psy 160 chapter 8

Which of the following most accurately describes why women fake orgasms?

The sexual script in which a woman should orgasm first

What are the three basic components of reflexes?

Transmitters Effectors Receptors

According to Freud, women experience which two types of orgasm?

Vaginal orgasm Clitoral orgasm

What two physiological changes occur during the sexual response?

Vasocongestion and myotonia

Which of the following would be used to measure someone's tendency toward sexual excitation according to the dual control model?

When I think of an attractive person, I easily become sexually aroused.

In which of the following ways would sexual inhibition be functional in an evolutionary sense?

When excessive sexual activity may reduce fertility When sexual activity distracts from a dangerous situation When an environment is not safe for reproduction

Which of the following is true regarding the refractory period in women?

Women do not have a refractory period.

As evidenced by decreased sexual behavior in castrated men, testosterone seems to have a(n) ______ effect in maintaining sexual desire in men.

activating

Hormone effects such as increased testosterone are called _____ effects because they activate certain behaviors, such as the sex response.

activating

A castrated animal that has no sex drive is given shots of testosterone and begins to engage in sex again. The animal's renewed sex drive is an example of the:

activating effects of hormones.

With regard to female orgasm, clitoral stimulation is:

almost always involved.

During the excitement phase in females, the upper two-thirds of the vagina:

balloons out to accommodate the penis.

The process of orgasm in females is ______ to that in males.

basically similar

When a male experiences retrograde ejaculation, the semen does not travel out of the penis. Instead, it travels to the:

bladder.

Injection of a drug like Depo-Provera for the purpose of reducing the levels of testosterone in a man's body is referred to as _____ castration.

chemical

Carpopedal spasms that occur during orgasm cause the:

contraction of hand and feet muscles.

Autoeroticism includes all of the following EXCEPT:

cuddling.

Physiologically, women can have multiple orgasms because they:

do not enter into a refractory period.

The sensation in which ejaculation is just about to happen and cannot be stopped is referred to as:

ejaculatory inevitability.

The parts of the body that are sexually sensitive (such as genitals or lips) are referred to as:

erogenous zones.

The _____ phase is the beginning of erotic arousal.

excitement

True or false: Castration is a guaranteed way to stop a convicted offender from committing rape again.

false

True or false: In an evolutionary sense, sexual inhibition is dysfunctional.

false

The _____-spot is located between the pubic bone and the cervix on the vaginal side of the urethra.

g

According to Freud, a clitoral orgasm is:

immature.

Jayden says that using condoms or other safe-sex products can cause her to lose arousal. According to the dual control model, this is best a measure of sexual:

inhibition.

Like the male orgasm, the female orgasm:

is a series of muscular contractions in 0.8 second intervals.

A major criticism of Masters and Johnson's model of sexual response is that it:

is all physiological.

The sexual interest network is part of the _____ system of the brain.

limbic

The ejaculation center is located in the:

lumbar spine.

The stimulation of one's own genitals with the hand or with some object is referred to as:

masturbation.

The convergence of the dates of onset of menstrual periods among women who are in close contact with each other is referred to as:

menstrual synchrony.

William Masters and Virginia Johnson are well known for their:

model of the physiology of the sexual response.

Compared to most other species, olfaction is ______ important for humans.

much less

A series of orgasms occurring within a short period of time is referred to as ______ orgasm.

multiple

Dopamine, melanocortins, oxytocin, and norepinephrine are ______ associated with sexual excitement.

neurochemicals

Hormones present during prenatal development produce _____ effects, because they cause a permanent change in the organization of some structures.

organizing

A(n) _____ is an intense sensation that occurs at the peak of sexual arousal and is followed by release of sexual tensions.

orgasm

The ______ is the tightening of the entrance to the vagina that is caused by contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscle.

orgasmic platform

During the resolution phase in women, the:

orgasmic platform shrinks.

When dogs urinate on a tree to mark it with their scent, they are really depositing ______ and sending a biochemical message to other dogs.

pheromones

The _____ period is the period in males following orgasm during which they are incapable of being aroused again.

refractory

Directly after orgasm, men experience a(n) ______, during which they are not capable of ejaculating again.

refractory period

In men and women, pulse rate, blood pressure, and breathing return to a relaxed state when they are in the _____ phase.

resolution

The "backward" expulsion of semen into the bladder rather than out of the penis is referred to as a:

retrograde ejaculation.

Autoeroticism is:

sexual self-stimulation.

Neural circuits for orgasm in women are ______ those for orgasm and ejaculation in men.

similar to

Male and female sexual fantasies are:

similar.

Menstrual synchrony seems to be related to which of the five senses?

smell

Some hormones have "organizing effects," meaning that they cause a permanent change in the organization of:

structures like the reproductive system.

