PSY 200 CH 8-11 Test
______________ hormones can heighten the sex drive in women
testosterone
_________ is the feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives
conflict
According to the five factor , the five basic personality factors are extraversion, neuroticism, ____________ , agreeableness, and openness to experience
conscientiousness
Fixation is the amount of time spent looking at a _______________ by an infant
visual stimuli
Crystallized intelligence is shown more generally by ___________
vocabulary
Freud labeled the region of the iceberg that pokes into the light of awareness the ______________ part of the mind
conscious
Erik Erikson believed that to a large extent a person is a ___________ _________ of his or her own personality
conscious architect
The ___________ __________ theories do not predict the sorts of traits and interests that we will develop
humanistic existential
The concept of ______________ audience may drive intense adolescent desire for privacy
imaginary
___________ refers to some animals that become attached to the first moving object they encounter
imprinting
Alfred Adler's individual psychology focuses on the role of feelings of ____________ and the creative self in the formation of personality
inferiority
Feeling lonely and being socially isolated are examples of _____.
inner concern hassles
According to Freud, the ego stands for ________ ways of coping with frustrations
rational
In Piaget's stages of cognitive development in children, the ___________ stage comes to a close with the acquisition of the basics of language at about age two
sensorimotor
During the embryonic stage of prenatal development the _____ _______ start to differentiate
sex organs
The __________ __________ theory pays less attention to the genetic variation in explaining individual differences in behavior
social cognitive
In the case of stimulus motives, organisms seek to increase ___________
stimulation
According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the ___________ functions according to the moral principle
superego
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses on the influence of __________ on children's cognitive development
teachers
_________ is an example of a psychological need
power
Freud theorized that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely the conscious, _________, and the unconscious
preconscious
Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on Western cultural ___________
prejudice
According to Piaget, the _____________ stage is the second stage of cognitive development in children
preoperational
Adaptive thermogenesis is a mechanism that would help _______ _________ in times of famine
preserve life
The far reaching effects of childhood events on personality is a focus of the ___________ theory
psychodynamic
________________ factors play an important role in the human hunger drive
psycholgical
Erik Erikson labeled the first stage of ____________ development as the stage of trust verses mistrust
psychosocial
_____________ is the creation of new ways of responding to objects or looking at the world
Accommodation
_____________ are male sex hormones that masculinize the sex organs in the embryonic stage
Androgens
Freud believed that the _________ ___________ develops in the phallic stage of psychosexual development
Electra complex
__________ is Hans Selye's term for stress that is healthful
Eustress
_________ is best defined as a demand made on an organism to adapt, cope, or adjust
Stress
__________ are reasonably stable elements of personality that are inferred from behavior
Traits
Psychological need for approval, ____________ , and belonging gives rise to drives
achievement
____________ ____________ are the arousal producing effects of sex hormones that increase the likelihood of sexual behavior
activating effect
_____________ _______________ can sabotage the efforts of overweight people to maintain a slender profile
adaptive thermogenesis
The __________ _________ is a sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus
amniotic sac
Carl Jung developed the psychodynamic theory called _________ psycholoy
analytical
Ovaries produce _____________ in women
androgens
In the context of __________ __________ affluent females may be at greater risk because they have greater access to fitness centers and health clubs
anorexia nervosa
In the _______-________ conflicts both goals are attainable
approach-approach
Carl Jung's Analytical Psychology emphasizes the collective unconscious and ______________
archetypes
Piaget described human thought, or intelligence, in terms of the concept of ____________ and accommodation
assimilation
According to James and Lange emotions are the cognitive representations of ___________ physiological and behavioral responses
automatic
According to Erikson, toddlers through about the age of three are said to be in the stage of __________ verses shame and doubt
autonomy
Men and women have similar _______________ responses to sexual stimulation
biological
A person romantically and sexually attracted to both males and females is most likely to be labeled _____________
bisexual
A feature of Erikson's intimacy isolation stage is the establishment of _________ relationships
close
According to Piaget's ____________ developmental theory, people try to eliminate inconsistencies or discrepancies in information
cognative
_____________ are more likely to conform to group judgement
collectivists
The multiple approach-avoidance conflicts are the most __________
complex
_________ is an environmental hassle
crime
A __________ period is a period of time when an instinctive response can be elicited by a particular stimulus
critical
Social relationships are a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and ______________
development
A _______ ________ ________ is a state of deprivation
drive reduction theory
In the context of the __________ _________ _________, acquired drives are developed through experience
drive reduction theory
According to Erikson, adolescents who do not develop _____ __________ may experience role diffusion
ego identity
Feeling states with physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components are defined as ____________
emotions
A high ________ __ _________ ratio is a biological factor responsible for obesity
fat to muscle
In the context of prenatal development, the ______ _______ lasts from the beginning of third month of pregnancy until birth
fetal stage
The ________ ________ is the first stage of prenatal development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not been implanted in the uterine wall
germinal stage
Life changes occur at ______ intervals, whereas daily hassles occur regularly
irregular
The ________ stage of psychosexual development is characterized by repression of sexual impulses
latency
The _____________ _____________ is an area at the side of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a start-eating center
lateral hypothalamus
Eros is fueled by psychological, or psychic energy, which Freud labeled __________
libido
Maslow's theory suggests that human behavior is not just ___________ and aimed toward survival and the reduction of tension
mechanical
Cognitive theorists note that people represents their world ____________
mentally
Fatty tissue in the body ___________ food more slowly than muscle tissue does
metabolize
Children at the preconventional level base their moral judgements on the consequences of behavior
moral
In the concrete operational stage, children center on the __________ of wrongdoers as well as the amount of damage
motives
______ are inferred from behavior
motives
In the context of hunger, we get signals of satiety from the ___________
mouth
_______________ are nearsighted when they are born
newborns
The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of an __________ test
objective
__________ ______ presents respondents with a standardized group of test items
objective tests
_____________ learning is one of the foundations of social cognitive theory
observational
The trait theory focuses on describing traits rather than tracing their __________
origins
According to research, more than two out of three adult Americans are ___________
overweight
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory is an example of an objective _________ test
personality
The correct sequence of stages of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development is oral, anal, _________ latency, and genital
phallis
The __________ acts as a medium for the passage of nutrients from the mother to the embryo
placenta
The ___________ is the second phase of the sexual cycle
plateau
According to Freud, the id follows the __________ principle
pleasure
Moral reasoning is based on a persons own moral standards at the _________________ level
postconventional
Skinner believed that the effects of ____________ on behavior should be emphasized
reinforcement
Infants with ___________ attachment will alternately cling to and push their mother away
resistant
___________ is the turning of an infant's head toward a touch
rooting
According to Maslow, once physiological needs are satisfied, people try to fulfil their need for __________
safety
In the context of hunger, __________ is the state of being satisfied
satiety
According to Ainsworth, _________ attached children seek interaction with mother upon reunion
securely
The humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers defined the _______ as the center of experience
self
In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called ________ __________
self actualization
Maslow believed that we are separated from other animals by our capacity for ___________ __________
self actualization
The ___________ _____________ test contains cards with drawings that are subject to various interpreations
thematic apperception
The embryo is connected to the placenta by the ____________ _______
umbilical cord
The ____________ mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression
unconscious
_____________ parents are parents who generally leave their children to themselves
uninvolved
In psychological testing, _________ refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure
validity
Newborns use the __________ to avoid painful stimuli.
withdrawal reflex
During the germinal stage of prenatal development the ________ divides repeatedly while moving to the uterus
zygote