyce is in a movie theater and on the screen one of the actors is cut on the arm. He gasps, but everyone in the theater is silent. Which country might he be in?

China

Daniel's friend has been a bit depressed because of a low test score. Daniel decides to play a DVD of funny cartoons to cheer her up. What could he ask her to do to increase the likelihood that she will laugh at the cartoons?

Display a big smile as soon as the DVD starts.

Dr. Cheng studies social influence at a university in China. He is concerned because he is finding that rates of conformity in his experiments are much higher than those reported by his cousin, who conducts social influence research in the United States. Which of the following reasons might account for this difference?

Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country that prizes collectivism, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that prizes individualism.

As she was riding her bicycle down a hill, Wendy hit a large rock and lost her balance. She managed to come to a stop without falling. When she was stopped, she noticed her heart was racing and she was shaking. After that, she realized she was frightened. Which theory of emotion BEST explains this sequence of events?

James-Lange theory

Sometimes, books and movies surprise and intrigue people because they depict characters who put their need for love and belongingness above their own safety. This is in contrast to the expected order in:

Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Which of the following is NOT a suggestion for balancing real-world and online time?

When studying, check your phone once every 30 minutes.

The mental process of inferring the causes of people's behavior, including one's own, is called a(n) _____.

attribution

Seven-year-old Peter's parents use harsh physical punishment and verbal intimidation to control his behavior. Based on research cited in the text, if his parents continue this type of discipline, Peter is more likely to:

be more violent in the future and become a delinquent

Like all attitudes, prejudice involves:

both beliefs and emotions.

Deficits in the functioning of the brain's _____ are associated with aggression.

frontal lobe