PSY 200 CH 8-11 Test

______________ hormones can heighten the sex drive in women

testosterone

_________ is the feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives

conflict

According to the five factor , the five basic personality factors are extraversion, neuroticism, ____________ , agreeableness, and openness to experience

conscientiousness

Fixation is the amount of time spent looking at a _______________ by an infant

visual stimuli

Crystallized intelligence is shown more generally by ___________

vocabulary

Freud labeled the region of the iceberg that pokes into the light of awareness the ______________ part of the mind

conscious

Erik Erikson believed that to a large extent a person is a ___________ _________ of his or her own personality

conscious architect

The ___________ __________ theories do not predict the sorts of traits and interests that we will develop

humanistic existential

The concept of ______________ audience may drive intense adolescent desire for privacy

imaginary

___________ refers to some animals that become attached to the first moving object they encounter

imprinting

Alfred Adler's individual psychology focuses on the role of feelings of ____________ and the creative self in the formation of personality

inferiority

Feeling lonely and being socially isolated are examples of _____.

inner concern hassles

According to Freud, the ego stands for ________ ways of coping with frustrations

rational

In Piaget's stages of cognitive development in children, the ___________ stage comes to a close with the acquisition of the basics of language at about age two

sensorimotor

During the embryonic stage of prenatal development the _____ _______ start to differentiate

sex organs

The __________ __________ theory pays less attention to the genetic variation in explaining individual differences in behavior

social cognitive

In the case of stimulus motives, organisms seek to increase ___________

stimulation

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the ___________ functions according to the moral principle

superego

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses on the influence of __________ on children's cognitive development

teachers

_________ is an example of a psychological need

power

Freud theorized that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely the conscious, _________, and the unconscious

preconscious

Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on Western cultural ___________

prejudice

According to Piaget, the _____________ stage is the second stage of cognitive development in children

preoperational

Adaptive thermogenesis is a mechanism that would help _______ _________ in times of famine

preserve life

The far reaching effects of childhood events on personality is a focus of the ___________ theory

psychodynamic

________________ factors play an important role in the human hunger drive

psycholgical

Erik Erikson labeled the first stage of ____________ development as the stage of trust verses mistrust

psychosocial

_____________ is the creation of new ways of responding to objects or looking at the world

Accommodation

_____________ are male sex hormones that masculinize the sex organs in the embryonic stage

Androgens

Freud believed that the _________ ___________ develops in the phallic stage of psychosexual development

Electra complex

__________ is Hans Selye's term for stress that is healthful

Eustress

_________ is best defined as a demand made on an organism to adapt, cope, or adjust

Stress

__________ are reasonably stable elements of personality that are inferred from behavior

Traits

Psychological need for approval, ____________ , and belonging gives rise to drives

achievement

____________ ____________ are the arousal producing effects of sex hormones that increase the likelihood of sexual behavior

activating effect

_____________ _______________ can sabotage the efforts of overweight people to maintain a slender profile

adaptive thermogenesis

The __________ _________ is a sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus

amniotic sac

Carl Jung developed the psychodynamic theory called _________ psycholoy

analytical

Ovaries produce _____________ in women

androgens

In the context of __________ __________ affluent females may be at greater risk because they have greater access to fitness centers and health clubs

anorexia nervosa

In the _______-________ conflicts both goals are attainable

approach-approach

Carl Jung's Analytical Psychology emphasizes the collective unconscious and ______________

archetypes

Piaget described human thought, or intelligence, in terms of the concept of ____________ and accommodation

assimilation

According to James and Lange emotions are the cognitive representations of ___________ physiological and behavioral responses

automatic

According to Erikson, toddlers through about the age of three are said to be in the stage of __________ verses shame and doubt

autonomy

Men and women have similar _______________ responses to sexual stimulation

biological

A person romantically and sexually attracted to both males and females is most likely to be labeled _____________

bisexual

A feature of Erikson's intimacy isolation stage is the establishment of _________ relationships

close

According to Piaget's ____________ developmental theory, people try to eliminate inconsistencies or discrepancies in information

cognative

_____________ are more likely to conform to group judgement

collectivists

The multiple approach-avoidance conflicts are the most __________

complex

_________ is an environmental hassle

crime

A __________ period is a period of time when an instinctive response can be elicited by a particular stimulus

critical

Social relationships are a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and ______________

development

A _______ ________ ________ is a state of deprivation

drive reduction theory

In the context of the __________ _________ _________, acquired drives are developed through experience

drive reduction theory

According to Erikson, adolescents who do not develop _____ __________ may experience role diffusion

ego identity

Feeling states with physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components are defined as ____________

emotions

A high ________ __ _________ ratio is a biological factor responsible for obesity

fat to muscle

In the context of prenatal development, the ______ _______ lasts from the beginning of third month of pregnancy until birth

fetal stage

The ________ ________ is the first stage of prenatal development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not been implanted in the uterine wall

germinal stage

Life changes occur at ______ intervals, whereas daily hassles occur regularly

irregular

The ________ stage of psychosexual development is characterized by repression of sexual impulses

latency

The _____________ _____________ is an area at the side of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a start-eating center

lateral hypothalamus

Eros is fueled by psychological, or psychic energy, which Freud labeled __________

libido

Maslow's theory suggests that human behavior is not just ___________ and aimed toward survival and the reduction of tension

mechanical

Cognitive theorists note that people represents their world ____________

mentally

Fatty tissue in the body ___________ food more slowly than muscle tissue does

metabolize

Children at the preconventional level base their moral judgements on the consequences of behavior

moral

In the concrete operational stage, children center on the __________ of wrongdoers as well as the amount of damage

motives

______ are inferred from behavior

motives

In the context of hunger, we get signals of satiety from the ___________

mouth

_______________ are nearsighted when they are born

newborns

The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of an __________ test

objective

__________ ______ presents respondents with a standardized group of test items

objective tests

_____________ learning is one of the foundations of social cognitive theory

observational

The trait theory focuses on describing traits rather than tracing their __________

origins

According to research, more than two out of three adult Americans are ___________

overweight

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory is an example of an objective _________ test

personality

The correct sequence of stages of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development is oral, anal, _________ latency, and genital

phallis

The __________ acts as a medium for the passage of nutrients from the mother to the embryo

placenta

The ___________ is the second phase of the sexual cycle

plateau

According to Freud, the id follows the __________ principle

pleasure

Moral reasoning is based on a persons own moral standards at the _________________ level

postconventional

Skinner believed that the effects of ____________ on behavior should be emphasized

reinforcement

Infants with ___________ attachment will alternately cling to and push their mother away

resistant

___________ is the turning of an infant's head toward a touch

rooting

According to Maslow, once physiological needs are satisfied, people try to fulfil their need for __________

safety

In the context of hunger, __________ is the state of being satisfied

satiety

According to Ainsworth, _________ attached children seek interaction with mother upon reunion

securely

The humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers defined the _______ as the center of experience

self

In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called ________ __________

self actualization

Maslow believed that we are separated from other animals by our capacity for ___________ __________

self actualization

The ___________ _____________ test contains cards with drawings that are subject to various interpreations

thematic apperception

The embryo is connected to the placenta by the ____________ _______

umbilical cord

The ____________ mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression

unconscious

_____________ parents are parents who generally leave their children to themselves

uninvolved

In psychological testing, _________ refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure

validity

Newborns use the __________ to avoid painful stimuli.

withdrawal reflex

During the germinal stage of prenatal development the ________ divides repeatedly while moving to the uterus

zygote