psy 145 exam 1

Skenes gland aka female prostate

Lies between urethra and wall of vagina, its ducts empty into the urethra Size of gland and amount of secretions vary-where some women ejaculate

breat cancer rate

1 in 9 american women

three layers of the uterus

1. Inner layer AKA endometrium: richly supplied with glands and blood vessels, is what gets sloughed off furing the menstrual cycle 2. Myometrium: muscle, that are very strong creating powerful contractions of labor and orgasm, also highly elastic, capable of stretching to accommodate a baby 3. Perimetrium: the outer layer that forms the external cover of the uterus

3 general rules that emerge across cultures:

1. No matter how society treats homosexuality, the behavior always occurs in at least some individuals- same gender sexuality is found universally in all societies 2. Males are more likely to engage in same gender sexual behavior than females 3. Same gender sexual behavior is never the predominant form of sexual behavior for adults in any of the societies studied

layers of the vagina

1. The inner layer: the vaginal mucosal member similar to the lining of the mouth 2. Middle layer: muscular 3. Outer layer: forms a covering

How can circumcision stop STI transmission?

1. most STIs travel via fluid blood, semen, vaginal fluid can be harbored in foreskin for long periods 2. foreskin is extremely easy to tear makes blood exposure to bacteria/viruses more likely 3. believing they're more vulnerable after having their foreskin removed, men may use condoms more often

Whats the average penis size and are men satisfiedwith it?

85% of men are 4-6 inches erect 45% of men wish they had a bigger penis but theres no way to do this. women dont want their partners penis to be bigger but just want better technique

• Supercision

: a form of male genital cutting in which a slit is made the length of the foreskin on top

seuxual health definition

: a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social; wellbeing in relation to sexuality

follicle

: capsule that surrounds an egg

Cultivation (media)

: in communications theory, the view that exposure to the mass media makes people think that what they see there represents the mainstream of what really occurs

• Scrotum

: loose pouch akin that contains the testes in the male

sperm

: the mature male reproductive cell, capable of fertilizing an egg

meatus/urethral opening

: the opening at the end of the glans that allow semen and urine to pass

What are the genes that cause breast cancer

BRCA 1 and BRCA 2--82% develop breast cancer who have these genes

can you get pregnant from pre-ejaculate?

MYTH. is only possible if the man has sperm from a very recent ejaculation still in the urethra. preejaculate comes from the cowpers gland, which contains no sperm

travel of sperm

Testes-->epididymis -->ejaculatory duct -->urethra --> sperm out the penis

uterus

The organ in the female in which the fetus develops o Function: to hold and nourish a developing fetus

• the fourchette:

Where the lips come together behind the vaginal opening

clitoris

a highly sensitive organ in the female; the glans is in front of the vaginal entrance and the rest of the clitoris extends deeper into the body has the most nerve endings

epidydmis

a highly-coiled tube located on top of the testis, where sperm mature; is where sperm are stored until they mature

o Foreskin

a layer of skin covering the glans or tip of the penis in an uncircumcised male; also called a prepuce

Pubococcygeus muscle:

a muscle around the vaginal entrance—can be strengthened through

general rule for standards of attractiveness

a poor complexion is considered unattractive in the majority of human societies

• Subincision

a slit is made on the lower side of the penis along its entire length

corpus spongiosum

a spongy body running the length of the underside of the penis (1); fill with blood during erection

lumpectomy

a surgical treatment for breast cancer in which only the lump and a small bit of surrounding tissue are removed

radical masectomy

a surgical treatment for breast cancer in which the entire breast as well as underlying muscles and lymph nodes is removed

hymen

a thin membrane that may partially cover the vaginal entrance

• Introitus:

aka the vaginal opening, gives the man the "too tight"/"too loose" sensation

familism

among Latinos, strong cultural valuing of one's nuclear and extended family

sexual rights definition

basic, alienable rights regarding sexuality, both positive and negative such as rights to reproductive self-determination and sexual self-expression and freedom

sexual behavior definition

behavior that produces arousal and increases the chance of orgasm

what causes breast sagginess

breats internally supported by ligaments and glands but lack of gravity (held by a bra) can make them lose their elasticity) leading cause: smoking & weight gain. breast feeding DOES NOT cause sagginess

what are the most common cancers in women after breast cancer?

cervix, endometrium, and ovaries

female EXTERNAL sexual organs

clitoris, mons publis, inner lips, outer lips, vaginal opening

conformity

conform to the expectations of the family and society

cervix

connects uterus to the vagina, top=the fundus, the body=the main part

Process before ejaculation

cowpers gland releases precum--> semen and sperm travel to the base of the penis where it is stored until ejaculation --> bulbocavernosus muscle contracts during orgasm to create ejaculation

areola

darker area surrounding the nipple

the sperm cycle

earliest stage the cell is a spermatogonium --> spermatocyte --> spermatozoan or sperm

emotional control

emotions shouldn't be openly expressed

glans

end/tip of the penis is the most sensitive area. develops from the same prenatal tissue as the clitoris

Vestibular bulbs

erectile tissue running under the inner lips

collectivism

family needs over one's own needs

three kinds of breast lump cysts

fibrocystic/cystic mastitis=fluid filled sacs fibroadeomas malignant tumors BUT 80% of breast lumps are cysts and benign

fimbriae

fingerlike projections at the end of the infundibulum

risk factors for breast cancer

genetics-- 5-10% of cases are due to genetics long term use of menopausal hormone replacement therapy obesity

cowpers gland

glands that secrete a clear alkaline fluid into the male's urethra; is thought to neutralize the urethra. cleanses and deacidifies urethra semen and sperm travel to the base of the penis. stores semen until ejaculation

how effective is the pull out method?