Ejaculation and orgasm are controlled by the ______ nervous system.

sympathetic

The clitoris and the vagina are supplied by:

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.

Males and females are born with capacities for both male and female sexual behavior, but if ______ is present early in fetal development, female behaviors and capacities are suppressed.

testosterone

Research demonstrates that levels of the hormone _____ are correlated with sexual behavior in boys around the time of puberty.

testosterone

As compared to lower species, human sexual behavior is controlled more by:

the brain.

An erection occurs when:

the corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum fill with blood.

Men can generally bring the ejaculation reflex under voluntary control, but not the erection reflex.

true

True or false: According to Masters and Johnson, there is no difference between clitoral and vaginal orgasms.

true

True or false: In some animals, removal of the olfactory bulbs dramatically reduces the sexual behavior of males.

true

True or false: Testosterone influences sex and sex influences testosterone.

true

True or false: The fluid secreted by the Cowper's gland before a man ejaculates may contain active sperm.

true

Erection problems in men are generally caused by an impairment of the ______ response.

vasocongestion

The basic physiological process that occurs during excitement is:

vasocongestion.

When blood flows into the genital regions of males and females during sexual arousal, causing erection, it is referred to as:

vasocongestion.

What happens during vasoconstriction?

An erection goes away.

What hormone type can be used to treat women who complain of low sexual desire?

Androgens

What are pheromones?

Biochemicals secreted outside the body that are important in communication between animals

Manipulation of which of the following is the most common method of female masturbation?

Clitoris

According to researchers, which of the following emotions is antierotic?

Disgust

Which of the following results from a retrograde ejaculation?

Dry orgasm

Which of the following proposes that sexual response is controlled by both sexual excitation and sexual inhibition?

Dual control model

Faking an orgasm is a violation of which principle of sexual pleasure?

Effective communication

Which of the following are components of sexual behavior that are controlled by spinal cord reflexes?

Ejaculation Erection

Consideration of which of the following is missing from the three models of sexual response (Masters and Johnson's model, Kaplan's model, and the dual control model)?

Emotion

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages in Masters and Johnson's sexual response model?

Excitement, orgasm, and resolution

Which of the following are terms used to refer to the small region on the front wall of the vagina that empties into the urethra and is responsible for female ejaculation?

Female prostate Skene's glands G-spot

The area inside the vagina that is erotically sensitive is called the:

G-spot

Which of the following is NOT a neurochemical associated with sexual response?

GABA

Why is castration NOT a guaranteed way to eliminate sexually deviant behavior in humans?

Human sexual behavior is less hormone dependent than in other species.

Which of the following occur during orgasm in both males and females?

Increased respiration Rapid pulse Increased blood pressure

The dual control model proposes that which two basic processes underlie the human sexual response?

Inhibition Excitation

Which of the following is true regarding Masters and Johnson's research of the human sexual response?

It cannot be generalized to the entire population.

How does Kaplan's triphasic model differ from Masters and Johnson's model of sexual response?

It has a cognitive component.

Which of the following are true of the ejaculation reflex?

It involves myotonia. It involves the sympathetic division of the nervous system. It involves the parasympathetic division of the nervous system.

Which of the following is true regarding masturbation?

It is a very common behavior.

Which of the following are criticisms of Masters and Johnson's research of the human sexual response?

Its sampling was flawed. It ignored cognitive and subjective aspects of the sexual response.

Whose model of sexual response includes desire?

Kaplan's

What are the three phases of Kaplan's triphasic model?

Muscular contractions Vasocongestion Sexual desire

______ is an increase in muscle tension near the orgasm phase, causing contractions.

Myotonia

Which of the following is essential for pheromone effects to occur?

Olfaction

Which of the following statements about erogenous zones is accurate?

One person's erogenous zones can be quite different from another's.

According to research, what happens when a human smells pheromones?

Parts of the hypothalamus and the amygdala are activated.

According to the dual control model, what kinds of people are most likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors?

People very high in excitation

______ castration is the term used to refer to surgical removal of the testes.

Physical

Which of the following is true regarding female orgasm according to Masters and Johnson's research?

Physiologically there is only one type of female orgasm.

According to research, which of the following describes the role of the sexual interest network?

Recognizing sexual opportunity in the environment

Which of the following statements about testosterone and sexual behavior are accurate?

Sexual behavior affects testosterone levels. Testosterone affects sexual behavior.

Which part of the penis is most commonly stroked up and down during masturbation?

Shaft

During the excitement phase of the sexual response in females, vasocongestion is responsible for which of the following?

Swelling of the crura of the clitoris Opening up of the inner lips Vaginal lubrication Erection of the nipples

Which hormone has been linked biologically to libido in men and women?

Testosterone