if 100 couples have sex regularly, 17% get pregnant using the pull out method.

social learning (medoa)

in comm theory, the idea that the media provide role models whom we imitate

Agenda setting

in communications theory, the idea that the media define what is important and what is not by which stories they cover

universal taboos (which ones are they)

incest, bestiality, necrophilia

nipple

is richly supplied with nerve endings and consists of smooth muscle fibers, when they contract the nipple becomes erect

cura

longer spongey bodies that lie deep in the body and run from the tip of the clitoris to either side of the vagina under the major

similarities found across species

masturbation, same gender behavior, sexual signaling

cunnilingus

mouth stimulation of a woman

Process of ejaculation

muscle contractions begin seconds before actual ejaculation which creates a feeling of "eminence" --> each ejaculation has 120 million sperm. --> seminal fluids propels sperm through cervix and nourishes them 1 tablespoon=5% sperm in liquid

why study sex?

o Can help learn about problems concerning sexual functioning o It is practical to learn about it- sex is in many people's lives is a basic biological process is related to all other biological psychological and cultural phenomena if left uninformed, people remain ignorant

•internal parts of the testes..The interstitial cells

o Cells in the testes that manufacture testosterone

cremateric reflex

o Moves closer to the body when it's cold, father away when it's hot:

nonsexual uses of behavior

o Showing dominance o Exhibitionism: to frighten and shock women o Economic purposes i.e. s=prostitutes

internal parts of the testes.. seminiferous tubules

o Tubes in the testes that manufacture sperm

circumcision advantages and disadvantages

oAdvantages: less likely to get urinary tract infections, lower risk of infection with HIV & HPV, oDisadvantages/risks: trauma, oNo difference in sexual pleasure

fallopian tubes

oAka oviducts: the tubes extending from the uterus to the ovary, are the pathway nu which the egg travels toward the uterus and the sperm reach the egg

breasts

oConsist of 15-20 mammary glands, each with a separate opening to the nipple and of fatty and fibrous tissues that surround the clusters of glands a lot of stimulation can begin lactation even in women who arent pregnant

labia majora

oRounded pads of fatty tissue lying along both sides of the vaginal opening; covered w/ pubic hair

correlation between social class and sex

oThe more educated the respondents, the more likely they are to have masturbated within the last year Those with advanced degrees are 2x more likely to have masturbated than those who didn't finish high school

labia minora

oTwo hairless folds of skin lying between the outer lips oHave the Bartholin glads: two tiny glands located on either side of the vaginal entrance; have no dignificant function but can become infected

ejaculatory duct

opens into the urethra

margaret mead

recorded sexual behavior all over the world. disocered large variety of ex norms across & w/i culture. found very few taboos are universal

breast cancer diagnosis

self exams and mammpograms

masturbation

self stimulation of the genitals to produce sexual arousal

seminal tract

sperm travels up the vas deferens and mixes with fluid in the seminal vesicles and prostate

corona

spongy bodies running the length of the top of the penis (2)

corpora cavernosa

spongy bodies running the length of the top of the penis (2); fill with blood during erection

Sigmund freud

studied sex psychologically, sex repression --> hysteria

o Internal part of the scrotum

testes

• The perineum

the area of skin between the vaginal opening and the anus

Vulva

the collective term for the external genitals of the female

prostate

the gland located behind the bladder that secretes some of the fluid in semen

shaft

the main part of the penis is composed of three cavernosa: sponge bodies that fill w/ blood when arounsed. bottom cavernosa houses urethra

penis

the male external organ which functions both in sexual activity and in urination includes shaft and glans

spermatogenesis

the manufacture of sperm

testes

the pair of glands in the scrotum that manufacture sperm and sex hormones sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubes. seminal tract.

definition of gender

the state of being male or female

definition of ethnocentrism

the tendency to regard one's own ethnic group and culture as superior t others and to believe that its customs and way of life are the standards by which other cultures shod be judged

Vagina

the tube shaped organ in the female into which the penis is inserted during coitus and through which a baby passes during birth can expand during arousal can feel cervix with fingers 3-4 inches unaroused

Vas deferens

the tube through which sperm pass on their way from the testes and epididymis, out of the scrotum, and to the urethra

• Urethra

the tube through which urine passes from the bladder out of the hole

Internal Female organs

the vagina, the vestibular bulbs, the skene's gland, the uterus, a pair of ovaries, and a pair of fallopian tubes

definition of culture

traditional ideas and values passed down from generation within a group and transmitted to members of the group by symbols such as language

ovaries

two organs in the female that produce eggs and sex hormones; produce eggs and manufacture sex hormones estrogen and progesterone

siminal vesicles

two saclike structures that lie above the prostate and produce about 60% of the seminal fluid

infundibulum

where fertilization of the egg typically occurs, is the section of the tube closest to the ovary

Henry Ellis

•Compiled a large info on sexuality including medical and anthropological findings, case histories. first to study sexual behavior in depth across cultures pop the idea that women can and should enjoy sex. believes sexual perversions were harmless & shouldnt be penalized

Magnus Hirschfield

•Founded the first sex research institute and admin. The first large scale sex survey -10000 people •Estb the first journal devoted to the study of sex estb marriage counseling service, and gave advice for contraception and sex problems

Alfred Kinsey

•Mass survey of human sexual behavior in the US in the 1940s •Masters and Johnsons' investigations of sexual disorders and the physiology of response

Richard von Krafft-Ebing

•Special interest in pathological sexuality •Collected case histories of pathological individuals •Coined concepts such as sadism, masochism, and pedophilia, heterosexuality, and homosexuality

mons

•The fatty pad of tissue under the pubic hair